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简介：Inthecourseofimprovingand/ordesigninganenergysystem,eitherpurelyeconomiccriteria,althoughtheoverridingcriteria,orpurelyenergy-basedcriteria,althoughtheemphasizedcriteria,cannotseparatelyhandlereal-worldsituationsinasatisfactorymanner,Theeconmiceffectivenessandtheenergyefficiencymustbeconsideredsimultaneouslytodemonstratetheconfilictingandnon-commensurablecharacteristicsofthesemultiplecriteria.Aniterativeandinteractiveapproachtoformulatingandsolvingnon-linearmulti-criteriadecisionmakingproblemsfortheanalysisofanenergysystemisproposed.Itallowsthedecisionmaker(DM)tolearnfromtheavailableinformationanddymamicallychangehismind.Criterionfunctioinscanbetreatedasobjectivefunctions,asconstraintsofassomethinginbetweenbytheDM.Afteraseriesofiterationsandinteractiveprocedures,apreferredsolutioncanbemadeamongthenon-inferiorsetsconsideringthermodymamiccriteriaandeconomiccreteriasimultaneously,asimpleexamplefordesignofahestexchangerisusedtoillustratetheprocedure.

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简介：WhetherdropletstransitfromtheCassietotheWenzelstate(C–W)onatexturedsurfaceisthetouchstonethatthesuperhydrophobicityofthesurfaceisstillmaintained.However,theC–Wtransitionmechanism,especiallythespontaneoustransitionofsmalldroplets,isstillnotverycleartodate.TheinterfacefreeenergygradientofasmalldropletisfirstlyproposedandderivedasthedrivingforceforitsC–Wevolutioninthisstudybasedontheenergyandgradientanalysis.ThenthephysicalandmathematicalmodeloftheC–WtransitionisfoundaftertheC–Wdrivingforceortransitionpressure,theresistance,andtheparametersofthemeniscusbeneaththedropletareformulated.Theresultsshowthatthemicro/nanostructuralparameterssignificantlyaffecttheC–Wdrivingforceandresistance.Thesmallerthepillardiameterandpitch,theminortheC–Wtransitionpressure,andthelargertheresistance.Consequently,theC–Wtransitionisdifficulttobecompletedforthedropletsonnano-texturedsurfaces.Meanwhileifthepostsaretooshort,thefrontofthecurvedliquid–airinterfacebelowthedropletwilltouchthestructuralsubstrateeasilyeventhoughthethreephasecontactline(TPCL)hasnotdepinned.Whenthepostsarehighenough,theTPCLbeneaththedropmustmovefirstlybeforethemeniscuscanreachthesubstrate.Asaresult,thedropletonatexturedsurfacewithshortpillarsiseasytocompleteitsC–Wevolution.Ontheotherhand,thesmallerthedroplet,theeasiertheC–Wshift,sincethetransitionpressurebecomeslarger,whichwellexplainswhyanevaporatingdropwillcollapsespontaneouslyfromcompositetoWenzelstate.Besides,bothintrinsicandadvancingcontactanglesaffecttheC–Wtransitionaswell.Thegreaterthetwoangles,thehardertheC–Wtransition.Intheend,theC–Wtransitionparametersandthecriticalconditionsmeasuredinliteraturesarecalculatedandcompared,andthecalculationsaccordwellwiththeexperimentalresults.

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简介：TheBESdetectorhasoperatedforabout12years,andtheBESofflinedataanalysisenvironmentalsohasbeendevelopedandupgradedalongwithdevelopmentsoftheBEShardwareandsoftware.TheBESⅢsoftwaresystemwilloperateformanyyears.Thustheyshouldmeetdevelopmentsofthenewtechnologyinsoftware,Itshouldbehighlyflexible,Powerful,stableandeasyformaintenance.Andfollowingpointsshouldbetakenintoaccount:1)TobenefitthecollaborationandmakebetterexchangeswiththeinternationalHEPexperimentsthissystemshoulebesetupbyadoptingorreferringthenewesttechnologyinthesoftwarefromadvancedexperimentsintheworld.2).ItshouldsupporthundredsoftheexistingBESsoftwarepackagesandserveforbotholdexpertswhofamiliarwithBESIIsoftwareandcomputingenvironmentandnewmemberswhoisgoingtobenefitfromthenewsystem.3).ThemostBESIIexistingpackageswillbemodifiedorre-designedaccordingtothehardwarechanges.

