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简介：土壤体积密度的测量为理解土壤的物理、化学、生物的性质是重要的。精确、快速的土壤体积密度测量技术在农业试验性的研究起一个重要作用。这评论是存在测量方法的一篇全面摘要并且为未来开发评估他们的优点，劣势，错误的潜在的来源，和方向。这些技术能广泛地作为直接、间接的方法被分类。直接方法包括核心，土块，和挖掘采样，而间接方法包括放射和回归途径。核心方法最广泛地被使用，但是为采样使用多重土壤深度耗时、困难。coring柱体的尺寸使用了，操作员经验，采样深度，并且在原处显著地玷污潮湿内容影响它的精确性。土块方法是合适的因为有重黏土的使用，和它的精确性依赖于设备刻度，弄干时间，和操作员经验，但是这个过程复杂、耗时。挖掘技术最通常被用来评估森林土壤的体积密度，但是把他们不能与大毛孔在土壤被使用，他们的测量精确性被土壤质地和分析的类型强烈影响的主要限制选择。间接方法看起来比直接途径有更大的精确性，但是有更高的费用，是更复杂的，并且要求更大的操作员经验。一如此的途径使用gamma放射，和它的精确性被土壤深度强烈影响。当他们能做间接大小，回归方法是节俭的，但是这些取决于土壤质地和有机物内容和地理、气候的性质的好、优秀数据。另外，它的精确性象大多数另外的途径一样，与采样深度减少。

简介：TheangledependenceofopticalphononmodesofanAlNbulksinglecrystalfromthem-plane（1100）andc-plane（0001）surfaces,respectively,isinvestigatedbypolarizedRamanspectroscopyinabackscatteringconfigurationatroomtemperature.CorrespondingRamanselectionrulesarederivedaccordingtomeasuredscatteringgeometriestoillustratetheangledependence.Theangle-dependentintensitiesofphononmodesarediscussedandcomparedtotheoreticalscatteringintensities,yieldingtheRamantensorelementsofA1（TO）,E22,E1（TO）,andA1（LO）phononmodesandtherelativephasedifferencebetweenthetwocomplexelementsofA1（TO）.Furthermore,theRamantensorofwurtziteAlNiscomparedwiththatofwurtziteZnOreportedinpreviouswork,revealingtheintrinsicdifferencesoflatticevibrationdynamicsbetweenAlNandZnO.

简介：BasedontheframeworkofBSP,aHierarchicalBulkSynchronousParallel(HBSP)performancemodelisintroducedinthispapertocapturetheperformanceoptimizationproblemforvariousstagesinparallelprogramdevelopmentandtoaccuratelypredicttheperformanceofaparallelprogrambyconsideringfactorscausingvarianceatlocalcomputationandglobalcommunication.TherelatedmethodologyhasbeenappliedtoseveralrealapplicationsandtheresultsshowthatHBSPisasuitablemodelforoptimizingparallelprograms.

简介：这份报纸在小粒的固体的体积回答上检验严肃的影响。在这研究的装载情形包括限制压缩，杆穿入进小粒的媒介并且通过一个孔排出。类似的装载和流动条件是可能的在表土在在situ资源利用过程包括的地球外的探索活动受到的压力和变丑政体被遇到。球形、非球形的粒子用分离元素方法(DEM)被学习。虽然DEM逐渐地被用来为小粒的固体建模，模拟结果的小心的确认是相当稀罕的。因此除了探索严肃的效果，这份报纸也在陆上的状况下面把DEM模拟与实验作比较验证DEM是否能生产令人满意的预言。陆上的实验与大照顾被进行并且用DEM仔细模仿了。为粒子的关键机械、几何的性质在DEM模拟为使用在实验室测试被测量。一系列DEM计算然后在减少的严肃下面被执行在地球外的环境下面模仿这些实验。严肃没在限制压缩盒子中在力量传播上有显著效果，这被发现；在杆穿入的装载坡度与严肃线性地成正比；在地窖分泌物的集体流动率是比例的与减少严肃摆平严肃和休息增加的角度的根。这些调查结果与期望一致并且存在科学证据。

简介：BulkZr55Al10Ni5Cu30metallicglassplateswithadimensionof85mm×35mm×4mmandacomplicatedplatewerefabricatedbyinjectingcastingmethodusingspongyzirconiumandindustrialpurityaluminum,nickelandcopperasrawmaterials.Itwasshownthattheholdingtimeofliquidmetalsatelevatedtemperatureshadagreatinfluenceontheoxygencontentoftheplatesduetothecontaminationresultingfromtheatmosphere.Increasingholdingtimeresultedintheincreaseofoxygencontentintheinjectedalloy.Theglasstransitiontemperaturesofthebulkmetallicglassplatesarehigherthanthatreportedintheliteratureandcrystallizationtemperatureislowerfortheonewithhigheroxygencontentatthesameheatingrate.Theextensionoftheundercooledliquidregion△Txreachingabout87Kis3Khigherthanthatpreviouslyreportedand26Khigherthanthatwithoxygencontentof0.076wtpctfortheonewithoxygencontentashighas0.065wtpct.Thereforetheoxygencontentofthealloyhasasignificantinfluenceontheglassformingabilityandthermalstabilityofbulkmetalglass.Itissuggestedthatdirectcorrelationbetweenhighglassformingabilityandlarge△Txisonlyvalidforawell-definedIowoxygenconcentrationorhastobereconsideredbyincorporatingoxygenasanadditionalalloyingelement.

