简介：Eightsetsofcoastalacoustictomography(CAT)systemsweredeployedduringNovember29toDecember10,2002atthecoastsonbothsidesofTokyoBaytomeasuretidalcurrentstructuresat15-mininterval.SoundtransmissionacrosstheTokyoBay(betweenYokohamaandChiba)wassuccessfullytraced,evenundersevereinterferencefromshipgeneratedwakesandbubbles.Tidalcurrentfieldschangingfromnorthwardtosouthwardflowarewellreconstructedbytheinverseanalysisoftravel-timedifferencedataforaperiodwiththebestsoundtransmissioncondition.ItissuggestedthattheCATisthemostpowerfultooltocontinuouslymaptidalcurrentfieldsinthecoastalseaswithheavyshippingtrafficandfisheriesactivity.

简介：Usingmeteorologicaldataoffieldobservationin1990～2000,especiallypolarorbithighresolutionNOAAsatellitecloudmapsreceivedfromtheAntarcticexpeditionvesselsince1997,theformationanddevelopmentofthePrydzBaycyclonearestudiedinthispaper.Somenewviewpointsaresuggestedsuchas:whensurround-polarcycloneentersthePrydzBay,itcanalsointensifyanddevelopinsummer;cyclonecanalsodevelopintheeasterliesinthisbay.TheseviewpointsreviseolduncompleteviewpointthatthePrydzBayisaburialgroundofcyclone,andalsofurtherconsummateformation-developmenttheoryofsurround-cycloneintheAntarcticwesterliesandcycloneintheAntarcticeasterlies.Inthispaper,themechanismofice-air-seainteractioninthePrydzBayisstudied,andthephysicalprocessofcycloneformation-developmentisexplained.Byuseofwhollydynamictransportationmethod,anenergyexchangecaseofacyclone,whichexplosivelydevelopedafterenteringthePrydzBay,iscalculated.Intheopenwaterarea,momentumfluxis-2.205N/m2,sensibleheatfluxis486.69W/m2,andlatentheatfluxis261.84W/m2.ItislargerthanvaluesofwesterliesburstoverthePacific.Theheattransferredfromoceantoatmosphereinformofsensibleandlatentheatpromotescyclonedevelopmentrapidly.Inthiscasewindforcewasasstrongas12grade,with10minutesaveragewindspeedof38m/s,andinstantaneouswindspeedof100m/swhichbrokethewindspeedrecordof96m/sintheAntarctic(WendlerandKodama).

简介：AcomprehensivefieldstudyhasbeenundertakentoinvestigatesedimentresuspensiondynamicsintheMoretonBay,alargesemi-enclosedbaysituatedinSouthEastQueensland,Australia.Aninstrumentedtripod,whichhousedthreecurrentmeters,threeOBSsensorsandoneunderwatervideocamera,wasusedtocollectthefielddataontides,currents,wavesandsuspendedsedimentconcentrationsatfoursites(Sites1,2,4,and5)inthebay.Site1waslocatedatthemainentrance,Site2atthecentralbayindeepwater,andSites4and5attwosmallbaysinshallowwater.Thebedsedimentwasfinesand(d50=0.2mm)atSite1,andcohesivesedimentattheotherthreesites.Basedonthecollectedfielddata,itisfoundthatthedominantdrivingforcesforsedimentresuspensionareacombinationofoceanswellandtidalcurrentsatSite1,tidalcurrentsatSite2,andwind-wavesatSites4and5.Thecriticalbedshearstressforcohesivesedimentresuspensionisdeterminedas0.079PainunidirectionalflowatSite2,and0.076Painwave-inducedoscillatoryflowatSite5.

