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简介：AIM:Toevaluatetheimpactofsociodemographic/clinicalfactorsonearlyvirologicalresponse(EVR)topegin-terferon/ribavirinforchronichepatitisC(CHC)inclinicalpractice.METHODS:Weconductedamulticenter,cross-sectional,observationalstudyinHepatologyUnitsof91Spanishhospitals.CHCpatientstreatedwithpeginterferonα-2aplusribavirinwereincluded.EVRwasdefinedasundetectablehepatitisCvirus(HCV)-ribonucleicacid(RNA)or≥2logHCV-RNAdecreaseafter12wkoftreatment.AbivariateanalysisofsociodemographicandclinicalvariablesassociatedwithEVRwascarriedout.IndependentfactorsassociatedwithanEVRwereanalyzedusingamultipleregressionanalysisthatincludedthefollowingbaselinedemographicandclinicalvariables:age(≤40yearsvs>40years),gender,race,educationallevel,maritalstatusandfamilystatus,weight,alcoholandtobaccoconsumption,sourceofHCVinfection,alanineaminotransferase(ALT)andaspartateaminotransferase(AST)levels,andgammaglutamyltranspeptidase(GGT)(≤85IU/mLvs>85IU/mL),serumferritin,serumHCV-RNAconcentration(<400000vs≥400000),genotype(1/4vs3/4),cirrhoticstatusandribavirindose(800/1000/1200mg/d).RESULTS:Atotalof1014patientswereincludedinthestudy.Meanageofthepatientswas44.3±9.8years,70%weremale,and97%wereCaucasian.ThemainsourcesofHCVinfectionwereintravenousdrugabuse(25%)andbloodtransfusion(23%).SeventyeightpercentwereinfectedwithHCVgenotype1/4(68%hadgenotype1)and22%withgenotypes2/3.TheHCV-RNAlevelwas>400000IU/mLin74%ofpatients.ThemeanALTandASTlevelswere88.4±69.7IU/mLand73.9±64.4IU/mL,respectively,andmeanGGTlevelwas82±91.6IU/mL.Themeanferritinlevelwas266±284.8μg/L.Only6.2%ofpatientspresentedwithcirrhosis.Allpatientsreceived180mgofpeginterferonα-2a.Themostfrequentlyusedribavirindoseswere1000mg/d(41%)and1200mg/d(41%).Theplannedtreatm

简介：AbstractObjective:This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and associated clinical risk factors for preeclampsia (PE) and its subtypes in a large multicentre retrospective study of Beijing, China.Methods:This study was conducted as a secondary analysis from the Gestational diabetes mellitus Prevalence Survey (GPS), a multicentre retrospective cohort study, which included 15 hospitals in Beijing, China. This analysis included 15,003 pregnant women who delivered in Beijing from June 20th to November 30th, 2013. The incidence of PE was calculated. Risk factors for PE, including maternal age, pre-gestational body mass index (BMI), parity, chronic hypertension, pre-existing diabetes, and gestational diabetes mellitus, were assessed. PE was defined as early- or late-onset PE based on clinical manifestations during the week of delivery, and mild or severe PE based on the severity of the disease. Logistic regression analysis was used to quantify the association with the risk factors, and data were displayed as odds risks (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).Results:The overall incidence of PE was 2.65% (397/15,003). The prevalence of early-onset and late-onset PE was 0.36% (54/15,003) and 2.29% (343/15,003), respectively. The prevalence of mild and severe PE was 0.91% (137/15,003) and 1.73% (260/15,003), respectively. Risk factors including high BMI considered overweight (adjusted odds risk (aOR): 1.48; 95% CI: 1.06-2.05; P= 0.02) and obesity (aOR: 2.15; 95% CI: 1.50-3.08; P < 0.001), nulliparity (aOR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.32-2.25; P < 0.001), multiple gestation (aOR: 4.58; 95% CI: 2.86-7.32; P < 0.001), and chronic hypertension (aOR: 34.95; 95% CI: 26.60-45.93; P < 0.001), were associated with increased risk for PE. Only chronic hypertension (aOR: 13.75; 95% CI: 4.78-39.58; P < 0.001) was a significant risk factors for early-onset PE, whereas high BMI considered both overweight (aOR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.09-2.18; P= 0.01) and obesity (aOR: 2.23; 95% CI: 1.53-3.27; P < 0.001), nulliparity (aOR: 2.00; 95% CI: 1.49-2.68; P < 0.001), multiple gestation (aOR: 4.11; 95% CI: 2.40-7.05; P < 0.001), and chronic hypertension (aOR: 35.57; 95% CI: 26.66-47.47; P < 0.001) were more relevant risk factors for late-onset PE. Risk factors including obesity (aOR: 2.20; 95% CI: 1.28-3.76; P < 0.01 and aOR: 1.80; 95% CI: 1.16-2.80; P= 0.01), nulliparity (aOR: 2.28; 95% CI: 1.44-3.60; P < 0.001 and aOR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.09-2.02; P= 0.01), multiple gestation (aOR: 5.50; 95% CI: 2.87-10.67; P < 0.001 and aOR: 3.51; 95% CI: 1.93-6.41; P < 0.001), and chronic hypertension (aOR: 33.98; 95% CI: 22.20-52.01; P < 0.001 and aOR: 35.03; 95% CI: 25.40-48.31; P < 0.001) were associated with mild and severe PE. Moreover, we found that women with an increasing number of these risk factors had a higher risk of developing PE than pregnant women without any identified risk factors.Conclusion:The incidence of PE in this study is consistent with previous reported studies. Our findings indicate chronic hypertension and multiple gestation are the most important risk factors for PE in Chinese pregnant women. The risk for developing PE is associated with both the type and abundance of risk factors. These factors are valuable when monitoring patients at risk for PE, as this can help ensure an earlier diagnosis and prediction in women who are more likely to develop PE.