简介：

简介：Se89Zn2Te5In4和Se87Zn2Te5In6chalcogenide合金的作文依赖者微结构形态学变化被调查。玻璃质并且nanophase表面和这些合金的结构的形态学与扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和传播电子显微镜(TEM)的帮助被描述了，并且他们的元素的集中从精力被证实散X光检查光谱学(EDX)。试验性的结果证明Se89Zn2Te5In4合金的微观结构属于纯玻璃质的状态，当Se87Zn2Te5In6合金与nanophase结构时。

简介：Passingonemonthcontinuoustrialoperation,the500kVHVDCtransmissionprojectfromTianshengqiaoHydropowerStationtoGuangzhouwascommissionedonDecember26,2000.ThisindicatesathirdbulkpowerchannelfromwesttoeastandthefirsthybridsystemofHVDCandHVACparalleloperationinChina

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简介：Thispaperinvestigatesthestabilityofnitrogennanobubblesunderdifferentconcentrationsofnitrogenmoleculesbymoleculardynamicssimulations.Itisfoundthatthestabilityofnanobubblesisverysensitivetotheconcentrationofnitrogenmoleculesinwater.Asharptransitionbetweendispersestatesandassemblestatesofnitrogenmoleculesisobservedwhentheconcentrationofnitrogenmoleculesischanged.Therelevantcriticalconcentrationofnitrogenmoleculesneededbytheexistingnitrogennanobubblesisanalyzed.

简介：MechanicalqualityfactorQmisakeycharacteristicparameterofHigh-overtonebulkacousticresonator(HBAR).Theeffectsofstructureparameter(thickness)andperfor?manceparameters(characteristicimpedanceandmechanicalattenuationfactor)ofsubstrate,piezoelectricfilmandelectrodeconstitutingHBARonQmarecarriedout.TherelationshipsbetweenQmandtheseparametersareobtainedbyalumpedparameterequivalentcircuitinsteadofdistributedparameterequivalentcircuitneartheresonancefrequency,andthean?alyticalexpressionsoiQmaregiven.TheresultsshowthatQmincreasesnon-monotonicallywiththecontinuousincreaseofthesubstratethicknessforHBARwithcertainpiezoelectricfilmthickness,anditapproachestothesubstratematerialmechanicalqualityfactorasthesubstratethicknessislarge.QmdecreaseswavilywiththecontinuousincreaseofthepiezoelectricfilmthicknessforHBARwithcertainsubstratethickness.SapphireandYAGwithlowmechanicallossareappropriateasthesubstratetogetalargerQm-TheelectrodelossmustbeconsideredsinceitcanreduceQm-ComparedwithAuelectrode,A1electrodewithlowerlosscanobtainhigherQmwhentheappropriateelectrodethicknessisselected.Inaddition,Qmdecreaseswiththeincreaseoffrequency.TheseresultsprovidethetheoreticalbasisforoptimizingtheparametersofHBARandshowthattrade-oflFsbetweenQmandmustbeconsideredinthedesignbecausetheirchangesareofteninconsistent.

简介：Anewmethodtoreducethereflection-inducedphasebetweenthetwoortho-gonalcomponentsofthelinearlypolarizedlightafterthereflectionsispresented.Thiskindofsensorhaadessiertofabricateandadjustthanthatwhoseinternalreflectionisatcriticalangle.

简介：Inthispaper,weanalyzeabulkinputM[X]/M/1queuewithmultipleworkingvacations.Aquasiuppertriangletransitionprobabilitymatrixoftwo-dimensionalMarkovchaininthismodelisobtained,andwiththematrixanalysismethod,highlycomplicatedprobabilitygeneratingfunction(PGF)ofthestationaryqueuelengthisfirstlyderived,fromwhichwegotthestochasticdecompositionresultforthestationaryqueuelengthwhichindicatestheevidentrelationshipwiththatoftheclassicalM[X]/M/1queuewithoutvacation.ItisimportantthatwefindtheupperandthelowerboundsofthestationarywaitingtimeintheLaplacetransformorderusingthepropertiesoftheconditionalErlangdistribution.Furthermore,wegainthemeanqueuelengthandtheupperandthelowerboundsofthemeanwaitingtime.

