简介：Softwaremodularizationisatechniqueusedtodivideasoftwaresystemintoindependentmodules（packages）thatareexpectedtobecohesiveandlooselycoupled.However,assoftwaresystemsevolveovertimetomeetnewrequire-ments,theirmodularizationsbecomecomplexandgraduallyloosetheirquality.Thus,itischallengingtoautomaticallyoptimizetheclasses＇distributioninpackages,alsoknownasremodularization.Toalleviatethisissue,weintroduceanewapproachtooptimizesoftwaremodularizationbymovingclassestomoresuitablepackages.Inadditiontoimprovingdesignqualityandpreservingsemanticcoherence,ourapproachtakesintoconsiderationtherefactoringeffortasanobjectiveinitselfwhileoptimizingsoftwaremodularization.WeadapttheElitistNon-dominatedSortingGeneticAlgorithm（NSGA-Ⅱ）ofDebetal.tofindthebestsequenceofrefactoringsthat1）maximizestructuralquality,2）maximizesemanticcohesivenessofpackages（evaluatedbyasemanticmeasurebasedonWordNet）,and3）minimizetherefactoringeffort.Wereporttheresultsofanevaluationofourapproachusingopen-sourceprojects,andweshowthatourproposalisabletoproduceacoherentandusefulsequenceofrecommendedrefactoringsbothintermsofqualitymetricsandfromthedeveloper＇spointsofview.

简介：IsolationofHelicobacterpylori(HP)isthegoldstandardforthediagnosisofHPinfection.However,theconventionalisolationmethodistedious,expensiveandtroublesome,andisnotsuitableforuseingeneralpractice.Wehavedevelopedasimple,low-costandeffectivemethodfortheisolationofHP.TwobiopsyspecimensfromeachpatientwereinoculatedonaHPselectivebloodplate,andplacedinaspeciallydevisedplasticjarcoveredair-tightlywithalid.Afterfillingwithamixturegas(CO210%,O25%,N285%),

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简介：Inwritingclasses,studentsoftenfeelpuzzledabouthowtogenerategoodideasontheessaytopicwhileteachersusuallyspendmostoftheclassroomhourstalkingaboutthewritingskillssuchasorganiza-tion,style,etc.Undersuchacircumstance,stu-dentswillbeimmersedinnotetakingandwillnothaveanopportunitytoexpressthemselves.Thispaperexploresapre-writingactivity—brainstorming—asawaytosolvesuchaproblem.Comparedwiththetra-ditionalteachingmethod,brainstorminghasthefol-lowingadvantages:(1)Ithelpsgenerategoodideasconcerningtheessaytopic.(2)Itismorestimulatingthanponderingovertheessaytopicalone.(3)Itmakesthewritingclasslivelierandmoreenjoyable.(4)Ithelpsincreasethereader-awarenessofthestu-dentsintheirwritingprocess.Suggestionsforadoptingbrainstormingactivitiesinwritingclassesarealsopre-sentedintheessay.

简介：论文把中国菩提树游标用作样品，并且使用ESR技术在木头表面修正的过程期间检验免费激进的集中变化。这是一个有效方法，并且它能关于程度和表面修正的质量给合适的评估。

简介：在分散图象的嗨精力乐队通常作为真分散阶段速度被解释。然而，瑞利的多重分散模式在空格在分层的媒介栈飘动，生产在分散图象的有效分散曲线和假multimode分散曲线。有效分散曲线把有更低的阶段速度的精力经常比假分散阶段速度，并且这样是的最大值作为基本模式误解了。在可容忍的不合身的衣服以内，有效分散曲线能接近真基本模式。与真multimode分散曲线不同，假multimode分散曲线与有效分散曲线有关。一个数字模特儿被适应模仿真分散曲线，有效分散曲线，和假multimode分散曲线。他们的差别和相互的关系被表明。

简介：Acoupled-modesoundpropagationmodelwithcomplexeffectivedepthispresented,inordertoinvolvetheeffectofbranchlineintegralforacousticfieldinarange-dependentwaveguide.Theequationsofmotionandcontinuityareusedtoobtainthecoupledequations,whichsatisfyboundaryconditionsinthewaveguidewithvaryingtopographyandcontainonecouplingmatrix.Meanwhile,thecouplingsbetweendiscreteandcontinuousspectrumaredealtwithbasedoncomplexeffectivedepththeory.Numericalsimulationsshowthattheaccuracyoftransmissionlossisimprovedbythecoupledmodemodelwheneigenvaluesoftrappedmodesarelocatednearthebranchpoint.Theacousticfieldinanon-horizontallystratifiedwaveguidecanbecalculatedefficientlyandaccuratelybythismodel,andtheenergycorrespondingtotrappedmodes,leakymodesandbranchlineintegralcanbeconsideredadequately.

