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500 个结果
  • 简介:沙眼是由沙眼衣原体感染所致一种传染性角结膜炎,目前在世界57个国家流行。1998年世界卫生组织(WorldHealthOrganization,WHO)将2020年全球消灭致盲性沙眼(globalalliancetoeliminateblindingtrachomaby2020,GET 2020)列为其防盲工作主要目标之一。世界卫生组织制定了辨认和命名沙眼简化分级系统及以社区干预为基础防治沙眼SAFE策略,此后10余年各国对此策略进行了不断推广、执行,目前世界上沙眼流行趋势较之此前有了一定变化,我国也启动了“计划2016年前在中国根治致盲性沙眼”防盲工作。本文就SAFE策略推广以来沙眼诊断、治疗及流行趋势等方面的进展做一综述。

  • 标签: 沙眼 患病率 诊断 治疗
  • 简介:AIM:Toevaluatetheefficacy,safetyandstabilityofposteriorchamberphakicintraocularlensimplantationforthecorrectionofhighmyopia.METHODS:Retrospectivecasereviewof82eyes(43patients)undergoingimplantableColiamerlens(ICL)placementbyasinglesurgeon(Xiao-WeiGao)tocorrectpreoperativemeansphericalequivalentsbetween-9.00diopter(D)and-23.00D.Mainoutcomemeasuresincludeduncorrectedvisualacuity(UCVA),refraction,bestspectacle-correctedvisualacuity(BSCVA),endothelialcelldensity(ECD),intraocularpressure(IOP),lenstransparency,postoperativeuveitis.Visanteanteriorsegmentopticalcoherencetomography(AS-OCT)wasusedtomeasureanteriorchamberdepth(ACD)andthepositionofICL.RESULTS:Meanfollow-upwas6.54±3.26months(range3-12months).Predictabilityofthemanifestsphericalequivalent(SE)refractiontowithin±1.OODwasachievedin88%ofeyesand±0.50Din72.5%ofeyes.ThemeanpostoperativemanifestSErefractionwas-1.85±0.72D,with96.34%ofeyesmaintainingorgaining≥1line(s)ofBSCVA.Themean3-monthpostoperativeECDdecreasedbuthadnostatisticallydifferencecomparedwiththepreoperativeECD.Ofthe7eyes(8.54%)withamildtransientincreaseinintraocularpressure(upto30mmHg),nonerequiredasecondsurgicalprocedureorprolongedtopicalmedication.Therewasnolossoflenstransparency.Pigmentedprecipitateswereobservedin5eyes(6.09%).ThemeanpreoperativeACDmeasuredwithAS-OCTwas3.28±0.14mm,threemonthsaftersurgery,themeanACDwas2.45±0.22mm.Anteriorchamberdepthshowedastatisticallysignificantreduction.Oneeye(1.22%)hadICLspontaneousrotation,81eyes(98.78%)ofthelensremainedcorrectlycentered.CONCLUSION:TheimplantationofICLisaneffectivesurgicaloptionforthemanagementofhighmyopia.Butitslongtimeeffectandsafetystillneedmoretimetoprove.

  • 标签: PHAKIC INTRAOCULAR LENS LENS IMPLANTATION MYOPIA
  • 简介:AIM:Todeterminewhethersinglenucleotidepolymorphism(SNP)rs641153isassociatedwiththeriskofage-relatedmaculardegeneration(AMD),weperformedasystematicmeta-analysisof15eligiblestudies.SNPinthecomplementfactorB(CFB)geneisconsideredtohavesignificantassociationwithAMDsusceptibility,butthereisgreatdiscrepancyintheseresults.METHODS:TheeligiblestudieswereidentifiedbysearchingthedatabasesofPubMed,EMBASE,andWebofScience.Oddsratios(ORs)with95%confidenceintervals(CIs)wereusedtoassesstheassociation.AlldatawereanalyzedusingStatasoftware.RESULTS:Theassociationbetweenrs641153andAMDriskwasstatisticallysignificantunderthehomozygousmodel(AAvsGG:OR=0.26,95%CI=0.15-0.45,P_h=0.973,/~2=0.0%,fixedeffects),dominantmodel(AA+GAvsGG:OR=0.49,95%CI=0.40-0.59,P_h=0.004,/~2=56.4%,randomeffects)andrecessivemodel(AAvsGA+GG:OR=0.30,95%CI=0.17-0.51,R_n=0.983,I~2=0.0%,fixedeffects).Thesameresultswerealsoobservedinthestratifiedanalysesbyethnicity,sourceofcontrolandsamplesize.CONCLUSION:Ourmeta-analysissuggeststhatrs641153intheCFBgenemayplayaprotectiveroleinAMDsusceptibility,thelateAMDinparticular,bothinCaucasiansandinAsians.

