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简介：BasedonAVISO(archiving,validationandinterpretationofsatellitedatainoceanography)datafrom1993to2010,QuikSCAT(QuickScatterometer)datafrom2000to2008,andArgodatafrom2003to2008,theinterannualvariabilityoftheGreatWhirl(GW)andrelatedmechanismsarestudied.ItshowsthattheoriginandterminationtimesoftheGW,aswellasitslocationandintensity,havesignificantinterannualvariability.TheGWappearedearliest(latest)in2004(2008)andvanishedearliest(latest)in2006(2001),withtheshortest(longest)durationin2008(2001).Itscenterwasmostsouthward(northward)in2007(1995),whiletheminimum(maximum)amplitudeandareaoccurredin2003and2002(1997and2007),respectively.TheGWwasweakeranddisappearedearlierwithitslocationtendingtobeinthesouthwestin2003,whilein2005itwasstronger,vanishedlaterandtendedtobeinnortheast.TheabnormalyearswereoftennotthesameamongdifferentcharactersoftheGW,andwerenotallcoincidentwithENSO(ElNi?o-SouthernOscillation)orIOD(IndianOceanDipole)events,indicatingtheverycomplexnatureofGWvariations.MechanisminvestigationsshowsthattheinterannualvariabilityofintraseasonalwindstresscurlinGWregionresultsinthatoftheGW.ThegenerationoftheGWiscoincidentwiththearrivalofRossbywavesattheSomalicoastinspring;theintensityoftheGWisalsoinfluencedbyRossbywaves.TheterminationoftheGWcorrespondswelltothesecondoneofthetoptwopeaksinthebaroclinicenergyconversionrateinGWregion,andtheintensityandthepositionoftheGWarealsocloselyrelatedtothetoptwobaroclinicenergyconversionrates.

简介：Cancertreatmentssuchaschemotherapyandradiotherapyarewidelyusedtotreatprimaryandmetastaticcancers.Epidemiologicalstudieshavedemonstratedthatthesetypesoftreatmentcaneffectivelyandsuccessfullyextendthelifespanofcancerpatients,buttheyarealso

简介：Globalmitigativeandadaptiveeffortshavenotbeenabletoeffectivelyaddresstheadverseimpactscausedbyclimatechange.Therefore,adirectsolutionisneededtoaddressthesignificantresultinglossanddamage(L&D).DuringtheUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChangeheldinDohain2012,theissueofrespondingtoL&Darisingfromclimatechangegainedsuddentractionandbecameoneofthekeyissuesthataffectedtheoutcomeoftheconvention.Inthispaper,astudyonthedefinitionandconnotationsofL&Darisingfromclimatechangewasconducted,togetherwithananalysisofitsrelationshipwithrelatedconcepts,namelyimpacts,vulnerability,andrisks.ThisledtotheproposalofanL&Dconceptualmodelthatismorecomprehensive,withtherecognitionoftheneedtoaddresstheissuethrougheffectivesupplementationofexistingmitigativeandadaptiveefforts.AsystematicelaborationofanL&Dresponsemechanismwasmadebasedonpolitics,law,andthemarket,leadingtoapreliminarypresentationofapossibleformatforanL&Dmechanism.PotentialacademicresearchdirectionsforL&DwerealsoproposedthatcouldserveasreferencesfortheestablishmentofinternationalandnationalL&Dresponsemechanismsandrelatedresearch.

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简介：Sogatellafurcifera(Hovarth)是有性同种二形的一个主要米饭害虫。当前的研究的目的是在S的男、女的成年人在CCGG序列监视差别cytosinemethylation。furcifera将用methylation敏感的具象主义的差别分析决定在基因methylation和性显型之间的协会。在第二减少性的杂交以后，四个差别methylatedDNA乐队被获得并且定序。十不同碎片被发现。从积极杂交的一碎片是120bp，并且高度类似于从Nasoniavitripennis的tramtrack基因。从反向的杂交的另一碎片是414bp，并且对S的28SrRNA基因相应。有象99%一样高的类似率的furcifera。我们也讨论了tramtrack和28SrRNA基因的DNAmethylation怎么在性区别和开发上生产了效果。这些结果提供一些基因的DNAmethylation可能与在S的性显型变化有关的潜在的证据。furcifera和愿望在昆虫的epigenetic机制上便于未来研究性同种二形。

