简介：瞄准：为了建立老鼠乙醇胃炎，当模特儿，我们在胃的mucosa上评估了乙醇的效果并且在导致乙醇的长期的胃炎上学习了geranylgeranylacetone的预防效果。方法：100只男Sprague-Dawley老鼠随机被划分成4个相等的组：正常控制组，经历正常的胃的灌注盐(NS)由gastrogavage；为控制组和为4wk由gastrogavage与乙醇(有56%乙醇内容的精华精神)经历了胃的灌注的2个模型治疗组建模。geranylgeranylacetone的低或高的剂量被增加，在在2模型治疗的乙醇灌注前的1h组织NS的一样的数量，而不是geranylgeranylacetone在那个模型控制组被使用。老鼠然后被牺牲，胃被移开。胃的mucosa的损害水平被光和电子观察前列腺素2的显微镜学，和层次，endothelin-1(ET-1)和氮的氧化物(PGE2)(没有)被放射性免疫测定和Griess方法测量。结果：胃的mucosal表皮的损坏分数(版本；4.5)并且溃疡索引(UI；12.0)模型控制，组比正常控制组的显著地高级(0和0分别地，所有P=0.000)。胃的mucosal版本和2个模型治疗组的UI(版本：2.5和2.0；UI：3.5和3.0)比模型控制组的显著地低(所有P<0.01)。低剂量、高剂量的模型治疗组之间没有统计上重要的差别。模型控制组的血浆ET-1的表达式值比正常控制组的高(P<0.01)并且2个模型治疗组(所有P<0.01)。胃的mucosalPGE2和浆液的表示价值不模型控制组是比正常控制组的那些低的(所有P<0.05)并且2个模型治疗组(所有P<0.05)。胃的有粘液的layerand的厚度在模型控制组的hexosamine内容在正常控制组是比那显著地低的(所有P<0.01)并且2个模型治疗组(所有P<0.05)。扫描并且传播电子显微镜学观察在模型控制组，显示出那上皮的连接是含糊的，细胞间的关节消失了，细胞内部的细胞器的损坏是比在正常控制组的那些显著地更

简介：Somediseasesotherthancardiacdiseasecanbe“prevented”,butthepurposeofthiscommunicationwrittenbyaclinicalcardiologist,notasapreventionspecialist,istofocusstrictlyoncardiovasculardisease.Thedefinitionofpreventivemedicineinsimplesttermsmeanskeepingyourpatienthealthy.Inadditiontomaintaininghealth,ofcourse,wewanttopreventthedisabilityassociatedwithcardiacdiseaseaswellasdeathintheyoungerperson.

简介：Mostofthespareorderingpoliciestreateduptonowhaveassumedthatpreventiveandcorrectivereplacementcostsareequal,whichimpliesinessentialthatthereisnosignificantneedforpreventivereplacement.Thispaperpresentsanorderingpolicyforpreventiveagereplacementwithminimalrepair.Introducingthereplacement,repair,inventoryholdingandshortagecosts,theexpectedcostrateisderived.Aproceduretodeterminejointlytheorderingtimeforaspareandthepreventivereplacementtimefortheoperatingunitsoastominimizetheexpectedcostrateisproposed.Toexplaintheorderingpolicyandtheoptimizationprocedure,anumericalexampleisalsoincluded.

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简介：Inthisstudy,weinvestigatedthepreventiveeffectsofaprobioticpreparation(MiyaBM)containingClostridiumbutyricumsporesagainstthesideeffectsofHelicobacterpylorieradication.Theratswereadministeredomeprazole,amoxicillinandclarithromycin,whichcombinationofdrugswasanewtriple-therapyproposedforthefirstlinetherapybytheguidelineofthetreatmentofH.pyloriinfectioninJapan.ObligateanaerobesandLactobacillusweredecreasedmarkedly,whileaerobeswereincreasedafterthethreedrugsadministration.Moreover,Clostridiumdifficilecausativeofantibioticassociateddiarrheawasisolatedfromfecesafterthe7th.AdministrationofMiyaBMdecreasedthenumberofC.difficileinthefecesandincreasedtheshortchainfattyacidsintheintestinalcontents.