简介：AbstractBackground:Although the incidence and clinical manifestations of pituitary apoplexy were reported by a few researches, the results are not consistent. This study aimed to explore the risk factors associated with an incidence of apoplexy in pituitary adenomas.Methods:The clinical information of 843 patients with pituitary adenoma from the Department of Neurological Surgery, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, was reviewed. The incidence, clinical manifestation, and potential risk factors for pituitary apoplexy were analyzed by a case-control study.Results:In total, 121 patients (14.4%) with macroadenoma were suffered from pituitary apoplexy. Headache, vomiting, and visual impairment are the top 3 symptoms for the pituitary apoplexy. Logistic regression results showed that the hypertension(hypertension vs non-hypertension OR = 2.765, 95%CI: 1.41~5.416), tumor type (negative staining vs. positive staining, OR = 1.501, 95%CI:1.248~5.235), and tumor size (diameter > 2 cm vs. diameter ≤ 2 cm, OR = 3.952, 95%CI:2.211~7.053) are independent factors associated with pituitary apoplexy.Conclusion:Our results indicate that the risk factors for the incidence of pituitary apoplexy depend mainly on properties of the tumor itself (tumor size and pathologic type) and the blood pressure of patients.

简介：在瓷器革新驱动的发展策略下面，风险资本在城市的凝块集成和合作革新成为了一个重要驱动力。这份报纸使用社会网络分析为时期2005-2015在Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei城市的凝块分析风险资本的空间与时间的差别。一个严肃模型和面板数据回归模型被用来在这个区域在风险资本在空间与时间的差别上揭示影响因素。这研究发现在在北京的风险资本网络有某个轮转的变化和不平的区别--Tianjin-Hebei城市的凝块以全部的投资，并且风险资本(北京，Shijiazhuang和Tangshan)的三个中心在包围城市上有stimulatory效果；在城市之间的风险资本的流动显示某些联网规则，而是他们是慢的发展并且强烈向心；在信息基础结构开发和经济开发和风险资本投资的层次之间有强壮的积极关联；并且有相对不发达的金融环境和服务工业的地方不太能使用革新和entrepreneurship的水果并且吸引资金。这研究能在在中国与最好的革新能力造世界级的超级城市的凝块里为Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei城市的凝块充当一本参考书。