简介：Analysisofmagneticpropertiesofmarinesurfacesedimentshasbeengraduallyprovedtobeoneoftheeffectivemeansforresearchingthesourceofmarinesediments.Inthispaper,samplesfrom39sitesinLiaodongBaywerecollectedtoanalyzethemagneticcharacteristicsofthesurfacesediments.MagneticstudyindicatedthatthesurfacesedimentsoftheLiaodongBayarecharacterizedbymagnetite.InthemiddleandeasternpartandthesouthwestcorneroftheBay,themainmagneticgrainswerecoarsemulti-domainandpseudo-single-domainparticles,whileinotherareassingle-domainandpseudo-single-domainparticlesconstitutethemajority.Basedongrainsizeandenvironmentalmagnetismdata,thecontentofmagneticmineralshasapositivecorrelationwiththehydrodynamicenvironmentwhenthemagneticmineraldomainisfiner.However,thecontentofmagneticmineralsisinacomplexrelationshipwiththehydrodynamicenvironmentinthecoarsemagneticdomainofmagneticmineralsfoundincentralLiaodongBayandplacesoutsidetheFuzhouBay,implyingthatthestronghydrodynamicenvironmentacceleratesthesedimentationofcoarsemagneticminerals.Basedongeographicpatternofmagneticproperties,itcanbeinferredthatthemainprovenanceofthesurfacesedimentsoftheLiaodongBayisthesurroundingrivers,andthecomparativeanalysisindicatesthatYellowRiversubstancesmaybealsoexistinthebay.

简介：Carbonmonoxide(CO)playsasignificantroleinglobalwarmingandatmosphericchemistry.GlobaloceansarenetnaturalsourcesofatmosphericCO.COatsurfaceoceanisprimarilyproducedfromthephotochemicaldegradationofchromophoricdissolvedorganicmatter(CDOM).Inthisstudy,theeffectsofphotobleaching,temperatureandtheorigin(terrestrialormarine)ofCDOMontheapparentquantumyields(AQY)ofCOwerestudiedforseawatersamplescollectedfromJiaozhouBay.Ourresultsdemonstratthatphotobleaching,temperatureandtheoriginofCDOMstronglyaffectedtheefficiencyofCOphotoproduction.Theconcentration,absorbanceandfluorescenceofCDOMexponentiallydecreasedwithincreasinglightdose.Terrestrialriverineorganicmattercouldbemorepronetophotodegradationthanthemarinealgae-derivedone.TherelationshipsbetweenCOAQYandthedissolvedorganiccarbon-specificabsorptioncoefficientat254nmforthephotobleachingstudywerenonlinear,whereasthoseoftheoriginalsampleswerestronglylinear.Thissuggeststhat:1)terrestrialriverineCDOMwasmoreefficientthanmarinealgae-derivedCDOMforCOphotoproduction;2)aromaticandolefinicmoietiesoftheCDOMpoolwereaffectedmorestronglybydegradationprocessesthanbyaliphaticones.WatertemperatureandtheoriginofCDOMstronglyaffectedtheefficiencyofCOphotoproduction.ThephotoproductionrateofCOinautumnwasestimatedtobe31.98μmolm-2d-1andthetotalDOCphotomineralizationwasequivalentto3.25%-6.35%ofprimaryproductioninJiaozhouBay.OurresultsindicatethatCOphotochemistryincoastalareasisimportantforoceaniccarboncycle.

简介：

简介：Thevariationsinnutrients（molarratios）andchlorophyllaintheJiaozhouBaywereexaminedbeforeandafteradiatombloominaperiodthatlastedfromNovember2003toMarch2004.Negativerelationshipsbetweennutrientconcentrations,Si/P,Si/Nratiosandchlorophyllacontentwerefoundduringthebloom,whichreflectedtherelationshipbetweennutrientconcentrations,phytoplanktonbiomassandgrowth.Largeincreaseinnutrientconcentrations,particularlySiO3-Siafterthelateautumn,isoneofmajorreasonsinducingthediatombloominwinter,andthebloomwasfinallycontrolledduetoSiO3-Sidepletionbyphytoplankton.ThebloomwasmainlycontrolledbySiO3-Si.Before1998,relativelylowlevelofSiO3-SikeptecologicalbalanceofeutrophicationwatersintheJiaozhouBay.Inrecentyears,however,humanactivitieshaveincreasedSiO3-Siconcentration,whichislikelyoneoftheprimarycausefortheincreaseddiatombloomsintheJiaozhouBay.Therefore,itisnecessarytocontrolSiO3-SiconcentrationintheJiaozhouBay.