  • 标签: COMPLEMENT factor B rs641153 AGE-RELATED MACULAR
  • 简介:AIM:ToIntroduceanewspecializedvisualacuitychartforamblyopicchildrenaged3-5yearsoldanditsclinicalapplications.METHODS:ThenewvisualacuitychartandnotationsweredesignedbasedonWeber-Fechnerlaw.Theoptotypeswereredagainstawhitebackgroundandwerespeciallyshapedfourbasicgeometricsymbols:circle,square,triangle,andcross.Aregulargeometricprogressionoftheoptotypesizesanddistributionwasemployedtoarrangein14lines.Theprogressionrateoftheoptotypesizebetweentwolineswas1.2589andthetestingdistancewas3m.VisualacuityscorecouldberecordedaslogMARnotationordecimalnotation.Agestratifieddiagnosticcriteriaforamblyopiaestablishedbyconsensusstatementondiagnosisofamblyopia(2011)amongmembersoftheStrabismusandPediatricOphthalmologyGroup,OphthalmologySociety,ChineseMedicalAssociation(SPOGOSCMA)wereillustratedinthenewvisualacuitychart.RESULTS:Whenassessingvisualacuityinchildrenaged3-5yearsold,thisnewvisualacuitychartthatconsistsoffoursymmetricalshapes(triangle,square,cross,andcircle)overcameaninabilitytorecognizethelettersofthealphabetanddifficultiesindesignatingthedirectionofblackabstractsymbolssuchasthetumbling’E’orLandolt’C’,whichthesubjectswerepronetoloseinterestin.Thevisualacuityscoremayberecordedindifferentnotations:decimalacuityandlogMAR.Thesetwonotationscanbeeasilyconvertedeachotherintheneweyechart.Themeasurementsofthisnewchartnotonlyshowedasignificantcorrelationandagoodconsistencywiththeinternationalstandardlogarithmicvisualacuitychart(r=0.932,P<0.01),butalsoindicatedahightest-retestreliability(89%ofretestscoreswerewithin0.1logMARunitsoftheinitialtestscore).CONCLUSION:Theresultsofthisstudysupportthevalidityandreliabilityofdistancevisualacuitymeasurementsusingtheneweyechartinchildrenaged3to5yearsoverawiderangeofvisualacuities,andtheneweyechartisgreatforearl

  • 标签: amblyopic CHILDREN Weber-Fcchner LAW INTERNATIONAL standard
  • 简介:验光目的在于获得清晰视力,舒适阅读跟持久用眼。双眼平衡检查是指在验光时分别测得单眼MPMVA是否支持双眼同时视觉活动加以检验和调整,最终达到使屈光不正者获得双眼屈光平衡及调节平衡,使屈光不正者真正获得清晰、舒适和持久视力。双眼平衡方法包括,棱镜分离法,交替遮盖法,偏振分离法,以及偏振红绿法等。

  • 标签: 棱镜分离法 交替遮盖法 偏振分离法 偏振红绿法 双眼平衡
  • 简介:干眼症是十分常见眼表疾病,其发病机制至今尚未明确.近年来研究表明基于免疫炎症反应可能是各种类型干眼症发病共同机制.泪腺及眼表面的炎症可导致泪腺及眼表上皮细胞损伤及凋亡、泪液水样液及黏液分泌减少,而性激素水平异常可能是导致此炎症反应发生重要因素,本文复习了以上热点问题相关文献作一综述.

