简介:AftermeetingsoftheUNMillenniumDevelopmentGoals(MDGs)in2010,especiallytheRio+20SummitonSustainableDevelopment,therehavebeenincreasinglyfrequentdebatesonthepost-2015internationaldevelopmentagenda(hereinafterreferredtoas"thepost-2015agenda").FromMaytoJuly2013,theUNreleasedthreekeyreportsonthisissue.1InSeptember,the68thUNGeneral
简介:Basedonthetotal-factorenergyefficiencyframework,thispapercalculatesChina'sindustrialenergyefficiencyandCO2emissionsreductionpotentialfrom2000to2009byutilizingthedirectionaldistancefunctionanddataenvelopmentanalysis.Theempiricalresultsshowthat:China'sindustrialoverallenergyefficiencyisrelativelylowerwhiletheemis-sionsreductionpotentialisrelativelygreater,giventheoptimumproductionfrontier.Significantindus-trialdisparitiesofenergyefficiencyandemissionsreductionpotentialexist.Energyefficiencyandemis-sionsreductionpotentialsignificantlyshowdifferenttendenciesofindustrialdynamicvariation.ThispapersuggeststheChinesegovernmentimposedifferentialcarbontaxes,flexiblyutilizecarbonmarketmecha-nism,strengthenenergy-savingtechnologicalR&D,promotetheutilizationofrenewableenergy,andstrengthenenvironmentalsupervisionandregulation,soastoimproveChina'sindustrialenergyefficiencyandreduceCO2emissions.
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简介:Inthefirsthalfyearof2018,therewerechangesinChina'seconomic,industrialstructureandthechangesingovernment'spolicyonlandandmineralresources.China'sgeologicalexplorationiscontinuedtomaintainatrendofthegrowth.Thefundinvestmentingeologicalexplorationdeclinedandtheimpetusforinvestmentininitialexplorationwasinsufficient.Theminingmarketshowedagooddevelopmenttrendandthesocialinvestmentdepictedaslightrise.Inthefirsthalfoftheyear,theinvestmentsinhydrogeologicexploration,environmentalgeologyexplorationandgeologicaldisasterinvestigationincreasedontheyear-onyearbasis.
简介:Thelettersandvisitssystemisakindofsystemforhu-manrightsprotectionwithChinesecharacteristics.Thesystemhasmadetremendousachievementsinpromotingandsafeguardinghumanrightsandac-cumulatedrichexperienceintheprotectionofhumanrights.inthefuture,itwillcontinuouslyplayauniqueroleinChina’shumanrightsprotection.I.China’sLettersandVisitsSystemIsaSystemforHumanRightsProtectionSincetheUnitednationsGeneralassemblypassedtheUniversal
简介:Chinaispreparingtoestablishanationwidecarbonmarketin2017,andinordertofacilitatethisgoal,sevenpilotcarbonmarketshavebeenunderstudyforthepastfewyears.ThispapersummarizestheoperationexperienceandchallengesofthesevenpilotcarbonmarketsinChina.Ithasbeenwidelyacceptedthattheessenceofacarbonmarketistosolveenvironmentalproblemsthroughmarketmechanisms,withenvironmentalbenefitbeingthefundamentalpurpose,marketmechanismbeingthekeymeasure,andpoliciesandregulationsbeinganimportantguaranteeforanorderlycarbonmarket.Therefore,thispaperconstructsanevaluationindexsystemcomposedof34detailedsub-indexesinthreedimensions,suchasenvironmentalconstraintforce,marketresourceallocationability,andsupportingpoliciesandfacilitycompleteness.Throughanalyzingtheoperationdatafrom2013to2016,theweightsofthesub-indexesareobtained.Inaddition,thestudyobtainsexperts’opinionsfromover10carbonpermitsexchanges,consultancyfirmsandresearchinstitutionsinChina,andconductsacomprehensiveevaluationonthedevelopmentdegreeofthesevenpilotcarbonmarkets.ResultsshowthatthepilotcarbonmarketsthatincludeprivateSMEsasthecoveredentitiesforemissionscontrolpresentrelativelyhigherenvironmentalconstraintforce.Buttoomanycoveredentitiescouldincreasethedifficultyofmarketperformancemanagement,whilethepilotsthatincludehighenergy-consumingstate-ownedenterprisesastheentitiesforemissionscontroldemonstrateaphenomenonof'highmarketcomplianceratewithlowtradingvolume'.TheresourceallocationcapabilityofChina’scarbonmarkethasnotbeeneffectivelybroughtintoplay,andlowdegreeofmarketparticipationhasbecomeanimportantconstraintfactorformarketdevelopment.Duetothelackoflawsandregulationsatthenationalmacro-level,thelegallybindingforceofthepilotmarketsconstructionisobviouslyinsufficient,andthesupportingpoliciesare
简介:Inrecentyears,Chinahasfullydevelopedinoutput,quality,andtechnicaladvancementofrefractories,andbecomethebiggestcountryinrefractoriesproductionandconsumptionintheworld.Meanwhile,educationandtraininginChina'srefractoriesindustryhavedevelopedrapidly.Thispaperintroducesthepresentsituationsofundergraduateeducation,postgraduateeducation,academiceducation,andvocationalandothertrainingofChina'srefractoriesindustry,includingthestudentrecruitingsituation,subjectarrangement,teachersforce,andR&Dequipmentlevel,andalsoputsforwardsomesuggestionsforChina'srefractorieseducationandtraining.
简介:or requirements to conduct research and development in China. ANTIDUMPING AND SUBSIDIES METHODOLOGY The agreed protocol provisions ensure that American firms and workers will have strong protection against unfair trade practices including dumping and subsidies. The U.S. and China have agreed that we will be able to maintain our current antidumping methodology (treating China as a non-market economy) in future anti-dumping cases. This provision will remain in force for 15 years after China's accession to the WTO. Moreover,no restrictions). BANKING Currently foreign banks are not permitted to do local currency business with Chinese clients (a few can engage in local currency business with their foreign clients). China imposes severe geographic restrictions on the establishment of foreign banks. China has committed to full market access in five years for U.S. banks. Foreign banks will be able to conduct local currency business with Chinese enterprises starting 2 years after accession. Foreign banks will be able to conduct local currency business with Chinese individuals from 5 years after accession. Foreign banks will have the same rights (national treatment) as Chinese banks within designated geographic areas. Both geographic and customer restrictions will be removed in five years. Non-bank financial companies can offer auto financing upon accession. SECURITIES China will permit minority foreign-owned joint ventures to engage in fund management on the same terms as Chinese firms. By three years after accession,related investment measures. These provisions will also help protect American firms against forced technology transfers. China has agreed that
简介:Beforethe2012SpringFestival,China'sfivebigpowergenerationgroups,i.e.ChinaHuanengGroup,ChinaDatangCorporation,ChinaGuodianCorporation,ChinaHuadianCorporationandChinaPowerInvestmentCorporationseparatelyheldtheirannualworkingconferencetosumuptheachievementsin2011andarrangetheworkingplanfor2012.