简介：人工地介绍的cordgrass，Spartinaalterniflora，很快开拓殖民地于江苏海岸的intertidal公寓，东方中国。一座intertidal公寓上的浅海生物由S入侵了。alterniflora被学习，到识别怎么本地浅海生物种类反应到改变的环境。Epibenthic样品和地表的沉积样品越过Spartina盐沼在十个车站在50空铅沿着岸正常侧面被收集；并且为一个车站的五控制空铅在贫瘠沙泥的公寓上定位了。地表的沉积的谷物尺寸参数显示出那S。alterniflora由套住有细密纹理的沉积沿着intertidal地区的侧面改变了谷物尺寸坡度。Spartinaalterniflora能比土生土长的盐沼植被住在更低的举起，因此创造更好的地表的沉积的更大的区域，它对不在贫瘠沙泥的公寓上存在的本国的epibenthic种类而且种类合适不仅。关联分析证明浅海生物对沉积谷物尺寸和类型敏感，在入侵的S上。alterniflora盐沼。进一步，有一种种间的关系，影响浅海生物的分发。结果证明浅海生物比较喜欢生态的壁龛，在Spartinasaltmarsh以内，甚至在一样的采样车站。

简介：AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are widely used in lung cancer therapy due to their effectiveness and minimal side effects. However, only a few lung cancer patients benefit from ICI therapy, driving the need to develop alternative biomarkers. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) molecules expressed in tumor cells and immune cells play a key role in the immune checkpoint pathway. Therefore, PD-L1 expression is a prognostic biomarker in evaluating the effectiveness of programmed death-1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 inhibitors. Nevertheless, adverse predictive outcomes suggest that other factors are implicated in the response. In this review, we present a detailed introduction of existing biomarkers concerning tumor abnormality and host immunity. PD-L1 expression, tumor mutation burden, neoantigens, specific gene mutations, circulating tumor DNA, human leukocyte antigen class I, tumor microenvironment, peripheral inflammatory cells, and microbiome are discussed in detail. To sum up, this review provides information on the current application and future prospects of ICI biomarkers.

简介：Objective:Thisretrospectivestudyexaminedriskfactorsforcytomegalovirus(CMV)infectionafterumbilicalcordbloodtransplantation(UCBT)andtheimpactofCMVinfectiononpatientsurvival.Methods:Inall176patients,plasmaCMVDNAwasnegativepriortothetransplantation,andexaminedtwiceaweekfor100d,andthenonceweeklyforadditional300d.Preemptiveantiviraltherapy(ganciclovirorfoscarnet)wasstartedinpatientswith>1,000/mLcopiesofCMVDNAbutnofull-blownCMVdisease,andwasdiscontinuedupontwoconsecutivenegativereportsofbloodCMVDNAtest.ThesurvivalandriskfactorsforCMVinfectionordiseasewereexaminedusinglogisticregression.Results:CMVinfectiondevelopedin71%(125/176)ofthepatients,withamedianonsetof32d.Fourpatients(2.3%)developedCMVdisease.Neitherthe5-yearoverallsurvival(OS)norevent-freesurvival(EFS)differedsignificantlyininfectedpatientsvs.thosewithnoinfection(59.4%vs.64.8%,P=0.194;53.4%vs.59.1%,P=0.226).AstepwisemultivariateanalysisindicatedanassociationofCMVinfectionwithage,high-doseglucocorticoids,thenumberoftransplantedCD34+cells,andthenumberofplatelettransfusion,butnotwithgender,theconditioningregimen,andthedayofneutrophilrecoveryandchronicgraft-versushostdisease(cGVHD).Conclusions:CMVinfectionisverycommonafterUCBT,butdoesnotseemtoaffectlong-termsurvivalwithpreemptiveantiviraltreatment.

简介：Arbuscularmycorrhizal(AM)共生者能极大地影响土壤富饶。然而，在AM共生发展层次之间的关系和柠檬mycorrhizosphere玷污微弱地在地里知道的富饶遗体。在我们的学习，AM殖民，孢子密度，菌丝的长度密度，和在柠檬(柠檬reticulataBlanco上的Robertson海军的橘子grafted)的glomalin相关的土壤蛋白质(GRSP)内容，沿着一个高度的坡度的果园在南部的中国季节地被调查。结果显示出那AM殖民和许多孢子，hyphae在不同季节和高度显著地波动。最高的AM殖民(83.03%)在夏天在海水平上面在200m在果园被观察，在在在秋天的400m的果园的孢子密度(16.8孢子g−1土壤)，并且在在在夏天的600个m果园的果园的菌丝的长度密度(2.36mg−1土壤)；当时最低价值(43.60%，2.7孢子g−1土壤和0.52mg−1AM殖民，孢子密度，和菌丝的长度玷污密度，分别地)都在冬季在800m在果园被观察。关联分析证明象土壤有机物，alkali-hydrolyzableN，可得到的P，和pH那样的土壤性质是显著地(P<0.05)断然与任何一个柠檬总数AM殖民或许多孢子和hyphae相关。GRSP是显著地(P<0.05)断然与土壤有机物和pH相关。冗余性分析支持了那严重地玷污象高度，GRSP，土壤有机物，和alkali-hydrolyzableN那样的环境因素(蒙特卡罗排列测试，P=0.002)在柠檬果园的影响AM殖民和许多孢子和hyphae。我们的数据表明了环境因素是的那土壤在在柠檬果园决定AM共生开发重要。