  • 标签: 干眼症 眼表改变 发病机制 研究进展
  • 简介:Endogenousaspergillusendophthalmitis(EAE)afterkidneytransplantisararebutimportantclinicalproblemduetopotentiallydevastatingconsequences.EarlydiagnosisofEAE,timelyremovalofaffectedvitreousbyvitrectomy,properanti-fungaltreatment,allcontributedtothesuccessfulcontrolofthedisease.TherapeuticsuccessofEAEinpost-transplantpatientsdependslargelyonpromptdiagnosis.DefinitediagnosisofEAEisbasedonpositivecultureresultsofvitreousspecimen,whilefundoscopyandBscanultrasoundmayaidearlydiagnosis.Intermsofanti-fungalmedicine,amphotericinBhaslongbeenthefirstchoice,butitssystemicapplicaitonhassevereadversereactions,especiallyforpatientswithimpairedrenalfunction.Herein,wereportthetreatmentmodalityofEAEafterkidneytransplantwithvitrectomy,systemicadministrationofmicafunginplusvoriconazole,topicalapplicationoffluconazolandamphotercinB.

  • 标签: ASPERGILLUS ENDOPHTHALMITIS KIDNEY transplan-tation amphotercin B
  • 简介:AIM:Toinvestigatewhether15-Lipoxygenase-1(15-LOX-1)playsanimportantroleintheregulationofangiogenesis,inhibitinghypoxia-inducedproliferationofretinalmicrovascularendothelialcells(RMVECs)andtheunderlyingmechanism.METHODS:PrimaryRMVECswereisolatedfromtheretinasofC57/BL6JmiceandidentifiedbyanevaluationforFITC-markedCD31.ThehypoxiamodelswereestablishedwiththeBio-bagandevaluatedwithablood-gasanalyzer.ExperimentswereperformedusingRMVECstreatedwithandwithouttransferAd-15-LOX-1orAd-vectorbothunderhypoxiaandnormoxiaconditionat12,24,48,72hours.Theefficacyofthegenetransferwasassessedbyimmunofluorescencestaining.CellsproliferationwasevaluatedbytheCCK-8method.RNAandproteinexpressionsof15-LOX-1,VEGF-A,VEGFR-2,eNOsandPPAR-rwereanalyzedbyreal-timereversetranscriptionpolymerasechainreaction(RT-PCR)andWesternblot.RESULTS:RoutineevaluationforFITC-markedCD31showedthatcellswerepure.Theresultsofblood-gasanalysisshowedthatwhenthecultureswereexposedtohypoxiaformorethan2hours,thePo2was4.5to5.4Kpa.WeverifiedRMVECscouldbeinfectedwithAd-15-LOX-1orAd-vectorviaFluorescencemicroscopy.CCK-8analysisrevealedthattheproliferativecapacitiesofRMVECsinhypoxicgroupweresignificantlyhigherateachtimepointthantheywereinnormoxicgroup(P<0.05).Inahypoxiccondition,theproliferativecapacitiesofRMVECsin15-LOX-1groupweresignificantlyinhibited(P<0.05).Real-timeRT-PCRanalysisrevealedthattheexpressionsofVEGF-A,VEGF-R2andeNOsmRNAincreasedinhypoxiagroupcomparedwithnormoxiagroup(P<0.01).However,theexpressionsof15-LOX-1,PPAR-rmRNAdecreasedinhypoxiagroupcomparedwithnormoxiagroup(P<0.01).Italsoshowedthatinahypoxiccondition,theexpressionsofVEGF-A,VEGF-R2andeNOsmRNAdecreasedsignificantlyin15-LOX-1groupcomparedwithhypoxiagroup(P<0.01).However,15-LOX-1andPPAR-rmRNAincreasedsigni

  • 标签: 15-Lipoxygenase-1 hypoxia RETINAL MICROVASCULAR endothelial cells
  • 简介:AIM:Todescribethedesignandpreliminaryresultsofthehospitalbasedepidemiologicalstudyfordiabeticretinopathy(HBESDR),anongoingepidemiologicalstudytoestimatetheprevalenceofdiabeticretinopathy(DR)andtoelucidatetheclinical,anthropometric,biochemicalandanyotherriskfactorsassociatedwithdiabeticretinopathy.METHODS:Totally2000diabeteswillberecruitedfromtheDiabeteseyeclinicintheFirstAffiliatedHospitalofChinaMedicalUniversity.AllsubjectsunderwentbloodsugarestimationandOralGlucoseToleranceTesttodiagnosediabetes.Alldiabeteswouldundergocompletequestionnaire,acomprehensiveeyeexamination.Bloodandurinewouldbecollectedforbiochemicalinvestigations.AllfundusphotographsforanyDRwillbegraded.Participantswhoneedtreatmentwillbesenttotheophthalmicclinicandfollow-upintervalprogramforallsubjectswillbesuggested.Acomputerizeddatabaseiscreatedfortherecords.RESULTS:Todate,1174diabeteshavebeenrecruited,therewere350(29.81%)DRinalldiabetes,mostofthemwerewithmildnon-proliferativediabeticretinopathy(NPDR)(139,39.71%);71(20.29%)moderateNPDR,66(18.86%)severeNPDR,74(21.14%)proliferativediabeticretinopathy(PDR).Females,longerdurationofdiabetes,familyhistoryofdiabetesandhypertensionhadastatisticallysignificantincreaseinriskofanyDR.CONCLUSION:ThestudyisexpectedtoprovideanestimateoftheoverallprevalenceofDRandtheprevalencewithdifferentdurationofdiabetesandalsoabetterunderstandingoftheriskfactorsassociatedwithDR.