简介：Themethodhasbeenestablishedtocalculatetheenvironmentalcapacity(ECo),surplusenvironmentcapacity(SECo)ofwaterwithrespecttomarinepetroleumhydrocarbonsassociatedwithoil(PHAOs)andtheself-purificationcapacity(SPCo)ofmainself-purificationprocesstoPHAOsintheJiaozhouBay,China,accordingtothedynamicmodelfordistributionofmarinePHAOsamongmultiphaseenvironments.ThevariationofconcentrationofPHAOsintheJiaozhouBayiswellsimulatedbythedynamicmodel.Basedonthemodel,theEC.,SEC.ofwaterwithrespecttoPHAOsintheJiaozhouBaywerecalculatedduringthelast10yearsunderthefirst-classandsecond-classqualitystandardrequirement,accordingtoSPCoofmainself-purificationprocesstoPHAOs.Theresultsshowthatabout200tonsofPHAOscouldbedischargedintotheJiaozhouBayformaintainingthefirstclassseawaterqualitystandard,andabout600tonsofPHAOsforthesecondclassseawaterqualitystandardlater.

简介：Basedonthedataobtainedduringthe15thAntarcticExpeditionofChinabetweenNovember1998andFebruary1999,thepaperdiscussesthewatermassesdistributedonbothsidesoftheContinentalWaterBoundary(CWB)aswellasthespacialvariabilityofthephysicalcharacteristicsofthecentrallocation,thefrontalwidth,thefrontalstrength,theverticaldepth,andtheverticalthicknessforCWB,Theaboveresultsarecomparedwiththeresultsfromthedataobtainedduringthe9thAntarcticExpeditionofChinabetweenDecember1992andFebruary1993,andthetemporalvariabiltiyofthosecharacteristicsisdiscussed.Inaddition,theinhomogeneityofthekinematiccharacteristicsandthepattermsofthedynamicheightsforthosewatermasseslocatedonbothsidesofCWBareillustrated.Asitispointedoutinthepaper,thetroughinthedynamicheightfieldisidentifiedwiththefrontallocationofCWBandtheoceaniccurrentshear.Furthermore,thedynamicreasonfortheupwellingofthecircumpolardeepwatercanbeunderstoodbytheexplanationdescribedinthepaper.

简介：Recentobservationssupportanemergingparadigmthatclimatevariabilitydominatesnutrientenrichmentincostaleco-systems,whichcanexplainseasonalandinter-annualvariabilityofphytoplanktoncommunitycomposition,biomass(Chl-a),andprimaryproduction(PP).Inthispaper,wecombinedobservationandmodelingtoinvestigatetheregulationofphytoplanktondynamicsinChesapeakeBay.Theyearwechoseis1996thathashighriverrunoffandisusuallycalleda’wetyear’.A3-Dphysical-biogeochemicalmodelbasedonROMSwasdevelopedtosimulatetheseasonalcycleandtheregionaldistributionsofphytoplanktonbiomassandprimaryproductioninChesapeakeBay.Basedonthemodelresults,NO3presentsastrongcontrasttotherivernitrateloadduringspringandthehighestconcentrationinthebayreachesaround80mmolNm-3.Comparedwiththenormalyear,phytoplanktonbloominspringof1996appearsinlowerlatitudeswithahigherconcentration.Quantitativecomparisonbetweenthemodeledandobservedseasonalaverageddissolvedinorganicnitrogenconcentrationsshowsthatthemodelproducesreliableresults.Thecorrelationcoefficientr2forallquantitiesexceeds0.95,andtheskillparameterforthefourseasonsisallabove0.95.