简介：Aims:Thegoalofthepresentstudyistosummarizeourexperienceonsurgicalmanagementofretractionpockets(RP)asapreventivetoolagainstcholesteatomas.Methods:Twenty-fiveearshavebeenfollowedupforameanperiodof6.16±4.35years(from1to17years).Thesamplepresentedameanageof47.56±19.11years(from16to73years).Allpatientsunderwentcartilagegraftsurgery.Furthermore10(40%)underwenttympanoplasty(TPL)typeI,14(56%)TPLtypeIIand1(4%)TPLtypeV.Results:Elevenears(44%)showedcholesteatoma:allthesecaseswerestageIIIaccordingtoCharachonstaging,andstageIVorVaccordingtoGersdorffclassification.Twelvepatients(48%)showederosionoftheossicularchain.Ofthese,fivewereassociatedwithcholesteatomaandsevenonlywithretraction.Therecurrencerateofcholesteatomawas12%.NoneofthepatientswithastageIIorIIIRP(accordingtoGersdorffclassification)developedcholesteatoma.TherecurrenceofRPwas0%.Inregardstoliteraturereview,sevenreferenceswereselected.Thesestudiesshowedasuccessraterangingfrom79.1%to88%,whilerecurrencesofRPvariedfrom6.4%to13%.Onlyonestudyspecifiedarecurrencerateofcholesteatomaof28%.Conclusions:SurgicaltreatmentofstagesIIandIIIRPisaneffectivetooltopreventcholesteatomaformation.ThepresenceofkeratinaccumulationandcholesteatomaattheRP(stagesIVandV,accordingtoGersdorff)aretherealpredictorsofpoorprognosis.

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简介：Severeacutepancreatitis(SAP)cancausesystematicinflammatoryresponsesyndrome(SIRS),whichleadstoinjuryorfailureoftheinternalorgansandsystems.1Amongthem,acuterespiratorydistresssyndrome(ARDS)isasevereorfatalcomplication.Inthisarticle,theearlypreventivetreatmentforSAPcombinedwithlunginjureisstudied.

简介：1.IntroductionConductorgallopinghascausedmoreandmoredisturbancestothesecureoperationofpowersystemfrom1930untilnow.Al-thoughmanyauthorshavebeenstudyingitstheoryandpreventivemeasuresbywind-tunnelandfieldmodellingtestsandgettingsome

简介：MicroRNAs(miRNAs)areasetofnon-codingsmallRNAmoleculesthatplayacriticalroleinregulationofproteincodinggenesincells.MiRNAshavebeenextensivelystudiedasnovelbiomarkers,therapeutictargets,andnewdrugsinvarioushumandiseases.Breastcancerisaoneoftheleadingtumortypessignificantlyaffectingwomenhealthworldwide.Overthepastdecade,anumberofnaturalagents,suchaspaclitaxelandcurcumin,havebeenappliedfortreatmentandpreventionofbreastcancerduetotheirrelativelylowtoxicity.However,themechanismsofactionhavenotbeencompletelyunderstood.InvestigationonmiRNAsisabletopotentiallyprovideanovelinsightintobetterunderstandingtheanticanceractivitiesofthesenaturalproducts.GiventhatasinglemiRNAcantargetmultiplegenes,theoretically,thosegenesinvolvedinacertainphenotypecanbeclusteredwithoneorafewmiRNAs.Therefore,pleiotropicactivitiesofnaturalagentsshouldbeinterpretedbyinteractionsbetweenselectedmiRNAsandtheirtargets.Inthisreview,wesummarizethelatestpublicationsrelatedtothealterationsofmiRNAsbytwonaturalagents(paclitaxelandcurcumin)thatarecurrentlyusedininterventionofbreastcancer,andconcludethatthemechanisminvolvingtheregulationofmiRNAexpressionisoneofthekeystounderstandpleiotropicactivitiesofnaturalagents.

