简介：Abstract:ChlamydiaTrachomatis(C.T.)isoneofthemostcommonpathogensofhumansexuallytransmitteddiseases.TreatmentofC.T.infectionprimarilydependsonTetracyclines,MacrolidesandQuinolones,butwiththewideuseofantibioticsanincreasingnumberofdrug-resistantChlamydiatrachomatiscaseshavebeenreported.ThisreviewsummarizestheresistantconditionsandthepossibleresistancemechanismsofC.T..

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简介：Objectives:ToevaluatetheVidasChlamydia(CHL)assayfordetectingC.Trachomatiswithswabsandfirstcatchurine(FCU)specimensfromSTDpatientsandhighriskpopulations.Methods:Atotalof383patientsweretestedwithtissueculture(TC),VidasCHLandpolymerasechainreaction(PCR)forC.trachomatisonmaleandfemaleswabs,withVidasCHLtestingmaleFCUspecimens.CHLpositiveandequivocalresultswereconfirmedwithablockingassay(CHB).TruepositiveweredefinedaseitherTCpositive,orTCnegtivebutCHLandPCRpositive.TheperformanceofTC,CHLandPCRwereevaluatedaccordingtothisexpandedgoldstandard.Results:Comparedwiththeexpandedgoldstandard,54ofthe232malespecimensweretruepositiveresults.Formaleswabs,TC,CHLandPCRhadsensitivitiesof90.7%,96.3%and94.4%,andspecificitiesof100%,98.3%and97.2%,respectively.Differenceswerenotstatisticallysignificant.FormaleFCUspecimens,CHLsensitivityandspecificitywere83.3%and98.3%;therewaslittledifferencebetweentheseresultsandthatofmatchedswabs.Comparedwiththeexpandedgoldstandard,28ofthe151femaleswabsweretruepositive;TC,CHLandPCRhadsensitivitiesof82.1%,100%and96.4%,andspecificitiesof100%,98.4%and97.6%,respectively.Thedifferencewasalsonotsignificant.Conclusions:VidasCHLassayisverysensitiveandspecificforC.trachomatisdetectionwithswabspecimensofmaleandfemaleSTDpatients.FormaleFCUspecimens,theassayalsohadhighsensitivityandspecificity.CHBmaynotbeneededintheroutinedetectionofChlamydiainfections.PopulationswithhigherincidenceofC.trachomatisinfection.

简介：Objective:ToestablisharapidandsimpleassayforthediagnosisofChlamydiatrachomatis(CT)infection.MethodsBALB/cmicewereimmunizedwithSDS-PAGEpurifiedmajoroutermembraneprotein(MOMP)fromCTandthemonoclonalantibodieswereobtainedsubsequently.Two-siteELISAwasdevelopedtodetectCTinfection.Results:Theestablishedassaywasabletodetectaslowas1.248ug/mlMOMPwithinterrunandinrunCV6.9%and3.1%respectively.94%(34/36)ofculture-positivesampleswerefoundtobepositiveinthecurrentexamination,indicatingthehighsensitivityofthisassay.Conclusion:TheassayisapplicableforclinicaldiagnosisofCTinfection.

简介：ToinvestigatetheexpressionlevelsofthreeDsbproteingenes,dsbB,dsbDanddsbG,atdifferenttimepointspostC.trachomatisinfection,mousefibroblast12cellswerechosentobeinfectedwithC.trachomatisserovarFstrainF/IC-Cal-13.C.trachomatiselementarybody(EB)-infected12cellswereharvestedimmediatelyafterEBattachmentontothecellsandevery4hourspostinfection(hpi)till44hpifortotalRNApreparation.RT-PCRassayswerethenemployedtoamplifycDNAwithprimerpairswhicharespecifictoC.trachomatisdsbgenesdsbB,dsbD,dsbGandtufArespectively.Therela-tiveexpressionlevelsofDsbproteingeneswereevaluatedascDNAratiosofgenedsbtogenetufA.OurresultsshowedthatthetranscriptionofdsbGstartedfrom12hpiandgraduallyincreasedtill44hpi.ThetranscriptionofdsbBanddsbDweredetectedat16hpiandreachedtheirpeaksat28hpiand24-28hpi,respectively.Moreover,therewasobvioustranscriptionofdsbBatthelaterstage(44hpi),butnonefordsbDatthistimepoint.WecametotheconclusionthattheexpressionlevelsofthethreeDsbproteingenesaredifferentduringthedevelopmentalcycleofC.trachomatist.Theymayplayaroleinmid-to-latestageofthedevelopmentalcycleofC.trachomatis.