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简介：Tetraphenylporphyrin(TPP)isatypicalred-emittingluminogenshowingevidentaggregationcausedquenching(ACQ)effect.Toenhanceitsemissionefficiencyinsolidstate,fourtetraphenylethene(TPE)unitswereattachedtothefourmeso-positionsofTPPcoreviaestergroupthroughafacileandefficientroute.Thederivedcompound(4(TPE-COO)-TPP)emitsredfluorescence(peakat655nm)withagoodquantumefficiency(F)of7.5%,whichismuchhigherthanthatofTPP(Φ~0.1%).Inmolecularaggregateformedintetrahydrofuran(THF)andwatermixtures,4(TPE-COO)-TPPhasarelativehighFof12%.TheevidentlysubduedACQbehaviorcanbeascribedtothepropellershapeandbulkysizeoftheTPEunits,whichpreventtheclosepackingandstrongp-pinteractionofTPPcores.TheloosemolecularpackingandweakinterchromophoreinteractionswerevalidatedbydifferentcharacterizationmethodsincludingUV-visibleabsorption,steadystateandtransientfluorescencespectroscope,X-raydiffractionandscanningelectronicmicroscopeobservations.Itisnotedthat4(TPE-COO)-TPPhasanemissionefficiencyof14.4%indiluteTHFsolution.ThisisduetotheconjugationbreakbetweentheTPPandTPEmoieties,therotationalandvibrationalmotionsofthephenylgroupscannotquenchthefluorescenceof4(TPE-COO)-TPP.

简介：ThispaperpresentsametodologyforplanningnewsdhtargettransmissionnetworkinChina,whichisof,instructureintofourlevels:theinter-provincebackbonenetwork,theintra-provincebackbonenetworks,localnetworks,andsubscriberaccessnetworks.Atmeantime,inordertoobtainhighdegreeofnetworksurvivability,topologyconfigureofprotectionandreconfigurationforeachlevelnetworkisalsodiscussed.Inordertohelptheplannerincomputer-aiddesignandanalysis,amodifiedintegratedself-healingnetworkdesignalgorithms(TheintegrationofCapacityAssignmentOptimizationAlgoritms,RD,SSRandDSH)whichsupportthisplanningmethodologyispresentedanddiscussed.Thecomputersimulationresultsarealsogiventoshowthepracticalapplicationofthismethodologyandbenefitsofthisalgorithm.Theresultsshowthatthisalgorithmisveryeffectivefordesigningahigherdegreeofself-healingnetworkwithleast-sparecapacity.

简介：Overthepastdecade,theChinesegovernmenthasdevelopedseveralplansregulationsandpolicymeasuresrelatedtothedevelopmentofrenewableenergytechnologiesandhasimplementedaseriesofpilotprojects.ChinesepolicymakershavespentseveralyearsstudyinghowrenewableenergypolicymodelsthathavebeenusedinternationallycouldbeimplementedinChina.Programsarecurrentlyunderwaytoimplementpilotrenewableportfoliostandards,ormandatorymarketshares(MMS)forrenewableenergy,inseveralprovinces.ThispaperexaminestheprimaryinstitutionsthatareinvolvedinpromotingrenewablepoliciesinChina,thestructureofthepoliciesthatcurrentlyarebeingdrafted,andthestatusofthecomplementary,national-levelrenewableenergylawbeingdraftedtoprovidealegalbasisforongoinglocalandnational-levelpolicies.ItthenexaminesthelegalrequirementsforpromotingrenewableenergylegislationundertheChineselaw-makingsystem.Finally,itprovidesrecommendationsfor

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简介：InviewofK-faulttestability,thetopologicalconstructionofapracticalcircuitisfarfromideal.Inordertoimprovethetestabilityofacircuit,wemayincreasethenumberofaccessiblenodesorusethemulti-excitationmethod.Effectivenessofthesemethodsandthefeasibilityofchoosingaccessiblenodesarediscussedindetail.Theconditionsformulti-excitationtestabilityarepresented.

简介：Phosphorylatedmesoporouscarbons(PMCs)wereinvestigatedascatalystsinthedehydrationoffructosetohydroxymethylfurfural(HMF).TheacidicPMCsshowbetterselectivitytoHMFcomparedtosulfonatedcarboncatalyst(SC)despiteloweractivity.TheconcentrationofP-OgroupsonthePMCwascorrelatedwiththeactivity/selectivityofthecatalysts;thehighertheP-Oconcentration,thehighertheactivity.However,thehighertheP-Ocontent,thelowertheselectivitytoHMF.Indeed,alowerconcentrationoftheP-OgroupsminimizedthedegradationofHMFtolevulinicacidandtheformationofby-products,suchashumines.Stabilitytestsshowedthatthesesystemsdeactivateduetotheformationofhuminesandwaterinsolubleby-productsderivedfromthedehydrationoffructosewhichblockedthecatalyticallyactivesites.

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