简介：JellyfishfishingisaspecialtypeoffisherythatmainlyexistsinsomecountriesofEastandSoutheastAsia.Chinahasthelargestjellyfishfisheryyieldintheworldwithanannualharvestofaround300thousandtons.LiaodongBayisthemostimportantjellyfishfisherygroundinChina.However,duetothehighbenefitsofjellyfishfishery,whichleadstoillegalandout-of-seasonjellyfishfishingoccurringeachyearinLiaodongBay.IllegaljellyfishfisheryinLiaodongBayisatypicalexampleofthetragedyofthecommons.Thekeyproblemisthatfishermenseektoanillegallyinitiatejellyfishfishingasearlyaspossible.Inthispaper,basingonthedataofediblejellyfish’sbiologyandecology,wemainlyanalyzedthehistoryofjellyfishfisheryinChina,especiallyinLiaodongbay,andthenwecalculatedthecarrycapacityofediblejellyfishinLiaodongBaywhichisabout300thousandtonsoneyear.ThisnumberisequaltotherecentannualyieldofediblejellyfishinChina.Furthermore,basingonthecarrycapacityandreasonablequotaspriceanalysis,wesetupaJellyfishfishingquotasanddeficitquotasbuybacksystemwhichcouldbeasuitableandeffectivesolutionforjellyfishfisherymanagementanddevelopmentinLiaodongBayattheunderlyingroots.AlthoughChinaisthefirstcountrywithediblejellyfishaquaculture,theannualyieldofjellyfishaquacultureisonlyonefifthofjellyfishfishing.So,thereisaverybrightdevelopingprospectaboutediblejellyfishaquacultureinChina.

简介：ThelevelicethicknessandcompressivestrengthatthefourmeasuringstationsintheLiaodongBayareinferredaccordingtothehydrologicandmeteorologicdatathere,thentheyearlyextremeiceforcesonasolitarypilearecalculatedbytheuseofappropriateformulaoficeforcesanditsprobabilisticdistributionisdetermined.Generally,theyearlyextremeiceforcefollowsWeibulldistributionbestascomparedwithNormal,Lognormal,andExtremeValueIdistribution.Ontheotherhand,theshort-termdistributionoficeforcesonasolitarypileisobtainedfromthemodelexperimentdataanalysis:ItdoesnotrefuseExtremeValueIdistribution.

简介：Grainsizeanalysisandchemicalanalysisofheavymetalsaremadefor312surfacesamplesoftheJiaozhouBay.Nineteensamplesofthewastewatertakenfromthesewagedischargeoutletsalongtheeasterncoastofthebayarealsoanalyzedforheavymetals.Resultsshowthatheavymetalsarericherintheeastandpoorerinthewestofthebay.SedimentarydynamicstudiesrevealthatthedistributionofheavymetalsinthesurfacesedimentsoftheJiaozhouBayisunderthecontrolofhydrodynamics.

简介：ThemacrobenthiccommunityoftheXiaoqingRiverEstuaryandtheadjacentseawaterswasinvestigatedinMayandNovember2008,August2009,andMayandSeptember2010,respectively.Atotalof95speciesofmacrobenthoswereidentifiedinthefivecruisesandmostofthemwerepolychaetes(46.39%),mollusks(28.86%)andcrustaceans(20.62%).TheShannon-Wienerindexofmacrobenthoswaslowerthan2in67%sites.Alongthestreamchannel,estuaryandthecoastalwaters,thespeciesofpolychaetesreducedgradually,whiletheabundanceincreasedatfirstandthendecreased.Theabundancewasthebiggestatregionswithsalinityof520intheestuary.Thespeciesandabundanceofmollusksandcrustaceansincreasedgradually.Asforseasonaldistribution,thespecies,abundanceandbiomasswerehigherinspringandlowerinsummerandautumn.ContemporaneouslycomparedwithLaizhouBayandYellowRiverEstuary,thespeciesofmacrobenthosappearedintheXiaoqingRiverEstuaryweremuchless,whilethepercentageofpolychaeteswashigher.AbundanceandbiomasswerehigherinXiaoqingRiverestuary,thenconsequentlyfollowedbyLaizhouBayandYellowRiverEstuary.ThedominantspeciesinXiaoqingRiverEstuarywaspolychaete,andLayzhouBaymollusk.ThecommunitystructurecharacteristicsofmacrobenthosintheXiaoqingRiverEstuaryrevealedasignificantpollutionstatusinthisregion.