简介：Objectives:TofindoutthelevelandfunctionsofChlamydiatrachomatisheatshockprotein(C-hsp60)antibody,anti-spermantibody(ASAb),interleukin1(IL-1),interleukin6(IL-6),interleukin8(IL-8),Tumornecrosisfactoralpha(TNF-α)andγ-interferon(IFN-γ/)inpatientswithCT-relatedinfertility.Methods:CT-DNAofcervicalsecretionswasdetectedthroughpolymerasechainreaction(PCR)andmigrationinhibitingfactor(MIF)wasemployedtomeasureIgGtitreofCTMOMPantibody.WesternblotwasusedtodeterminepresenceofC-hsp60antibodyandenzyme-linkedimmunoadsorbentassay(ELISA)measuredASAbofIgGtypeinbloodserumanddeterminethecontentofIL-1,IL-6,IL-8.TNF-u,IFN-7inuterinetubefluid.Results:68patientshadpositiveCT-DNA,amongwhich57(83.8%)hadC-hsp60antibody.Amongthe172patientswithnegativeCT-DNA,64patients(37.2%)alsohadC-hsp60Antibody.Therewasasignificantdifference(P<0.01)betweeninfertilepatientsandcontrolgrouppatientsinthepresenceofASAb.InfertilepatientswithpositiveCT-DNAhadhigherlevelsofIL-1.IL-6.IL-8,TNF-u,IFN-7inuterinetubefluidcomparedtocontrolgrouppatients(P<0.01).Conclusion:Firstly,thosepatientswithnegativeCTtestingfromcervicalsecretionscannotberuledoutforCTinfectionindeeppartsofthebody(suchasoviduct,pelvickidney).DetectionofC-hsp60AntibodymayhelptodiagnosesuchcasesofCT.Secondly,CTinfectionoftheoviductcanraiselevelsofIL-1、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α、N-γ.ThepathogenesisofinfertilitycausedbyCTinfectioninthereproductivetractmayberelatedtocytokineproductionandinflammatoryresponsesmediatedbyC-hsp60Antibody,IL-1,IL-6,IL-8,TNF-αandIFN-γ.

简介：Objective:Toconstructarecombinantplasmidcontainingtheoutermembraneprotein2(Omp2)geneofChlamydiatrachomatisandexpressOmp2inE.coli.Methods:Theomp2geneofC.trachomatisserovarDwasclonedintopQE30vectorfollowingPCRamplificationfromgenomicDNA.E.coliM15transformantswereinducedtoexpressthefusionproteinbyIPTGandtheproductwasidentifiedbySDS-PAGEandWesternblot.Results:ConfirmedbyenzymecleavageanalysisandDNAsequencing,acorrectrecombinantplasmidpQE30/omp2wasconstructed.Thefusionproteinfromthetransformantswasapproximately60kDainsizeinSDS-PAGEanalysis,whichcouldspeciallyreactwithanti-6×HismousemonoclonalIgGantibodies.Conclusion:WesuccessfullyexpressedOmp2inE.coilM15,providinganefficientandsimplesystemforassayingtheimmunologicalpropertiesofOmp2.

简介：Objective:ToinvestigatethetransmissionratioandepidemiologyofChlamydiatrachomatis(Ct)andUreaplasmaurealyticum(Uu)betweenregularsexualpartners.Methods:Wecollectedsecretionspecimensofgeni-tourinarytractfromsexualpartnerswhoattendedourclinicduringtheperiodfromMay1,1999toMay31,2000andthendetectedCtandUuinthespecimens.Results:TheinconsistentrateofCtandUuinfectedbetweensexualpartnerswas59.22%and38.92%respectively.Therewerenocorrelationsbetweenpa-tients'ageandtheinconsistentrateofCtandUuin-fected(P>0.05).Themostcommoninconsistencybe-tweenregularpartnerswasseeninmanwithCtinfec-tionwhileinfemalewithUuinfection;andinmanwithconcurrentinfectionofCtwhileinfemaleonlywithUu;orinmanwithCtinfectionwhileinfemalenoCtandUuweredetected.Conclusion:ThesexualtransmittingabilityofCtandUuisnotasactiveaswehaveexpected.