  • 标签: DIABETIC RETINOPATHY PREVALENCE epidemiolo-gical STUDY
  • 简介:AIM:Todescribethecharacteristicsofmodulationtransferfunction(MTF)ofanteriorcornealsurface,andobtainthethenormalreferencerangeofMTFatdifferentspatialfrequenciesandopticalzonesoftheanteriorcornealsurfaceinmyopes.·METHODS:Fourhundredeyesfrom200patientswereexaminedunderSIRIUScornealtopographysystem.PhoenisanalysissoftwarewasappliedtosimulatetheMTFcurvesofanteriorcornealsurfaceatverticalandhorizontalmeridiansatthe3,4,5,6,7mmopticalzonesofcornea.TheMTFvaluesatspatialfrequenciesof5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,50,55and60cycles/degree(c/d)wereselected.·RESULTS:TheMTFcurveofanteriorcornealsurfacedecreasedrapidlyfromlowtointermediatefrequency(0-15cpd)atvariousopticalzonesofcornea,thevaluedecreasedto0slowlyathigherfrequency(>15cpd).Withtheincreaseoftheopticalzonesofcornea,MTFcurvedecreasedgradually.3)Intherangeof3mm-6mmopticalzonesofthecornea,theMTFvaluesmeasuredathorizontalmeridianweregreaterthanthecorrespondingvaluesathorizontalmeridianofeachspatialfrequency,thedifferencewasstatisticallysignificant(P<0.05).At7mmopticalzonesofcornea,theMTFvaluesmeasuredathorizontalmeridianwerelessthanthecorrespondingvaluesatverticalmeridianat10-60spatialfrequencies(cpd),andthedifferencewasstatisticallysignificantin25,30,35,40,45,50cpd(P<0.05).·CONCLUSION:MTFcanbeusedtodescribetheimagingqualityofopticalsystemsatanteriorcornealsurfaceobjectivelyindetail.

  • 标签: MODULATION TRANSFER FUNCTION OPTICAL quality CORNEA
  • 简介:目的比较面神经垂直段CT定位和解剖定位。方法15例开颅取脑后颅底标本,对面神经管垂直段至外耳道后壁、外耳门后缘、颈静脉窝外侧壁与前壁水平之间距离进行直接测量,并与64层螺旋CT测量进行比较。结果尸骨直接测量与CT测量结果分别是(3.01±0.65)mm与(3.09±0.68)mm,(10.98±1.72)mm与(10.98±1.64)mm,(3.99±1.23)mm与(3.91±1.17)mm,(8.32±1.86)mm与(8.24±1.92)mm;两种方法测量值差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05)。结论CT测量方法可靠,测得值可信。CT扫描有助于明确诊断。