简介：LaizhouBayanditsadjacentwatersareofgreatimportancetoChina’smarineoilandgasdevelopment.Itisthereforecrucialtoestimatereturn-periodvaluesofmarineenvironmentalvariablesinthisregiontoensurethesafetyandsuccessofmaritimeengineeringandmaritimeexploration.Inthisstudy,weusednumericalsimulationstoestimateextremewaveheight,seacurrentvelocityandsea-levelheightinwesternLaizhouBay.Theresultsshowthatthesea-levelrisestartsatthemouthofthebay,increasestowardwest/southwest,andreachesitsmaximuminthedeepestbasinofthebay.The100-yearreturn-periodvaluesofsealevelrisecanreach3.4–4.0minthewesternbay.TheelevationofthewesternpartoftheQingdongOilFieldwouldremainabovetheseasurfaceduringextremelowsealevel,whiletherestoftheoilfieldwouldbe1.6–2.4mbelowtheseasurface.Thereturn-periodvalueofwaveheightisstronglyaffectedbywaterdepth;infact,itsspatialdistributionissimilartotheisobath’s.The100-yearreturn-periodvaluesofeffectivewaveheightcanbe6morhigherinthecentralbayandbemorethan1mintheshallowwaternearshore.The100-yearreturn-periodvaluesofcurrentvelocityisabout1.2–1.8ms-1intheQingdongOilField.Theseresultsprovidescientificbasisforensuringconstructionsafetyandreducingconstructioncost.

简介：Basedontheassumptionofglobalsealevelrisingbetween30and100cminthefuture100yearsbyIPCC(1990)inadditiontotheeffectoflocalgroundsubsidence,thecoastlinewillretrogradefor50-70kmwhosealtitudeswillbe2.6-3.3maboveMSLofHuanghaiSeainthewesterncoastalareaoftheBohaibayin2100.Thetransgrassiveareaisabout10,000-11,500km.Iftheeffectofset-upofstormsurgeisconsidered,thetransgressiveareawillreach16,000km.Sealevelrisewhichisaseriouscoastaldisasternotonlyinundatesalotofcoastallowland,butalsoincreasesthefrequencyandintensityofstormtides,andresultsinthesalinizationofsoils.Inviesofthissituationwerecommendatrinitycomprehensivemeasureoftreatment,namely,"buildingseawalltopreventtides-divertingtheHunagheRivertosettleitssedimentloads-raisingtheconstructionalbase".

简介：Basedonthe2-DflowandsedimentnumericalmodeloftheYangtzeEstuaryandtheHangzhouBay,thecharacteristicsofwaterandsedimentexchangeintheirjointwatersisstudiedthroughquantitativecalculationandanalysisofthecharacteristicsofwaterflowandsedimenttransportation.Theresultsshowthatthereisperiodicalwaterandsedimentexchangeinthisjointwaters,thatthenetwaterexchangeappearsmainlybetween0～6mdepth(theoreticaldatumplane,thesamebelow)offshoreandthemaximumisnearthedepthof2m,andthatthenetsedimentexchangemainlyappearsbetween0～5mdepthandthemaximumisnearthedepthof3m,indicatingthattherangeofwaterflowpassageisdifferentfromthatofsedimenttransportfromtheYangtzeEstuarytotheHangzhouBay.Combinedwiththeresultsofnumericalsimulation,thispaperalsoanalyzesthehydrodynamicalmechanisminfluencingwaterandsedimentexchangebetweentheYangtzeEstuaryandtheHangzhouBay,includingtidalfluctuation,tidalcurrentkineticenergy,tide-inducedresidualcurrentandthetraceofwaterparticles.Finally,thesedimenttransportationpassageontheNanhuitidalflatisdiscussed,andtheresultsshowthatsedimentistransportedintotheHangzhouBayfromthesouthsideofShipilei,whilesedimentisbroughtbacktotheSouthChanneloftheYangtzeEstuaryfromthenorthside.