简介：Object:Toinvestigatetherelationshipbetweenchlamydiatrachomatis(CT)andurogenitalinfection.Method:PositiverateofCTinpatientswithinflammationofurogenitaltractwassignificantlyhigherthanthosewithoutinflammation(P<0.05).Result:Therewasstatisticaldifferenceinthemalesnomattertheywerepatientswithinflammationofurogenitaltractornot(P>0.05),whiletherewasnostatisticaldifferenceinfemales(P>0.05).Theincidenceoftheinfectionwashighamongthoseagingfrom21-50yearsold.Conclusion:TheclinicalmanifestationsofCTinfectionwereobscure,soweshouldexamineCTinpatientswhohavenosymptoms,especiallyinfemalesandthoseofhigh-riskpopulation.

简介：Objective:TodirectionallyclonetheomplgenefromChlamydiatrachomatis(Ct)FGenotypeontoaplasmidvectorforconstructingarudimentaryDNAvaccine.Methods:ThecompleteomplgenefromgenomicDNAofCtFgenotypewildspecieswasamplifiedwithprimersdesignedbycomputer.Therecombinantgenewasobtainedbyrestrictionenzymecutting,linkingthegenewiththeplasmidvectorinvitro,transformingtherecombinantgeneintobacteria,andextractingtheDNAfromthebacteria.Results:DNAextractingfromthebacteriawascomposedoftheimplgeneandplasmid,whichisidentifiedbythreemethodsofsingularrestrictiveenzymecutting,doublerestrictiveenzymecuttingandPCR.Conclusion:CloningoftheomplgenefromtheCtFgenotypemeansthatarudimentaryDNAvaccinewassuccessfullyconstructed.

简介：Tocloneandconstructtherecombinantplasmidcontainingthemajoroutermembraneprotein(MOMP)geneofChlamydiatrachomatis(C.trachomatis)andtoexpressthefusionproteininE.coliBL21,theMOMPgenewasamphfiedbypolymerasechainreaction(PCR)fromgenomeofC.trachomatisserovarD.ThefragmentwasclonedintotheprokaryoticexpressionvectorpET-22b(+)afterdigestionwithBamHⅠandNotⅠandtransformedintoE.coliXL1-Blue.RecombinantswereselectedbyenzymedigestionandsequencingandtherecombinantplasmidwithMOMPgenewasthentransformedintoE.coliBL21withIPTGtoexpressthetargetgene.TheexpressionrecombinantproteinswerepurifiedbyNi-NTAaffinitychromatography,andidentifiedbySDS-PAGEandWesternblot.Itwasfoundthata1.2kbMOMPgenewasisolated.TheDNAsequenceofMOMPwasfoundtobejustthesameasthesequencepublishedbyGenBank.ArecombinantplasmidcontainingMOMPgenewasconstructedtoexpressthefusionproteinsinE.coli.SDS-PAGEanalysisshowedthattherelativemolecularweightoftherecombinantproteinwasabout47kDathatwasconsistentwiththetheoreticalpredictedvalue,andthespecificityoftheexpressedproteinwasconformedbyWesternblot.ItconcludedthattheMOMPgenecouldbeexpressedintheprokaryoticsystem,bywhichitprovidedthefoundationforthefuturestudiesonthebiologicalactivitiesofC.trachomatisandforthedevelopmentofvaccineagainstthispathogen.

简介：Objective:Tocomparethesensitivityandspecificityofthecervical/urethralswabswithvoidedurinespecimensforthedetectionofgenitourinarytractinfectionwithChlamydiatrachomatisanddeterminewhetherurinespecimenscanreplacethecervical/urethralswabsindetectionofC.trachomatis.Methods:Thematchedcervical/urethralswabsandvoidedurinespecimenswerecollectedfrom569patientsofSTDclinics.Polymerasechainreaction(PCR)assayspecificforC.trachomatisplasmidDNAandrapidantigentesting(Clearviewassay)wasusedtodetectC.trachomatis.Standardcriteriathatdefined""""true""""positiveincluded:1)positivePCRresultsbothincervical/urethralswabandvoidedurinespecimenor2)positivevoidedurineresultsbothbyPCRassayandclearviewtestor3)positiveresultsinbothPCRassayofcervical/urethralswabandclearviewtestofvoidedurine.Forstatisticalanalysis,thechi-squaretestwasused.Results:TheprevalenceofC.trachomatisinpatientswithsymptomswas12.1%(28/231)inwomenand10.4%(10/96)inmen,withnosignificantdifferencebetweenthem(x^2=0.21,P>0.05).TheprevalenceofC.trachomatisinpatientswithnosymptomswas11.0%(11/100)inwomenand15.5%(22/142)inmen,withasignificantdifferenceexistingbetweenthem.(x^2=4.0,P<0.05).Nosignificantdifference(P>0.05)existedbetweenPCRtestingofswabs(sensitivity87.3%;specificity99.2%)andPCRtestingofurine(sensitivity88.7%;specificity98.8%).Asforclearviewassay,sensitivitywas60.6%andspecificitywas100%.Conclusions:PCRassayissuperiortoclearviewindetectingC.trachomatis.AlthoughbothPCRtestingofswabsandPCRtestingofurinespecimensbothhavehighsensitivityandspecificity,urinespecimentestingismorecost-effective,practicalandnoninvasive.ThusurinespecimenscantaketheplaceoftheswabsinPCRtestingforchlamydia.