简介：详细土壤调查包含昂贵、费时间的工作并且要求专家知识。因为土壤调查提供信息满足大量需要，新方法是必要的快速并且精确地印射土壤。在这研究，多层的视感控器人工的神经网络(ANN)被开发单位使用印射土壤数字举起模型(DEM)属性。几最佳的ANN基于很多个输入数据被生产并且隐藏单位。途径使用了测试和确认区域计算插入内推并且外推的数据的精确性。结果证明采用的土壤分类的系统和水平在结果的精确性上有直接效果。在底层，更小的错误比土壤分类(圣)系统与世界引用库(世界佛教徙联谊会)分类标准被观察，但是当使用圣时，更多的土壤类能被预言(在圣的情况中的7土壤对5与世界佛教徙联谊会)。训练错误为当测试错误(插值错误)和确认错误(推测错误)分别地象50%和70%一样高时，模型使用了的所有ANN低于11%。是期望，用分类的高水平的土壤预言介绍了精确性的更好全面的水平。获得更好的预言除了DEM属性，与是的地形或岩性学有关的数据形成土壤的因素，应该被用作ANN输入数据。

简介：Gastrointestinaltoxicities(GIT),includingoralmucositis,nauseaandvomiting,anddiarrhea,arecommonsideeffectsofchemotherapyandtargetedagentsinpatientswithadvancedcolorectalcancerandpancreaticcancer.Beingoftenunderreported,itisstilldifficulttopreciselyestablishtheirburdenintermsofbothpatient’squalityoflifeandcancercarecosts.Moreover,withtheuseofmoreintensiveupfrontcombinationregimens,thefrequencyofthesetoxicitiesisrapidlygrowingwithapotentialnegativeeffectalsoonpatient’soutcome,asaresultofdosereductions,delaysorevendiscontinuationofactivetreatments.Thus,identifyingpatientsathigherriskofdevelopingGITaswellasanoptimalmanagementareparamountinordertoimprovepatient’scomplianceandoutcome.Afterthedescriptionofthemaintreatment-inducedGIT,wediscussthecurrentknowledgeonthepathophysiologyofthesesideeffectsandcommentthescalescommonlyusedtoassessandgradethem.WethenprovideacriticalupdateonGITincidencebasedontheresultsofkeyrandomizedtrialsconductedinpatientswithmetastaticcolorectalcancerandadvancedpancreaticcancer.

简介：AIM:ToelucidatethemolecularmechanismsunderlyinghepatitisBvirus(HBV)occultinfectionofgenotypeC.METHODS:Atotalof10typesofhepatitisBsurfaceantigen(HBsAg)variantsfromaKoreanoccultcohortwereused.AfteracompleteHBVgenomeplasmidmutatedsuchthatitdoesnotexpressHBsAgandplasmidencoding,eachHBsAgvariantwastransientlyco-transfectedintoHuH-7cells.ThesecretioncapacityandintracellularexpressionoftheHBVvirionsandHBsAgsintheirrespectivevariantswereanalyzedusingreal-timequantitativepolymerasechainreactionassaysandcommercialHBsAgenzyme-linkedimmunosorbentassays,respectively.RESULTS:AllvariantsexhibitedlowerlevelsofHBsAgsecretionintothemediumcomparedwiththewildtype.Inparticular,ineightofthetenvariants,verylowlevelsofHBsAgsecretionthatweresimilartothenegativecontrolweredetected.Incontrast,mostvariants(9/10)exhibitednormalvirionsecretioncapacitiescomparablewith,orevenhigherthan,thewildtype.ThisprovidednewinsightintotheintrinsicnatureofoccultHBVinfection,whichleadstoHBsAgsero-negativenessbuthashorizontalinfectivity.Furthermore,mostvariantsgeneratedhigherreactiveoxidativespeciesproductionthanthewildtype.ThisfindingprovidespotentiallinksbetweenoccultHBVinfectionandliverdiseaseprogression.CONCLUSION:ThepresentlyobtaineddataindicatethatdeficiencyinthesecretioncapacityofHBsAgvariantsmayhaveapivotalfunctionintheoccultinfectionsofHBVgenotypeC.

简介：AIM:ToevaluatethehighsensitivityC-reactiveprotein(hsCRP),Fetuin-Aandmatrixγ-carboxyglutamateprotein(MGP)asthemainfactorsforvascularcalcificationandinflammationinserumofpatientswithadvancedage-relatedmaculardegeneration(ARMD)incomparisontohealthycontrols.METHODS:Thesubjectswere40patientswithchoroidalneovascularization(CNV)havingameanageof70.9±9.1yandamatchedgroupof49apparentlyhealthycontrolsubjects.TheARMDwasdiagnosedusingaslitlampwithsuperfieldlens,fundusphotographyandfluoresceinangiography.MeasurementofhsCRPwasdonebynephelometrymethod.LevelsofFetuin-AandMGPweremeasuredbyenzyme-linkedimmunosorbentassay(ELISA)technique.RESULTS:hsCRP[0.45(0.07-2.63)mg/Lvs0.25(0.03-1.2)mg/L,P=0.02)]andFetuin-Alevels(50.27±5.04vs44.99±10.28ng/mL,P=0.009)werehigherinthepatientsthaninthecontrolgroups.WecouldnotfindsignificantdifferenceinMGPlevelbetweentwogroups(P=0.08).TherewasnotasignificantcorrelationbetweenMGPwithFetuin-AandhsCRPamongthepatients(P=0.7,P=0.9respectively).AsignificantnegativecorrelationofhsCRPwithFetuin-Awasobservedinbothcaseandcontrolgroups(P=0.004,r=-0.33andP=0.001,r=-0.54,respectively).CONCLUSION:AlthoughourstudyshowsthatserumhsCRPandFetuin-AisincreasedinCNVpatientsaswellasnegativelycorrelatedwithbothstudygroups,theirdirectroleonpathogenesisofARMDrequiredfuturestudies.