简介：在pluripotency的正式就职的核心管理者最近在体的房间reprogramming期间被发现了的Yamanaka因素的角色。我们的以前的学习发现Yamanaka因素在维持胚胎的茎(ES)房间pluripotency调整一个发展发信号网络。这里，我们完全证实reprogrammed导致了pluripotent茎(iPS)细胞并且由薄片薄片试金在这些细胞分析了Yamanaka因素的全球倡导者占有。我们发现565基因的倡导者是由在iPS房间的四个Yamanaka因素的合作界限，10褶层增加什么时候与他们在ES房间的绑定相比。，在ES房间Oct4，Sox2，或Klf4在iPS房间在激活并且镇压的基因同等地散布的一个单个Yamanaka因素占据的倡导者在激活的主要在镇压基因和c-Myc散布了。薄片薄片数据的小径分析表明Yamanaka因素在iPS房间，12在之中是普通的调整了16条发展发信号小径，4与在ES房间调整的小径相比是唯一的。我们进一步在iPS房间分析了另一最近出版的薄片薄片数据集并且观察了类似的结果，显示出为揭示pluripotency维护和新生的性质的薄片薄片正小径分析的力量。下次，我们试验性地测试了压抑的发信号小径之一并且发现它的抑制确实改进了房间reprogramming的效率。一起拿，我们建议有一个核心为pluripotency必要的发展发信号网络与TGF-，刺猬，Wnt，是的p53压抑(殷)管理者和Jak-STAT，房间周期，焦点的粘附，adherens连接作为活跃(杨)；并且Yamanaka因素synergistically在Yin-Yang调整他们导致pluripotency的平衡方法。

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简介：AbstractObjective:Neurosyphilis is challenging to diagnose, especially in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/syphilis co-infection. The aim of this study was to profile the clinical features of neurosyphilis and evaluate the correlation between neurosyphilis and clinical or laboratory factors among patients with HIV/syphilis co-infection.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the data of 479 HIV/syphilis co-infected patients examined between August 2009 and September 2018. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify factors correlated with neurosyphilis.Results:The overall prevalence of neurosyphilis was 21.7%. The prevalence of neurosyphilis differed among patients with primary (11.1%), secondary (20.1%), and latent syphilis (29.1%). The prevalences of neurosyphilis in patients with serological non-response and serofast patients were 26.1% and 6.3%, respectively, while 12.5% of patients with serological relapse had neurosyphilis. Patients with secondary and latent syphilis had serum rapid plasma reagin (RPR) titers (per unit) of 1.44-fold [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08-1.93, P= 0.014] and 2.73-fold (95% CI: 1.49-5.00, P= 0.001), respectively, which increased the risk of confirmed neurosyphilis. Among patients with latent syphilis, a serum RPR titer of ≥1:32 and peripheral blood CD4 cell count of ≤350/mL were significantly associated with neurosyphilis, with adjusted odds ratios of 9.45 (95% CI: 1.86-48.03, P= 0.007) and 3.75 (95% CI: 1.11-12.66, P= 0.033), respectively.Conclusion:A serum RPR titer of ≥1:32 and a peripheral blood CD4 cell count of ≤350/mL have predictive value in screening for neurosyphilis among HIV-positive patients with latent syphilis.