  • 标签: 面神经管 计算机断层摄影 人体测量
  • 简介:AIM:Todefinetheultrasonographicstructureofnormallowereyelidanatomiccompartmentsandtheirspacialrelationshipindynamicmotion.METHODS:Highresolutionultrasound(15MHz)wasperformedonthelowereyelidsof7normalsubjects.Movementsofthelowereyelidanditscompartmentswerevisualizedwithultrasound.Inaddition,themaximalexcursionareaofthelowereyelidfatcompartmentsandretractormotionswasmeasuredbeforeandaftermotion.RESULTS:Theorbicularismusclecouldbeseenasanecholucentstructurebetweenthedermisandtheechodencefatpads.Lowereyelidfatpadseemstobedividedinto2compartmentsasrangeofmotionanddirectionofmovementofeachofthemvaries.Itseemsthatthesecompartmentshavealsodifferentbehavior.Themeasuredprofileareaofthevisiblenormallowereyelidfatpadsduringmovementofglobefromup-gazetodown-gazedecreasedby50%.Orderofmovementoflowereyelidstructuresseemstobeasfollows:afterglobemovementfistweseeretractormovement,anteriororbitalfatpad,thenskinandseptum,andfinallymovementofinferiorfatpad.CONCLUSION:Ultrasoundrepresentsanoninvasivetoolforthevisualizationoflowereyelidmorphology.Expandingitsapplicationcouldhelpusunderstandthecompartmentalchangesinphysiologicaleyelidmovement,inaginganddiseasedstudypopulations,aswellasassessoperativeoutcomes.

  • 标签: LOWER EYELID ULTRASONOGRAPHY DYNAMIC MOTION analysis
  • 简介:后囊膜混浊是白内障囊外摘除术后最主要并发症之一.后囊膜混浊发生是多因素参与结果,手术方式改进、人工晶状体改良、术后炎症反应控制都可以减少后囊膜混浊发生.本文就人工晶状体设计对后囊膜混浊影响作一综述.

  • 标签: 后囊膜混浊 人工晶状体 并发症 术后 白内障囊外摘除术 影响
  • 简介:AIM:Toevaluatetheefficacyandsafetyoftrabeculectomy,phacotrabeculectomyplusintraocularlensimplantation(phacotrab+IOLgroup)andphacoemulsificationwithIOL(phaco+IOL)inprimaryangle-closureglaucoma(PACG).METHODS:Itwasasystematicreviewandmeta-analysis,randomizedcontrolledtrials(RCT)andclinicalcontrolledtrials(CCT)werecollectedthroughelectronicsearchesoftheCochraneLibrary,PubMed,EMbase,WanfangDatabaseonline,ChinesejournalFull-textDatabase,ChineseScientificJournalsFull-textDatabase(fromthedateofbuildingthedatabasetoOctober2010)Wealsocheckedthebibliographiesofretrievedarticles.Alltherelateddatathatmatchedourstandardswereabstracted.ThequalityofincludedtrialswasevaluatedaccordingtotheDutchCochraneCentre.RevMan5.0softwarewasusedforMeta-analysis.RESULTS:Atotalof5RCTand11CCTinvolving1495eyeswereincluded.Theresultsofmeta-analysisshowedthatphacotrab+IOLgroupwassuperiorthantrabeculectomy(trabgroup)(MD-3.93,95%CI[-7.31,-0.54])whichwasalsosuperiorthanphaco+IOLgroup(MD0.52,95%CI[0.10,0.95])indecreasingIntraocularPressure(IOP).Phacotrabgroup(MD-1.45,95%CI[-1.68,-1.22])andphacogroup(MD-1.12,95%CI[-1.87,-0.37])arebothdeeperthantrabgroupintheanteriorchamberdepth.Inincreasingthecoefficientofoutflowfacilityofaqueoushumor(Cvalues)therewasnostatisticaldifferenceinthethreegroups.Andtherewasnostatisticaldifferencebetweenphacotrabgroupsandphacogroupsinvisualacuitybutphacotrabgroupwassuperiorthanphacogroup(MD1.07,95%CI[0.73,1.40])intheuseofIOP-loweringdrugs.Therewasnostatisticaldifferenceamongthreegroups.CONCLUSION:Currentevidencesuggeststhatphacotrab+IOLgroupwassuperiorthantrabgroupwhichwasalsosuperiorthanphaco+IOLgroupindecreasingIOP.Phacotrabgroupandphacogrouparebothdeeperthantrabgroupintheanteriorchamberdepth.PhacotrabgroupwassuperiorthanphacogroupintheuseofIOP-loweringdrugs.

  • 标签: TRABECULECTOMY PHACOEMULSIFICATION PHACOTRABECULECTOMY primary ANGLE-CLOSURE GLAUCOMA
  • 简介:眩光是很常见现象,也是引起车祸以及视觉疲劳一个重要因素.偏振照明系统可以过滤对面的偏振光,增加会车时司机视力范围以及分辨力,完美解决夜间会车失能性眩光.而对于日常生活中常见反射性眩光,偏振眼镜可以过滤反射形成平面偏振光,得到清晰视觉.

