简介:摘要:大学英语作为一门针对大学生开展的语言类基础课,通常以夯实学生语言基础,培养学生语言能力为主要目标。目前,大学英语的考试方式普遍为“平时成绩+阶段性考核+期末考试”为主。此种考试方式并不能充分考虑到不同英语基础的学生对于英语课程的掌握能力,进而不能起到考试本应该带来的查漏补缺的目的。因此,本文以大学英语分级考试为研究目标,指出了对大学英语科目进行分级考试的必要性,进而提出实践建议,希望能达到为相关教育教学工作者提出建议的目的。
简介:摘要:油气勘探中,地质录井岩屑捞取工作离不开钻井液振动筛,从井口返出的钻井液携带岩屑进入到振动筛,在振动前行中实现液固分离,分离出的岩屑掉落到岩屑盆中,地质录井人员将岩屑盆中的岩屑用清水进行清洗,初步完成了岩屑捞取工作。岩屑清洗后进入晾晒程序,晾晒干燥后需要装袋存储。岩屑岩性分析是岩屑录井的重要工作环节,其中就涉及到岩屑粒径的分析和描述。在一包岩屑中,混杂了各种粒径的岩屑颗粒,如何将这种混杂的颗粒物进行粒径分级也是一种重要的操作过程。但是,由于常规粒径分级工具应用的局限性,使得该项操作变得复杂而低效,影响了后续工作程序的顺利进行。鉴于此,本篇文章从创新设计入手,探讨一种解决途径。
简介:摘要:在隧道工程的建设周期中,地质勘查工作扮演着重要的角色。地质勘查工作应当尽可能客观且全面的反应出隧道周围的地质情况。其中围岩等级的判定在地质勘查工作中的占比较大,不合理的围岩等级对于隧道建设的安全影响较大。本文介绍了常规且经典的围岩等级判定方法,同时也指出了围岩亚分级的方法及其可靠度分析,结果表明,围岩亚级分级方法准确性较高,对工程具有一定的指导意义。
简介:AbstractBackground:The burden of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in people who use drugs (PWUD) is significant. We aimed to screen HIV infection among PWUD and describe their retention in HIV care. Besides, we also screen for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among HIV-seropositive PWUD and describe their linkage to care.Methods:We conducted a prospective study in 529 PWUD who visited the "Cañada Real Galiana" (Madrid, Spain). The study period was from June 1, 2017, to May 31, 2018. HIV diagnosis was performed with a rapid antibody screening test at the point-of-care (POC) and HCV diagnosis with immunoassay and PCR tests on dried blood spot (DBS) in a central laboratory. Positive PWUD were referred to the hospital. We used the Chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests, as appropriate, to compare rates between groups.Results:Thirty-five (6.6%) participants were positive HIV antibodies, but 34 reported previous HIV diagnoses, and 27 (76%) had prior antiretroviral therapy. Among patients with a positive HIV antibody test, we also found a higher prevalence of homeless (P < 0.001) and injection drug use (PWID) (P < 0.001), and more decades of drug use (P= 0.002). All participants received HIV test results at the POC. Of the 35 HIV positives, 28 (80%) were retained in HIV medical care at the end of the HIV screening study (2018), and only 22 (62.9%) at the end of 2020. Moreover, 12/35 (34.3%) were positive for the HCV RNA test. Of the latter, 10/12 (83.3%) were contacted to deliver the HCV results test (delivery time of 19 days), 5/12 (41.7%) had an appointment and were attended at the hospital and started HCV therapy, and only 4/12 (33.3%) cleared HCV.Conclusions:We found almost no new HIV-infected PWUD, but their cascade of HIV care was low and remains a challenge in this population at risk. The high frequency of active hepatitis C in HIV-infected PWUD reflects the need for HCV screening and reinforcing the link to care.
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简介:摘要以《世卫组织西太平洋区域传统医学国际标准术语》和《ISO 23961-1:2021 中医药-诊断术语-第一部分:舌》共有的舌象术语为对比分析语料,以朱文锋主编的《中医诊断学》和《牛津高阶英汉双解词典(第8版)》为主要参考资料,采取翻译适应选择论,从语言维、文化维、交际维角度分析与总结两大版本舌象术语国际标准的主要特点,发现该类术语选词、词性与结构存在差异、复合特征舌象术语采取单一标准、术语语境阐述不同及标准术语缺失等问题,表明译者在术语语境中为取得不同的交际效果,会考虑其术语适用对象的差异性;另外,WHO舌象术语以教育培训为主要目的,旨在为各国从业者提供基础知识,而ISO舌象术语以信息客观化为主要目的,旨在规范各类诊断仪器之间的信息交互。
简介:神经系统肿瘤尤其是胶质瘤,生长于脑内,我们对其发生和发展的外因一无所知。然而,近一、二十年来,分子遗传学的研究发现胶质瘤属多基因病变,其发生与发展受多种基因的调节。这些基因不仅与细胞生长周期的调节、细胞生存与死亡的调节、细胞转录和生长倍增调节相关,而且还与细胞癌变的启动、肿瘤细胞的病理形态变化、肿瘤细胞的侵袭和转移,肿瘤细胞对药物的敏感性和抗药性、肿瘤细胞对放射治疗的敏感性有关。为了促进对神经系统肿瘤生物学的了解,现将胶质瘤分子遗传学的基本表现及其对肿瘤治疗学的影响作一简要介绍。星形细胞瘤有TP53、LOH17p、PDGFR、EGFR、P16、RB等基因表达,少突胶质细胞瘤有LOH19q、1p、4q等基因改变;少突星形细胞瘤主要为LOH19q与1p改变,部分肿瘤也有TP53和LOH17p基因改变,室管膜瘤则与LOH22基因及NF2和MEN1基因有关。以星形细胞肿瘤为例介绍其分子基因学对肿瘤病理形态学、侵袭和转移、凋亡和抗药及放疗的影响。通过这一介绍可对胶质瘤的分子基因学或分子病理学有一个初步的了解,从而提高对神经肿瘤WHO(2000)新分类的认识,了解按此新分类作诊断对肿瘤治疗的重要性。