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简介：TheonlywayTerabytesofdatacanbeprocessedandanalyzedinareasonabletimeisbyusingparallelprocessingarchitectures.TheParalleROOTFacility,PROOF,isssystemfortheparallelinteractiveanalysisofsuchdatasetsonclustersofheterogeneouscomputers.EarlyprototypeshaveconfirmedthevalidityofthebasicPROOFarchitectureHowever,someimportantworkstillhastobedonebeforePROOFcanbeusedasaproductionfacility.Thebasicarchitectureandtheplanneddevelopmentsaredescribedinthispaper.

简介：Theobject-orientedtagdatabaseoftheZEUSexperimentatHERAisbasedonObjectivity/DB.Itisusedtorapidlyselecteventsforphysicsanalysisbasedonintuitivephysicalcriteria.Thetotalnumberofeventscurrentlyinthedatabaseexceeds150millionBasedonthedetectorconfigurationdifferentinformationcanbestoredforeachevent.Anewversionofthedatabasesoftwarewasrecentlyreleasedwhichservesclientsonamultitudeofbatchmachines,workgroupserversanddesktopmachinesrunningIrix,LinuxandSolaris.ThisreplacesanearlierversionwhichwasrestrictedtothreeSGImachinesMultiplecopiesofthedatacanbestoredtransparentlytotheusersforexampleifanewofflinereconstructionofthedataisinprogress.Areportisgivenontheupgradeofthedatabaseanditssuperiorperformancecomparedtotheoldeventselectionmethod.

简介：Solidoxidefuelcells(SOFCs)offerhighenergyconversion,lownoise,lowpollutantemission,andlowprocessingcost.Despitemanyadvantages,SOFCsfaceamajorchallengeincompetingwithothertypesoffuelcellsbecauseoftheirhighoperatingtemperature.ThenecessitytoreducetheoperationaltemperatureofSOFCshasledtothedevelopmentofresearchintothematerialsandfabricationtechnologyoffuelcells.Theuseofcompositecathodessignificantlyreducesthecathodepolarizationresistanceandexpandsthetriplephaseboundaryareaavailableforoxygenreduction.Powderpreparationandcompositecathodefabricationalsoaffecttheoverallperformanceofcompositecathodesandfuelcells.Amongmanytypesofcathodematerials,lanthanum-basedmaterialssuchaslanthanumstrontiumcobaltferrite(La1-xSrxCo1-yFeyO3-haverecentlybeendiscoveredtooffergreatcompatibilitywithceria-basedelectrolytesinperformingascompositecathodematerialsforintermediate-tolow-temperatureSOFCs(IT-LTSOFCs).Thispaperreviewsvariousceria-basedcompositecathodesforIT-LTSOFCsandfocusesontheaspectsofprogressandchallengesinmaterialstechnology.

简介：ThreephasePebax?MH1657/PEG-ran-PPG/CuBTC（polymer/liquid/solid）wassuccessfullydepositedasaselectivelayeronaporousPolysulfone（PSF）support.Infact,thebeneficialpropertiesofPEG（highselectivity）withthoseofPPG（highpermeability,amorphous）havebeencombinedwithsuperiorpropertiesofmixedmatrixmembrane（MMMs）.ThemembraneswerecharacterizedbyDSC,TGAandSEM,whileCuBTCwascharacterizedbyCO2andCH4adsorptiontest.Statisticallybasedexperimentaldesign（centralcompositedesign,CCD）wasappliedtoanalyzeandoptimizetheeffectofPEG-ran-PPG（10–50wt%）andCuBTC（0–20wt%）masscontentsontheCO2permeanceandCO2/CH4idealselectivity.Basedontheregressioncoefficientsoftheobtainedmodels,theCO2permeancewasnotablyinfluencedbyPEG-ran-PPG,whileCuBTChasthemostsignificanteffectontheCO2/CH4idealselectivity.Undertheoptimumconditions（PEG-ran-PPG:32.76wt%andCuBTC:20wt%）,nearly620%increaseintheCO2permeanceand43%enhancementintheCO2/CH4idealselectivitywasobservedcomparedtotheneatPebax.Theeffectofpressure（3,9and15bar）onthepureandmixedgasseparationperformanceofthecompositemembraneswasalsoinvestigated.ThehighsolubilityofCO2inthemembranesresultedintheenhancementofCO2permeabilitywithincreaseingaspressure.

简介：OnaccountoftheexcellentmechanicalpropertiesofCrNfilmsuchasgoodwearandcorrosionresistance,andoxidizationatamuchhighertemperature,CrNfilmhasbeendemonstratedasoneofthebestcoatingsforenlargingthebearingatpresent.However,steelworkinglifespanatpresentt.However,withthemoreincreasinglyaggressiveoftheworkingenvironmentofmechanicalcomponents,especiallyforbearingsteel,newcoatingtechnologieswithamorebetterpropertiesofthetreatedpartssuchaswearandcorrosionresistancearerequired.