简介：AbstractBackground:Early detection of gastric cancer (GC) has been the topic of major efforts in China. This study aimed to explore the risk factors associated with GC and to provide evidence for the selection of a high-risk population of GC.Methods:Based on the cancer screening cohort of the National Cancer Screening Program in Urban China, GC patients diagnosed by endoscopy and pathological examinations constituted the case group, and controls were 1:3 matched by sex and age (±5 years) individually. The variables were selected by univariable analysis of factors such as body mass index (BMI), dietary habits, lifestyle, stomach disease history, and family history of GC; and multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of GC and to calculate the odds ratio (OR) of related factors and its 95% confidence interval (CI).Results:A total of 215 GC cases and 645 matched healthy controls were included in the final analysis, with a median age of 61 years for the case and control groups. Overall analysis showed that high educational level (above primary school) (OR = 0.362, 95% CI = 0.219-0.599, P < 0.001), overweight/obesity (BMI ≥24 kg/m2; OR= 0.489, 95% CI = 0.329-0.726, P < 0.001), cigarette smoking (OR = 3.069, 95% CI = 1.700-5.540, P < 0.001), alcohol consumption (OR = 1.661, 95% CI = 1.028-2.683, P = 0.038), history of stomach disease (OR = 6.917, 95% CI = 4.594-10.416, P < 0.001), and family history of GC in first-degree relatives (OR = 4.291, 95% CI = 1.661-11.084, P = 0.003) were significantly correlated with the occurrence of GC. Subgroup analyses by age and gender indicated that GC risk was still increased in the presence of a history of stomach disease. A history of chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer, or gastric polyposis was positively associated with GC, with adjusted ORs of 4.155 (95% CI = 2.711-6.368), 1.839 (95% CI = 1.028-3.288), and 2.752 (95% CI = 1.197-6.326).Conclusions:Subjects who smoke, drink, with history of stomach disease and family history of GC in first-degree relatives are the high-risk populations for GC. Therefore, attention should be paid to these subjects for GC screening.

简介：AbstractBackground:Female breast cancer (FBC) has become the most prevalent malignancy worldwide. We aimed to evaluate the global and regional burden in epidemiological trends and factors associated with the incidence and mortality of FBC.Methods:FBC incidence and mortality in 60 selected countries by cancer registry data integrity in 2020 were estimated from the GLOBOCAN database, and their association with the human development index (HDI) was further evaluated. Trends of age-standardized rates of incidence and mortality in 60 countries from 2000 through 2019 were evaluated by joinpoint regression analysis using data of Global Burden of Disease 2019. The association between potential behavioral, metabolic, and socioeconomic risk factor exposure at the nation level retrieved from the World Bank and Global Health Observatory and the incidence and mortality of FBC were evaluated by multivariate linear regression.Results:FBC incidence and mortality varied greatly in the 60 included countries. Higher incidence and mortality rates were typically observed in countries with higher HDIs and vice versa. During 2000 to 2019, significantly increasing trends in incidence and mortality were observed in 26 (average annual percent changes [AAPCs], 0.35-2.96) and nine countries (AAPC, 0.30-1.65), respectively, while significantly decreasing trends in both incidence and mortality were observed in 22 countries, most of which were high-HDI countries. Among the population aged ≥40 years, there were 26 and 11 countries showing significantly increased trends in incidence and mortality, respectively. Ecological analysis showed that countries with higher prevalence rates of high cholesterol and higher health expenditures were more likely to have higher FBC incidence, and countries with higher rates of obesity and poorer universal health coverage were more likely to have higher FBC mortality.Conclusions:Despite decreased or stabilized FBC incidence and mortality rates were observed in some countries with high HDI over the past decades, disease burden became even severer in developing countries, especially for the population aged ≥40 years. Effective targeted preventive programs are strongly encouraged to reduce the FBC disease burden worldwide.