简介：Anoperationalthree-dimensionaloilspillmodelisdevelopedbytheNationalMarineEnvironmentalForecastingCenter(NMEFC),StateOceanicAdministration,China,andthemodelhasbeenrunningfor9a.OnJune4and17,2011,oilisspilledintotheseawaterfromtwoseparateoilplatformsintheBohaiBay,i.e.,PlatformsBandCofPenglai19-3oilfield.Thespillcausespollutionofthousandsofsquarekilometresofseaarea.TheNMEFC'soilspillmodelisemployedtostudythePenglai19-3oil-spillpollutionduringJunetoAugust2011.ThewindfinalanalysisdataoftheNMEFC,whichisbasedonaweatherresearchandforecasting(WRF)model,areanalyzedandcorrectedbycomparingwiththeobservationdata.Acorrectedcurrentfiledisobtainedbyforcingtheprincetonoceanmodel(POM)withthecorrectedwindfield.Withtheabovemarineenvironmentalfieldforcingtheoilspillmodel,theoilmassbalanceandoildistributioncanbeproduced.Thesimulationisvalidatedagainsttheobservation,anditisconcludedthattheoilspillmodeloftheNMEFCisabletocommendablysimulatetheoilspilldistribution.ThustheNMEFC'soilspillmodelcanprovideatoolinanenvironmentalimpactassessmentaftertheevent.

简介：Thespectrumshapecharacteristicsofdouble-peakedseawavespectiaactuallymeasuredintheJiaozhouBaywereanalysedandonerepresentationofdouble-peakedseawavespectrawithsix-parameterswhichcanbedeterminedfromagivenseawavespectrumisproposedinthispaper.Afterverifyingbyfittingprocesswiththedatasetsofdouble-peakedseawavespectrameasuredintheJiaozhouBay,itcanbeseenfromtheresultsthattherepresentationmentionedabovemaybeusedtoexpressthedouble-peakedseawavespectrageneratedintheJiaozhouBayundervariousseastates,andthattheabsolutevaluesofmaximumdeviationindex(D.I.)donotexceed30.0.

简介：Xiangshanbayisanarrowsemi-closedbayandsituatedonthenorthwesterncoastoftheEastChinaSea.Overpastdecades,ithasbecometoamajorbaywithintensivehumanactivities,denseurbanizedarea,andpoorwaterquality.Theaimofthispaperwastorevealtheecologicalstatusthroughtheelucidationofthespeciescomposition,abundance,biomassanddiversityofmacrobenthosinthisbay.SixintertidalsectionsweresurveyedfromJanuary2007toNovember2008quarterly.SectionsTG,HDandXHarelocatedinthethreeinnerbays,sectionsQJandWSarelocatednearthethermalpowerplants,andsectionXXislocatedattheouterpartofXiangshanBay.Greatvariationsinmacrobenthoscommunitywereindentified,andthespeciescompositionofthecommunityinthepresentstudyshowedthedominanceintheorderofmolluscs(bivalvesandgastropods),crustaceansandothers,andonlyfewPolychaetawererecorded.Onlythreedominantspecies,Littorinabrevicula,Ilyplaxtansuiensis,andCerithideacingulatawerecollectedinallthesections,andatotalof19dominantspecieswererecordedonlyinonesection.Two-wayANOVAanalysesofabundanceindicatedthatthereweresignificantdifferencesamongsectionsorseasons.Shannon-Wienerdiversityindex(H’)haditsmaximum(2.45)insectionQJ,andminimum(1.76)insectionTG.Multipleirregulark-dominanceplotsclearlyshowedthatthestudyareawaspollutedandthemacrobenthoscommunitywasunderstress.WeconcludethatthemacrobenthosofXiangshanBayhavebeendisturbedbyhumanactivities,especiallyattheinteriorbay.