简介：Endoscopicsubmucosaldissection(ESD)inventedinJapan,playsanimportantroleinthetreatmentofearlygastrointestinalcancer(EGC)anddysplasia.Endoscopicproceduresarenowwidelyspreadingaroundtheworld.ESDhastheadvantagethatenblocresectionaswellaspathologicalviewcanbeachievedwhencomparedwithconventionalendoscopicmucosalresection(1).Thankstothe

简介：Morethan70lawexperts,lawyersandprosecutorsattendedasymposiumheldinBeijingoflateontherolelawyersshouldplayinpre-trialprocedures.ThesymposiumwassponsoredjointlybytheStateInstituteforProsecutors,theCenterforResearchofProceduralLawsundertheChinaPoliticalScienceandLawUniversityandtheCriminalDefenseCommitteeoftheAll-ChinaLawyers'Association.Thisreporthighlightsthedebatethattookplaceduringthesymposium.1.TheMeaningandSignificanceof

简介：ThegeneralresultsonconvergenceoftheIshikawaiterationprocedureswitherrorsforLipschitzianφ-strongpseudo-contractionsandnonlinearoperatorequationsofφ-stronglyaccretivetypeisestablishedinarbitraryBanachspaces.Asthedirectapplications,somestabilityresultsoftheIshikawaiterationmethodsforψ-strongpseudo-contractionsandnonlinearoperatorequationsofφstrnglyaccretivetypearealsogiven.OurresultsinthispaperimproveandextendtherecentresultsduetoOsilikeandotherauthors.

简介：<正>WegotamessagerecentlyfromtheInsititeofPlantQuarantine.MinistryofAgriculture,report-edbyscientistsintheinstitute.Thenewsissummeredasfollows.TheentrywheatgrainfromUSAhasheenpreservedatstoragebininBeijingsinceFeb1993.whichcon-tainedTCEteliospore.ThesorifragmentofbuntwasfoundinAug1996fromthewheatgrain.Accordingto

简介：Anticoagulationisimperativetoreducetheincidenceofthromboticcomplicationsinpatientsundergoingpercutaneousinterventionalcardiovascularprocedures;however,thisisattheexpenseofincreasedriskofbleeding.Theoptimalanticoagulationstrategyfortheseproceduresremainsunclear.Unfractionatedheparinisthemostcommonlyusedanticoagulantduringinterventionalprocedures,buthasseverallimitations,suchasrelativelyhighincidenceofbleedingevents,occurrenceofheparin-inducedthrombocytopenia,andaparadoxicalthromboticeffect.Contemporarystudieshavedemonstratedthatbivalirudindecreasestheoccurrenceofbleedingcomplications,butpotentiallyincreasestheriskofacutestentthrombosis.Thisreviewdiscussesthepharmacologyofbivalirudinanditscurrentclinicalapplicationinpatientsundergoingpercutaneouscoronaryinterventionandtranscatheteraorticvalvereplacementprocedures.

简介：ObjectivesToevaluatethesafetyandefficacyoftransradialcoronaryprocedures(TRCP).MethodsThedataof83caseswhoacceptedtransradialcoronaryangiography(CAG)andtransradialpercutaneouscoronaryintervention(PCI)inourdepartmentweresummarized.Thesuccessrates,proximalcoronarycomplications,peripheralvascularcomplications,severevagalreflex,meanoperationtime(MOT),meanrecumbenttime(MRT),meanhospital-stayingtime(MHT)wereanalyzed.Thedatawerecomparedwiththatof420casesoftransfemoralcoronaryprocedures(TFCP)inthesameperiod.ResultsSuccessratesandproximalcoronarycomplicationsweresimilarinbothgroups.SeverevagalreflexeswerelessinTRCPgroupthaninTFCPgroup.MOTwaslongerinTRCPgroup.MRTandMHTwereshorterinTRCPgroup.12(14.5%)radialarteryspasm,3(3.6%)radialarteryobstruction,1suddenrespiratoryarrestcausedbyjugularhematomawereobservedinTRCPgroup.ConclusionsTheefficacyandsafetyofTRCParedefinite.TRCPismoreeconomical.ForthepurposeofproperlyevaluatetheperipheralvascularcomplicationsofTRCP,itisnecessarytopayspecialattentiontoradialarteryocclusion,radialarterystenosis,andjugularhematoma.

简介：TheconcernoveroutliersisoldsinceBernoulli(see[12]),reviewedhistoricallyby[11]andupdatedwith[10]intheirencyclopediatextbook.Jamesetal.[46]usedsimulationtechniquetocomparesomerecentpublishedoutlierdetectionprocedures.Thehistoryofadeptanddiagnosisofoutliersistracedfromoldandpresencecomments.Theil-typeorRank,Brown-Mood,Lp,M,adaptiveM,GM,andTrimmed-Winsorizationestimatorsarethemostpopularestimatorsthatwewillreviewinthispaperasanapplicationtooutlieraccommodation.Wewillreviewandcomparethemostnumericalandgraphicaldisplaysbasedonresidualstoflagoutliers.