简介：Objective:Todetecttheinhibitionofurogenitalchlamydiatrachomatis(CT)by12traditionalChinesemedicinesinvitro.Methods:TheinhibitionofCTisolatesbythesemedicineswasdetectedbymicro-culturetechniquewithMcCoycellsinvitro.Results:AllthediuretictraditionalChinesemedicinesinhibitedurogenitalCT.Theminimuminhibitoryconcentrations(MICs)rangedfrom0.122mgml^-1to62.5mgml^-1.DiathussuperbusL.,Poriacocos(Shcw.)Woft,Polyporusumbellatus(Pers.)Fries,andArtemisiacapillariesThunbshowedstrongerinhibitionthantheothereighttraditionalChinesemedicines.Thenumbersandsizesofinclusionsbodiesreducedgraduallyanddisappearedfinallywiththeincreaseoftheconcentrations.Conclusion:Allthe12diuretictraditionalChinesemedicinesinhibitedurogenitalCT.

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简介：Summary:RiskfactorsforgenitourinaryChlamydiatrachomatis(Ct)infectionwereinvestigatedusinganSTDrelativeriskfactorquestionnaireamong176patientsandtheirregularsexualpartners.Twenty-fourindependentvariableswereselectedforanalysis,nineofwhichwereconfirmedasfactorsassociatedwithC.trachomatis.Fouroftheninefactorsweresignificantlycorrelatedtoinfectionusingamultifactorialunconditionallogisticregressionmodelwhichincluded:levelofeducation(oddsratios[ORs]:2.144forbelowjuniormiddleschool),numberofsexualpartners(ORs:4.503for≥5),numberofregularpartner'ssexualpartner(ORs:16.333for≥5),STDhistoryofregularpartner(ORs:18.417fortheirSTDhistory).Thesedatademonstratethatregularpartner'ssexualbehaviorsarealsoanimportantriskfactorforCtinfectionamong,STDclinicclients.

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简介：AIM:TodeterminetheassociationbetweenchlamydialconjunctivitisandgenitalinfectionbyChlamydiatrachomatis,MycoplasmagenitaliumandCandidaalbicans,inadditiontothepossiblerelationshipbetweenculturedbacterialpathogensandoculogenitalchlamydialinfection.METHODS:Thisstudywasperformedon100(50symptomaticand50asymptomatic)womenattendingtheGynecologicalandObstetricoutpatientclinicofAlzahrahospital,AlazharUniversity.Simultaneouslyaconjunctivalswabwastakenfromthesepatients.Polymerasechainreaction(PCR)wasdoneonDNAextractedfrombothvaginalandconjunctivalswabsamples.Cultureforbothvaginalandconjunctivalswabswasalsodone.RESULTS:Candidaalbicanswasthepredominantorganismisolatedbyculturein20%and40%ofconjunctivalandvaginalswabsrespectively.BythePCRmethod,ocularChlamydiatrachomatiswaspresentin60%ofsymptomaticwomen,whilegenitalChlamydiatrachomatisinfectionwaspresentin30%ofsymptomaticwomen.Theresultsofthismethodalsoindicatedthat25/50(50%)vaginalswabswerepositivewithPCRforCandidaalbicansversus15/50(30%)werePCRpositiveinconjunctivalswab.Mycoplasmagenitaliumwaspresentinonly10%ofvaginalswabs.ConcomitantoculogenitalPCRpositiveresultsforChlamydiatrachomatisandCandidaalbicanswere30%and28%respectively.CONCLUSION:OcularChlamydiatrachomatiswasassociatedwithgenitalChlamydiatrachomatisinahighpercentageofwomenfollowedbyCandidaalbicans.CulturedbacterialorganismsdonotplayaroleinenhancementofChlamydiatrachomatisinfection.