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简介：AbstractBackground:Tuberculosis (TB) prevention through the use of preventive treatment is a critical activity in the elimination of TB. In multiple settings, limited staffing has been identified as a barrier to managing preventive treatment for TB contacts. This study aims to determine how health center staffing, service type, and TB caseload affects implementation of isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) for TB contacts in southern Lima.Methods:We conducted an ecological study in 2019 in southern Lima, Peru. Through the review of medical records, we identified contacts of TB patients who initiated IPT during 2016-2018, and who were 0-19 years old, the age group eligible for IPT according to Peruvian guidelines. We assessed bivariate associations between health center characteristics (numbers of physicians and nurses, types of services available, annual TB caseload) and IPT initiation and completion using binomial logistic regression.Results:Among 977 contacts, 69% took more than a week to start IPT and 41% did not complete IPT. For those who successfully completed IPT, 58% did not complete full medical follow-up. There was no significant difference in IPT completion or adherence based on whether health centers had more physicians and nurses, more comprehensive services, or higher TB caseloads. Among contacts, female sex was associated with delay in initiating IPT (P = 0.005), age 5-19 years old was associated with completion of IPT (P = 0.025) and age < 5 years old was associated with completion of clinical evaluations (P = 0.041).Conclusions:There are significant gaps in IPT implementation in health centers of southern Lima, Peru, but insufficient staffing of health centers may not be responsible. Further research is needed to identify how IPT implementation can be improved, potentially through improving staff training or monitoring and supervision.

简介：Thisreviewaimsatevaluatingtheexistingevidenceregardingpostreperfusionsyndrome,providingadescriptionofthepathophysiologicmechanismsinvolvedandpossiblemanagementandpreventivestrategies.APubMedsearchwasconductedusingtheMeSHdatabase,＂Reperfusion＂AND＂livertransplantation＂werethecombinedMeSHheadings;EMBASEandtheCochranelibrarywerealsosearchedusingthesameterms.52relevantstudiesandoneongoingtrialwerefound.Theconceptofpostreperfusionsyndromehasevolvedthroughyearstoamultisystemicdisorder.Theimplicationsofthemainorgan,recipientandprocedurerelatedfactorsinthegenesisofthiscomplexsyndromearediscussedinthetextasthenovelpharmacologicandtechnicalapproachestoreduceitsincidence.Howevertheavailableevidenceaboutriskfactors,physiopathologyandpreventivemeasuresisstillconfusing,thepresenceoftwomaindefinitionsandthenumerosityofpossibleconfoundingfactorsgreatlycomplicatestheinterpretationofthestudies.

简介：Osteoporosisisametabolicskeletaldisorderleadingtobonefracturewhichadverselyimpactsthequalityoflife.Inthepresent,weaimedtoinvestigatetheeffectofPeperomiapellucida(L.)Kunthherbjuiceandethanolicextractonovariectomy(OVX)-inducedosteoporoticratmodel.OsteoporosiswasinducedbyOVXwithadoubledorsolateralapproachonfemaleWistarrats.FemaleWistarratsundergoingshamsurgeries(sham-controlgroup)servedascontrols.Theovariectomizedratsweredividedintosixgroupsbasedonadministeredtreatments,(i)CMCNa0.3%(OVX-controlgroup),(ii)standarddrug(ethynilestradiol4.5μg/kg),(iii)P.pellucidajuiceatdoseof50mg/kg,and(iv)100mg/kg,(v)P.pellucidaethanolicextractatdoseof50mg/kg,and(vi)100mg/kg.Treatmentswerestarted1weekafterthesurgeriesandlastedfor6weeks.Ratstreatedwith100mg/kgP.pellucidaethanolextracthadsignificantlydecreasedserumALPlevelandreducedexcretionofurinecalciumcomparedwiththeOVX-controlgroup(P<0.05).Theselevelswerenotsignificantlyalteredwhencomparedwiththesham-controlgroup(P<0.05).Furthermore,100mg/kgethanolicextract-treatedgroupshowedimprovementonthree-dimensionalimageofthetrabecularbonecomparedwiththeOVX-controlgroup.Trabecularcavityformationin100mg/kgethanolicextract-treatedgroupwasminimal.EthanolicextractofPeperomiapellucida(L.)Kunthherbsatadoseof100mg/kghadpreventiveeffectonOVX-inducedosteoporoticrats.