  • 标签: 偏振片 眩光 抑制作用 过滤反射 动态偏振系统
  • 简介:AIM:Toreporttheeffectivenessandsafetyofprimary23-Gauge(G)vitreoretinalsurgeryforrhegmatogenousretinaldetachment(RRD).·METHODS:Inthisretrospectivestudy,49eyesof49consecutivepatientswhounderwentprimary23-Gtransconjunctivalsuturelessvitrectomy(TSV)forRRDbetweenJanuary2007andJuly2009atourinstitutionwereevaluated.·RESULTS:Meanfollow-uptimewas8.9±7.7months(1-28months).Retinalreattachmentwasachievedwithasingleoperationin47(95.9%)of49eyes.Intwoeyes(4.1%),retinalredetachmentduetonewbreakswassuccessfullytreatedwithreoperationusingthe23-GTSVsystem.MeanlogMARvisualacuitywas2.01±0.47preoperativelyand1.3±0.5postoperatively(P<0.001,Pairedt-test).Meanpreoperativeintraocularpressure(IOP)was14.1±2.8mmHg.MeanpostoperativeIOPwas12.3±3.6mmHgat1day,13.1±2.1mmHgat1week,14.3±2.2mmHgat1month.Iatrogenicperipheralretinalbreakwasobservedin1eye(2.0%)intraoperatively.Nosutureswererequiredtoclosethescleralorconjunctivalopenings,andnoeyesrequiredconvertionofsurgeryto20-Gvitrectomy.·CONCLUSION:Primary23-GTSVsystemwasobservedtobeeffectiveandsafeinthetreatmentofRRD.

  • 标签: PARS plana VITRECTOMY RETINAL DETACHMENT rhegmatogenous
  • 简介:<正>作者就21例(40侧)鼻窦内窥镜手术所取得初步经验总结如下。临床资料和手术方法21例中男15例,女6例。年龄21~76岁。筛窦(包括窦口鼻道复合体)息肉16例,上颌窦息肉5例。有1~3次鼻手术史5例。有不同程度嗅觉减退、脓涕多者8例。全部病例均有头胀痛、鼻塞症状。21例中行前组筛窦开放上颌窦根治17例(32侧)。全组筛窦开放+上颌窦根治4例(8侧)。术后1、3、6个月行鼻窦内窥镜复查,并清除残留或复发病变组织、分解粘连。

  • 标签: 窦口鼻道复合体 鼻窦内窥镜手术 病变组织 筛窦 经验总结 手术史
  • 简介:黄斑水肿是眼底疾病常见并发症,可发生在糖尿病视网膜病变、视网膜静脉阻塞、葡萄膜炎以及白内障等多种眼前后段疾病和内眼手术后。因其损害中心视功能造成严重视力障碍,且尚无好治疗方法而备受关注。黄斑水肿病因各异,其治疗首先应治疗原发病;此外,针对黄斑水肿,除了传统激光光凝等方法外,

  • 标签: 黄斑水肿 治疗方法 糖尿病视网膜病变 视网膜静脉阻塞 眼底疾病 常见并发症
  • 简介:泪道阻塞是眼科常见病,有先天性和后天性两大类,易发展为急,慢性泪囊炎,以手术治疗为主,目的是重建或恢复泪液引流通路,传统手术方面报道较多是泪囊鼻腔吻合术(EXT-DCR)虽然成功率可达85%,但在颜面部残留永久性疤痕,影响美容,非手术方法主要有:探通,置线,置管等,但只是简单解决问题,而且易致周围组织刺激,更容易形成粘连和疤痕使管腔再度阻塞。目前,虽然报道使用激光泪道成形术收到较好效果,泪道能够冲洗通畅,但部分仍有溢泪症状。近年来,随着内窥镜技术不断成熟,既微创又美观手术要求越来越高,因此,诸如鼻内窥镜下泪囊鼻腔吻合术(IECR)得以开展和创新。另外高分子材料及其它医疗器械不断更新和完善,其治疗手段有了长足进步。

  • 标签: 泪道阻塞 手术治疗 泪囊鼻腔吻合术 EXT-DCR 激光泪道成形术 慢性泪囊炎