简介：在这篇文章，我们在影响温度依赖者粘性下面作为基础液体与水向一张拉长的表讨论碳nanotubes的二维的停滞点流动。类似转变被用来为nanofluid简化管理边界层方程。这是在有可变粘性的一张拉长的表上的CNT的停滞点流动上的第一篇文章。粘性的一个众所周知的雷纳兹模型被使用。单个墙CNT与水被用作基础液体。结果有相关边界条件的非线性的联合方程用射击数字地被解决方法。无尺寸的速度，温度，皮肤磨擦，和Nusselt数字上的流动参数的影响被探索并且介绍处于良好的竟技状态图并且身体上解释了。

简介：TheZEUSexperimenthasmigrateditsreconstructionandanalysisfarmstoaPC-basedenvironment.Morethanoneyearofexperiencehasbeenacquiredwithsuccessfuloperationofananalysisfarmdesignedforseveralhundredusers.Speciallydesignedsoftwarehasbeenusedtoproveidefastandreliableaccesstolargeamountsofdata(30TBintotal),AftertheongoingupgradeoftheHERAluminosity,higherrequirementswillariseintermsofdatastoragecapacityandthroughputrate,Thenecessityofabiggerdiskcachehasledtoconsiderationofsolutionsbasedoncommoditytechnology,PC-basedfileserversarebeingtestedasacost-effectivestoragesystem,Inthisarticlewepresentthehardwareandsoftwaresolutionsdeplogyedanddiscusstheirperformance.scalabilityandmaintenanceissues.

简介：TheCMSIGUANAprojecthasimplementedanopenanalysisarchitecturethatenablesthecreationofanintegratedanalysisenvironment.Inthis"analysisdesktop"environmentaphysicistisabletoperformmostanalysis-relatedtasks,notjustthepresentationandvisualisationstepsusuallyassociatedwithanalysistools.ThemotivationbehindIGUANA'sapproachisthatphsicsanalysisincludesmuchmorethanjustthevisualisationanddatapresentation.Manyfactorscontributetotheincreasingimportanceofmakinganalysisandvisualisationsoftwareanintegralpartoftheexperiment'ssoftware:objectorientedandevermoreadvanceddatamodels,GRID,andautomatedhierarchicalstoragemanagementsystemstonamejustafew.Atthesametimetheanalysistoolkitsshouldbemodularandnon-invasivetobeusableindifferentcontextswithinoneexperimentandgenerallyacrossexperiments.Ideallytheanalysisenvironmentwouldappeartobeperfectlycustomisedtotheexperimentandthecontext,butwouldmostlyconsistofgenericcomponents.WedescribehowtheIGUANAprojectisaddressingtheseissuesandpresentboththearchitectureandexamplesofhowdifferentaspectsofanalysisappeartotheusersandthedevelopers.

简介：我们在场微分照(DQ)的申请为有指数地基于Euler-Bernoulli，Timoshenko，瑞迪，和Levison的四个不同横梁理论改变僵硬的nanobeams的弄弯的分析的方法。明确的表达基于Eringen的非局部的弹性理论。新结果被介绍为指导了并且简单地支持了指导边界条件。数字结果被获得在批评弄弯负担参数上调查非局部的参数，length-to-height比率，边界条件，和不一致的参数的效果。当批评弄弯负担参数随length-to-height比率的增加增加时，批评弄弯负担随非局部的参数的增加减少，这被观察当批评弄弯负担参数随length-to-height比率的增加增加时。

简介：Themechanismofcarriertransportinorganiclight-emittingdevicesisnumericallystudied,onthebasisoftrappedcharge-limitedconductionwithanexponentialtrapdistribution.Thespatialdistributionsoftheelectricalpotential,fieldandcarrierdensityintheorganiclayerarecalculatedandanalysed.Mostcarriersaredistributednearthetwoelectrodes,onlyafewofthemaredistributedovertheremainingpartoftheorgaiclayer,Thecarriersareaccumulatedneartheelectrodes,andtheremainingregionisalmostexhaustedofcarriers.Whenthecharacteristicenergyoftrapdistributionisgreaterthan0.3eV.itleadstoareductionofcurrentdensity.Inordertoimprovethedeviceefficiency,organicmaterialswithminortrapsandlowcharacteristicenergyshouldbechosen.Thediffusioncurrentisthedominantcomponentneartheinjectionelectrode.whereasthedriftcurrentdominatestheremainingregionoftheorganiclayer.