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简介：Administrationofautoantigencanbeofvalueforpreventionofautoimmunediabetesandithasbeenspeculatedthatthecontrolpointofdendriticcells(DC)fortheinductionofperipheraltoler-ancemaybehighlyrelevant.WeexaminedthepropertiesofDCassociatedwithimmunesuppressioninNODmicebyinsulininjectionsubcutaneouslyandtheirabilitytosuppressdiabetestransferbydiabeto-geniceffectorcellsinsecondaryNOD-SCIDrecipients.OurdatashowedthatthesurfaceexpressionsofMHCⅡandCD86onNOD-derivedDCwereincreasedafterinsulintreatmentcomparedwiththoseonPBScontrolledmice.ThedendriticcellswithamaturephenotypeandincreasedMLRstimulationadop-tivelytransferredimmunetolerogeniceffectsonsecondaryNOD-SCIDmice,whichwereassociatedwithsignificantlygreaterIL-10,TGF-betaproductionandCD4~+CD25~+TdifferentiationfromsplenocytescomparedwithNOD-SCIDcontrolrecipients.Moreover,treatmentwithDCremarkablydecreasedtheincidenceofdiabetesinsecondaryrecipients.TheseresultssuggestthatasubtypeofDCgeneratedbyinsulinsubcutaneoustreatedNODmiceconferspotentialprotectionagainstdiabetesthroughpolarizingtheimmuneresponsetowardsaTh2regulatorypathway.

简介：DuringtwoyearsoddperiodfromDec.1987toFeb.1990,therehadbeenrepeatedlypollution-flashoverfailuresonour500kVtransmissionlines,resultinginawidescopeblackout.Therewereeleven500kVlinesaltogetherinNorth-east,EastandNorthChinapowergrids,wherepollution-flashoverfailureshappenedoneafteranotheron36transmissionlinetowers(poles).Since500kVtransmissionlinesarethemaintrunksofhighvoltage

简介：BackgroundTheregulationoft-PAgeneistheessenceandcoreofthrombosis.Therefore,thepresentstudyaimedtopreparenanot-PAgenecoatedstentandtoobserveitseffectoncoronarystentthrombosisindogs.MethodsHighlyexpressedt-PAgeneplasmidwasconstructedandalbuminnanot-PAgenecoatingstentwasprepared.Themajorbranchvesselsofdogcoronaryarterywerepre-expandedwitha3.0mm×20balloonwith8-10atmosphericpressure.10dogsofthecontrolgroupwereimplantedwithbaremetalstent;while12dogsoftheexperimentalgroupwereimplantedwithnanot-PAgenecoatingstent.Bothgroupswerenotgivenanti-coagulationtreatments.Bloodsamplesweretakenfort-PAandD-dimerbeforetheoperation,at1,2,4and8weeksafteroperation.Pathologicalanalysisfoundthrombosisinthecavityandthehyperplasiaoftheintima.t-PAexpressionwasdetectedbyimmunohistochemicalindirectly,andthethicknessoftheintimaofthesectioncrosswasdirectlymeasuredbymorphometry.Liver,heart,kidneysandlungweretakenforpathologicalobservation.ResultsAllexperimentalanimalssurvivedatpostoperative8weeks.Vascularstentthrombosiswasseenin10casesofthecontrolgroupwiththethrombosisrateof100%;whilewasseenin2casesamong12casesoftheexperimentalgroupwiththethrombosisratewas16.67%(P=0.00087).Immunohistochemicalstainingshowedthatthepositivet-PAgenetransfectionoftheexperimentalgroupwasmainlydistributedonthesurfaceofhyperplasiaintima,andvascularwallt-PAexpressionofthecontrolgroupwasnegative.Positivet-PAsignalwasnotfoundintheliver,heart,kidneysandlung.ConclusionNanot-PAgenevectorcoatingstentcaneffectivelyexpresst-PAinvascularwallandeffectivelypreventsstentthrombosis.