简介：荧光灯颜料，基于光或染料的electrooptical性质，是主要部件在荧光灯涂层和墨水。在这研究，三种染料(玫瑰精B，轻格林SF微黄色，香豆素)与四不同比率(2.5?wt%，3?wt%，3.5?wt%，4?wt%)作为发光体被采用，并且三聚氰胺甲醛(MF)树脂被用作治好树脂准备荧光灯在不同颜色的颜料。Fourier变换红外线的光谱学和X光检查diffractometry被执行分析结构荧光灯颜料。扫描电子显微镜学和粒子尺寸分发被用来介绍形态学荧光灯颜料。紫外力并且荧光光谱被用来表明光性质。这能被结束，当玫瑰精B可能是为从粒子尺寸的看法在三种染料之中打印墨水的准备的最好时，香豆素颜料在MF树脂拥有了连续结构。TG结果介绍了那所有颜料显示出好热稳定性，它可能在高速度打印拥有潜在的申请工业。

简介：Fe61Co10Zr5W4B20体积有2公里的一条直径的金属性的玻璃(BMG)被使用铜模子吸扔准备。X光检查衍射(XRD)，微分扫描热量测定(DSC)，微坚硬并且压缩测试被采用调查结构，热稳定性，特别热处理在上的效果微坚硬并且这BMG的压缩力量。大约1207Hv和压缩微坚硬的BMG展览折断大约1707.6MPa的力量。在在结晶化温度的发作下面被退火以后，微坚硬几乎保持不变。但是在在结晶化温度的山峰上面被退火以后，微坚硬第一增加然后与退火的延伸逐渐地衰退时间。然而，为时间的一样的时期退火了，有退火的上升的微坚硬的愿望增加温度，当压缩破裂力量将显然减少时。

简介：Themainuseforspentcoffeegrounds(SCG)producedinthesolublecoffeeindustryisthermalenergygenerationintheindustryitself.TheSCGareprocessedusingoperationsthatarestronglydependentonpowderflowbehavior.Inthisstudy,weevaluatedtwoclassicalflowabilityindicesofnon-consolidatedSCGpowders:theangleofrepose(AoR),andtheHausnerratio(HR).Theinfluencesofthemeanparticlediameter,particlesizedistribution(PSD),andwatercontentontheAoRandHRvaluesofSCGwereanalyzedforpowderswithameanparticlesizerangeof225-550μm.Forpowderswithameanparticlesizecloseto350μmandformixturescontainingmorethan40%fineparticles,theHR(>1.35)andAoR(>45°)valueswerecharacteristicofpoorflowability.TheAoRwassensitivetothepowderPSD,andpowderswithsimilarmeanparticlesizeshadhigherAoRvalueswhenthePSDwaslarger.Forpowdersw让hwatercontentsupto50%,theflowabilityindiceswerenotgreatlyaffectedbythewatercontent.Amodifiedlinear-mixturepackingmodelwasusedtopredictthepackedbedvoidfractionsforbinaryandternarymixturesofthethreebasepowders.ThemodelwasusedtoconstructaternarydiagramtoestimatetheHRvaluesofthemixtures.AnequationwasfittedtocorrelateHRandAoR.TheproposeddiagramandtheequationprovideinsightintoflowbehaviorandcouldbeusedforprocessdesignofindustrialplantsthathandleSCG.

简介：以二不同纯净的Zr开始，基于Ti的体积有Ti40Zr25Cu12Ni320被准备。在形成合金的能力(GFA)的玻璃上的0.2at.%，0.4at.%，0.5at.%，0.6at.%，和1at.%的层次的钇的增加的效果借助于金属组织学，X光检查衍射，和微分扫描热量测定被调查了。试验性的数据显示高杂质内容戏剧性地减少形成能力的玻璃。有0.5at.%Y的Microalloying在压制水晶的阶段形成并且在低纯净的合金减轻氧的有害效果是有效的。相反在包含高纯净的元素的合金，有效的钇增加是不到0.4at.%。结果显示最佳掺杂物的有益的效果主要由于清除是经由无害的阶段的形成的氧杂质。

简介：Basedonthecavestrainobservationdatain2013atTaianseismicstation,weusetheVenedikovharmonicanalysismethodtocalculatethecavestrainmeasurementandphaselagofthetidefactor,andqualitativelyevaluatethestabilityofthetidalfactorforobservationaldataevaluation.Atthesametime,thetwomeasurementitemsoftheobservationinstrumentarecalculated,andthecorrelationstrainparametersareextractedandcompared.Onthisbasis,thestrainparametertimeseriescalculationiscarriedoutonthedataqualityofTaianseismicstation,whichisrelativelystable,andthe2setsofinstrumentsarecompared.Throughtheanalysis,itisfoundthatthestressfieldisabnormal,andthecorrespondingrelationshipbetweentheanomalyofthestressfieldandthegravityfieldiscomparedandanalyzed

简介：Thermaltransportinahighlyporousmetallicwire-wovenbulkKagome(WBK)isnumericallyandanalyticallymodeled.Basedontopologysimilarityanduponintroducinganelongationparameterinthermaltortuosity,anidealizedKagomewithnon-twistedstrutsisemployed.SpecialfocusisplaceduponquantifyingtheeffectoftopologicalanisotropyofWBKuponitseffectiveconductivityItisdemonstratedthattheeffectiveconductivityreduceslinearlyastheporosityincreases,andtheextentofthereductionissignificantlydependentontheorientationofWBK.ThegoverningphysicalmechanismofanisotropicthermatransportinWBKisfoundtobetheanisotropicthermaltortuositycausedbytheintrinsicanisotropictopologyofWBK.