简介：为绿粪肥被栽培的钩子庄稼在改进土壤性质起一个重要作用。一个3年的地实验被进行调查钩子庄稼的效果(豌豆，PisumsativumL.)管理，即，在10月/11月(秋天)和三月(春天)的钩子庄稼的加入，并且没有钩子庄稼(控制)，在土壤上器官的碳(SOC)，微生物引起的生物资源碳(MBC)和碳(C)周期酶，包括的绗维素酶(Cel)，-glucosidase(Glu)和转化酶(Inv)的活动。另外，玷污全部的氮(TN)和pHKCl被调查。钩子庄稼每年在20082010期间从8月被栽培到10月。土壤样品从在钩子庄稼以后被种了的春天大麦(HordeumvulgareL.)的地被收集。为微生物引起的活动决心的土壤样品在2009，2010和2011在三月，5月，6月和8月被拿，当SOC和TN象pH一样满足KCl在三月和8月被决定。性质学习了的化学药品没显示出由试验性的因素影响了的重要变化。钩子庄稼的使用显著地与控制相比增加了MBC内容和C周期酶的活动。当钩子庄稼在春天被合并时，一个显著地更高的MBC内容与秋天加入相比在三月和5月被注意。而且，钩子庄稼的春天加入显著地增加了Glu活动(除了三月)，当时象基础呼吸通常是的土壤的率一样的Cel和Inv的活动未受影响等到钩子庄稼加入。在钩子的更大的微生物引起的生物资源和更高的酶活动与控制相比，当绿粪肥能被推荐为一种有希望的技术增加土壤的生物活动，对待庄稼的土壤显示钩子的申请收割。因为没有重要效果或没有一致结果与钩子庄稼加入的时间有关被获得，春天和秋天应用能被推荐为一个管理工具在随后的庄稼的生长期间改进土壤性质的地位。

简介：Purpose:Thisstudywastoinvestigatetheassociationbetweenulnarvariance(UV)andbiologicalandtrainingcharacteristics,handgrip,andwristpaininagroupof23Portugueseskeletallyimmaturemalegymnasts(aged11.22.5years).Methods:LeftandrightUVwasobtainedusingHafner'sprocedureandskeletalagewasdeterminedbytheTannereWhitehouse3-method.AnegativemeanvalueforUVmeasureswasobserved(2.4to3.6mm)withoutsignificantdifferenceswithincreasingage-category(p=0.09top=0.48).SignificantlowcorrelationswereobservedbetweensomeUVparametersandstature,fatpercentage,yearsoftraining,andlefthandgripstrength.Results:TengymnastsreportedwristpainwithgradualonsetandUVvalueswereverysimilarbetweenpainlessandpainfulwrists.Conclusion:ThefindingsofthisstudydonotdirectlysupportthethesisthatgymnasticstrainingandbiologicalvariablesorwristpainareassociatedwithUV.

简介：象Wolbachia那样的繁殖寄生虫在节肢动物之中是极其普遍的并且能在他们的主人的繁殖和健康上有大影响。未被发现的感染能因此使集中于繁殖隔离的主人行为，复制，健康，和度的方面的大量研究的结果惊讶。这个潜在的问题被有货模型系统果蝇melanogaster的调查Wolbachia感染的发生的工作已经加重了。这里，我们调查进一步通常使用的模型节肢动物的实验室股票的一个范围，特别集中于面粉甲壳虫Triboliumcastaneum和Triboliumconfusum，豇豆象鼻虫Callosobruchusmaculatus和相关种类(翘目：Tenebrionidae和Bruchidae)。这些种类是普遍的存储了产品害虫因此有共生者的感染的知识进一步在通知biocontrol措施有潜在的使用。甲壳虫与3个已知的微生物引起的繁殖寄生虫为感染被估计：Wolbachia，立克次休属微生物，Spiroplasma。有一些这些微生物的感染在一些股票学习了的实验室被发现，尽管全面感染是相对稀罕的。多半在这些或另外的种类和以前的研究的类型发现感染最被假装的后果被讨论。

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