简介：与健全吸收楔包含一个声纳平台的实验为获得低频率的目的被执行声学的特征。有健全吸收楔的一个声纳站台模型的声学的特征被测量，并且不同的楔的效果在站台上放了区域声学的特征被测试。模型颤动引起的颤动加速和自我噪音处于四个条件被测量：0%，36%，60%，并且当声纳站台在单个频率刺激力量下面时，楔的100%放了区域。一个实验被执行验证相应数字计算。站台区域的数字颤动特征被有限元素方法计算，并且自我噪音在它由颤动引起了被一个经验的公式预言。结论证明数字计算方法罐头部分为获得颤动和健全特征代替试验性的过程。

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简介：Objective:Toexplorechemicalcomponentchangesofdogboneatdifferentlengtheningtimeandindifferentboneregionsofinterest,andtoevaluatethemineralizationduringIiizarovlengtheningprocess.Methods:Theashweight,theconcentrationsofcalcium,phosphorusandthecalcium/phosphorusratioweremeasuredatdifferentintervals(2,4,6,8,12weeks)sincelengtheningandthelengthenedpartwascomparedwithacontrolareaateachinterval.Results:Theashweight,theconcentrationsofcalciumandphosphorusinthelengthenedareadifferedatalldevelopmenttime.Thecalcium/phosphorus(Ca/P)ratiointhelengthenedregionremainedsignificantlylowerthanthatinthecontrolregionupto12weeksafterthelengthening.Conclusions:Theseresultssuggestthatalsootherinorganicionsplayanimportantroleinthemineralizationprocessandthattheybecomerelativelymoreimportantsince8weeksafterthelengthening.

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简介：ThepulmonarymicrocirculationoftheFontananimalmodelestablishedbytwodifferentprocedures,wasobservedbyusinglaserDopplerthermometer.Tenmongrelcaninesweredividedintotwogroupswith5ineachaccordingtodifferentsurgicalprocedures.ThemicrocirculationflowofthemiddleupperlobeofthepulmonarywasmeasuredbeforeandafterFontancirculationwasestablishedwhiletheleftsignofthecaninewasinstablecondition.Frictioninspirednooxygen

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简介：FaststepwiseproceduresofselectionofvariablesbyusingAICandBICcriteriaareproposedinthispaper.Weshalluseashortname"FSP"forthesenewprocedures.FSParesimilartothewell-knownstepwiseregressionproceduresincomputingsteps.ButFSPhavetwoadvantages.OneoftheseadvantagesisthatFSParedefinitelyconvergentwithafasterrateinfinitecomputingsteps.AnotheradvantageisthatESPcanbeusedforlargenumberofcandidatevariables.InthispaperwealsoshowsomeasymptoticpropertiesofFSP,andsomesimulationresults.

简介：在对称的半身像契约操作考虑，我们在显著Migdal-Kadanoff契约动人重正常化的最新开发的归纳的二种类型组织的这份报纸在场转变递归过程。在这些的申请的优势概括了过程被使用他们学习分别地在典型翻译不变的格子和分数维图形上构造的纺纱连续的Gaussian模型的批评行为说明。象批评代表由这些工具获得了的关联长度那样的结果被发现在有古典结果从的好一致另外的以前的研究。

简介：基于表演的地震工程是由于它写实地模仿结构的反应特征的能力导致了广泛地发达的设计方法论的研究的一个最近的焦点。地震要求的精确预言是基于表演的设计方法论的一个关键部件。这篇论文与中等韧性论述增强的具体时刻框架的地震需求评估。利用简化非线性的静态的分析的精确性被比较在很多个框架上对时间历史分析的结果估计。排水量侧面，飘移需求和最大的塑料旋转被计算估计地震要求。估计的地震要求与在FEMA356的接受标准相比。结果显示这些框架有足够的能力抵抗比限制价值大的interstory飘移。

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简介：Forthethree-dimensionalcompressiblemulticomponentdisplacementproblemweputforwardthemodifiedmethodofcharacteristicswithfiniteelementoperator-splittingproceduresandmakeuseofoperator-splitting,characteristicmethod,calculusofvariations,energymethod,negativenormestimate,twokindsoftestfunctionsandthetheoryofpriorestimatesandtechniques.OptimalorderestimatesinL^2normarederivedfortheerrorintheapproximatesolution.Thesemethodshavebeensuccessfullyusedinoil-gasresourcesestimation,enhancedoilrecoverysimulationandseawaterintrusionnumericalsimulation.

简介：AbstractSimulation plays a pivotal role in neurosurgical training by allowing trainees to develop the requisite expertise to enhance patient safety. Several models have been used for simulation purposes. Non-living animal models offer a range of benefits, including affordability, availability, biological texture, and a comparable similarity to human anatomy. In this paper, we review the available literature on the use of non-living animals in neurosurgical simulation training. We aim to answer the following questions: (1) what animals have been used so far, (2) what neurosurgical approaches have been simulated, (3) what were the trainee tasks, and (4) what was the experience of the authors with these models. A search of the PubMed Medline database was performed to identify studies that examined the use of non-living animals in cranial neurosurgical simulation between 1990 and 2020. Our initial search yielded a total of 70 results. After careful screening, we included 22 articles for qualitative analysis. We compared the reports in terms of the (1) animal used, (2) type of surgery, and (3) trainee tasks. All articles were published between 2003 and 2019. These simulations were performed on three types of animals, namely sheep, cow, and swine. All authors designed specific, task-oriented approaches and concluded that the models used were adequate for replicating the surgical approaches. Simulation on non-living animal heads has recently gained popularity in the field of neurosurgical training. Non-living animal models are an increasingly attractive option for cranial neurosurgical simulation training. These models enable the acquisition and refinement of surgical skills, with the added benefits of accessibility and cost-effectiveness. To date, 16 different microneurosurgical cranial approaches have been replicated on three non-living animal models, including sheep, cows, and swine. This review summarizes the experience reported with the use of non-living animal models as alternative laboratory tools for cranial neurosurgical training, with particular attention to the set of tasks that could be performed on them.