简介：AbstractBackground:Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune prothrombotic condition with significant morbidity. The objective of this study was to identify additional clinical and epidemiological risks of arterial thrombosis, venous thrombosis, and pregnancy morbidities in a large cohort of persistent antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs)-positive carriers.Methods:This was a cross-sectional cohort study of 453 consecutive patients with a documented positive aPL who attended Peking University People's Hospital. Among 453 patients screened, 297 patients had persistent positive aPL. We compared asymptomatic aPL carriers with thrombotic and obstetric APS patients. And the univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression were used to evaluate the association between different risk factors and APS clinical manifestations. The levels of circulating markers of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) (cell-free DNA and citrullinated histone H3 [Cit-H3]) were assessed and compared among aPL-positive carriers with or without autoimmune disease and APS patients.Results:Additional risk factors associated with arterial thrombosis among aPL-positive carriers included: smoking (odds ratio [OR] = 6.137, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.408-15.637, P = 0.0001), hypertension (OR = 2.368, 95% CI = 1.249-4.491, P = 0.008), and the presence of underlying autoimmune disease (OR = 4.401, 95% CI = 2.387-8.113, P < 0.001). Additional risks associated with venous thrombosis among aPL carriers included: smoking (OR = 4.594, 95% CI = 1.681-12.553, P = 0.029) and the presence of underlying autoimmune disease (OR = 6.330, 95% CI = 3.355-11.940, P < 0.001). The presence of underlying autoimmune disease (OR = 3.301, 95% CI= 1.407-7.744, P = 0.006) is the additional risk, which demonstrated a significant association with APS pregnancy morbidity. Higher circulating levels of cell-free DNA and Cit-H3 were observed among APS patients and aPL patients with autoimmune diseases compared with those aPL carriers without underlying autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, control neutrophils that are conditioned with APS patients' sera have more pronounced NET release compared with those treated with aPL carriers' sera without underlying autoimmune diseases.Conclusions:We identified several potential additional risk factors for APS clinical manifestations among a large cohort of Chinese aPL carriers. Our data may help physicians to risk stratify aPL-positive Asian patients.

简介：在盐的sodic土壤下面的标志叶子和影响因素的光合的率调节的网络在米饭的完整的标题阶段被调查。米饭的光合的率离开的网在非盐的sodic和盐的sodic土壤处理在一天内显示出一条双山峰曲线。网的第一座山峰分别地，而第二在14:00两个都达到顶点，光合的率在盐的sodic和非盐的sodic土壤处理出现在9:0010:00和9:00。网的正午消沉光合的率总是不管非盐的sodic或盐的sodic土壤条件出现了。另外，网光合的率显著地减少了在整天在非盐的sodic条件下面与那相比在盐的sodic下面调节。一些差别在在网络之间的关联字符被观察光合的率和所有影响因素在9:0013:00期间。在非盐的sodic条件下面，日报在一天内的光合的率主要是的网的变化由有气孔的传导力引起了，并且限制价值和有气孔的因素用作决定因素；而在盐的sodic应力下面，日报在一天内的光合的率主要是的网的变化由包括轻紧张和空气温度的非有气孔的因素引起了。

简介：Hotelasahospitalityindustryshouldmanageitsreputationasavaluableassetforthebusinesscontinuity.Thehotel＇sreputationisbuiltupbytheemployee＇sperceptionsoftreatmentandsenseofbelongingandengagementofthehotel.Thepurposeofthisstudyistoanalyzeemployee＇sperceptionsofcorporatesocialresponsibility（CSR）activities,employeeengagement,andcorporatereputationthathavebeenundertakenbythehotelindustryinJakartaandhowdemographicfactorsinfluencetheseperceptions.Thestructureequationmodel（SEM）wasimplementedtofindeachvariableinfluence.Samplesweretakenfromhotelemployeeswhoworkinfive-starhotelsinJakartawith221respondents（responserate78.9%）.TheresultsindicatethatCSRactivitiessignificantlyinfluenceemployeeengagementandcorporatereputation,andatthesametime,employeeengagementsignificantlyinfluencescor0oratereputation.

简介：在这篇论文，为orthotropic板的飞机裂缝问题的压力紧张因素的评估相等参数用一个分数维的二水平的有限元素方法(F2LFEM)被调查。一个orthotropic裂缝问题的一般答案被与各向同性的裂缝问题吸收这个问题获得，并且在F2LFEM作为全球插值功能被采用。在裂缝板的裂缝尖端的邻居，分数维的几何学概念被介绍完成有类似比率的类似的网孔不到一个并且产生一个无穷小的网孔以便在二邻近的层的僵硬矩阵之间的关系是相等的。在裂缝尖端附近的自由的很多度被转变到概括坐标的一个小集合。数字例子证明这个方法在评估压力紧张因素(SIF)有效、精确。

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