简介：AbstractObjective:To analyze the proportion of peripheral regulatory T cells (Tregs) and the expression of the immune checkpoint molecules T-cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT) and CD226 on Tregs in patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA).Methods:The proportion of CD3+CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs and the expression levels of CD226 and TIGIT on Tregs in 30 normal pregnant women and 28 patients with RSA were determined via flow cytometry.Results:The proportion of Tregs in the RSA group (4.41 % ± 1.54%) was significantly lower than that in the control group (5.27% ± 1.52%, P = 0.0374). Compared with the normal pregnant women, patients with RSA showed decreased TIGIT expression (54.75 ± 9.70% vs. 63.07 ± 12.48%, P = 0.0066) and increased CD226 expression on Tregs (25.59% ± 8.22% vs. 20.46% ± 6.97%, P = 0.0168). The ratio of CD226 to TIGIT in the RSA group (0.48 ± 0.19) was higher than that in the control group (0.34 ± 0.15, P = 0.0027). The proportion of TIGIT+CD226+ Tregs was significantly lower in patients with RSA (9.30% ± 4.95% vs. 13.43% ± 4.72%, P = 0.0020) than in the controls.Conclusions:Patients with RSA show a reduced proportion of Tregs and an imbalance in the expression of TIGIT and CD226 on Tregs.

简介：精索静脉曲张复发是与精索静脉曲张修理联系的最普通的复杂并发症之一。系统的评论被执行评估精索静脉曲张复发率，复发的解剖原因，和周期性的精索静脉曲张的管理的方法。PubMed数据库用关键词“被评估；recurrent”；并且“；varicocele”；象网孔标准“一样；recurrent”；并且“；精索静脉曲张.”；文章没被包括那不在英语、代表的单个案例报告，完全集中了于无临床症状的精索静脉曲张，或完全集中了于一张小儿科的人口(年龄<；18)。复发的率从0%～35%与精索静脉曲张修理的技术变化。复发的解剖能被venography定义。精索静脉曲张复发的管理能是外科的或经由embolization。

简介：在怀孕期间，在microchimerism的获得的结果，它经久地装在两个接受者坚持的母亲胎儿的房间交换。自然地获得的microchimerism可以在怀孕影响母亲胎儿的相互作用。我们进行了研究问一个女人从她的自己的母亲获得了的microchimerism是否是可检测的在前或在在有周期性的流产的女人的怀孕期间。胎儿的microchimerism也是assayed。有主要自发的周期性的流产的女人(n=；23)并且控制(n=；31)被学习。Genotyping为probands，他们的母亲和胎儿，被进行识别的非分享的多型性和量的聚合酶链反应表现了测量microchimerismin外设血mononuclear房间。预想比较在周期性的流产题目和控制之间被做，用逻辑回归和Wilcoxon等级和。在周期性的流产题目的随后的怀孕的纵的microchimerism被描述。向在周期性的流产对控制的microchimerism的更低的预想察觉有一个趋势，6%；对19%；(1/16对6/31，P=；0.2)。在怀孕期间，3/11(27%；)继续了有的周期性的流产题目，出生从他们的自己的母亲有microchimerism的察觉，而任何一个继续了流产的二个题目都没有察觉(0/2)。这个起始的数据当可检测时，与周期性的流产在女人从一个女人的自己的母亲建议那microchimerism，可以不同于控制并且根据随后的怀孕结果。进一步的研究被需要在周期性的流产决定房间类型，数量和microchimerism的任何潜在的功能的角色。

简介：TheauthorsdeterminetheHausdorffandBouliganddimensionsofaclassofrecurrentsetsbyusingelementarymethodsand,asacorollary,giveanewproofofaconjecturebyDekkingwhichhasbeenprovedbyBedfordbyusingtheergodictechniques.

简介：Asurveyof2,002unmarriedwomenunder24yearsofagewhorequestedabortionsinfourChinesecitiesindicatesthatreproductivetractinfection(RTI)hasbecomeamajorfactoraffectingthereproductivehealthofunmarriedwomenhavingabortions.

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简介：Abstract:Thepossiblecausesofcondylomaacuminatarecurrencearesummarized:suchaspatientswithcellularimmunedeficiencies,physicaltherapytriggeringsubclinicalinfectivefoci,sowingofthevirusparticles,andinsufficienttherapy.Correspondingpreventivemeasuresareaddressed,including:immunomodulatorsimprovingcellularimmunity,ensuringtherangeanddepthofphysicaltherapy,andtreatingsexualpartnerssimultaneously.

简介：ZouYan,female,researcher,majoringinevidence-basedmedicine,graduatedfromWestChinaSchoolofMedicine,SichuanUniversityandgainedadegreeofMedicalDoctor.Shehadbeenengagedinclinicalworkofobstetricsandgynecologyfortenyears.Currently,sheworksasHeadofWomenClinicalLaboratoryintheScientificResearchInstituteofNationalHealthandFamilyPlanningCommission,andamasterinstructorofDepartmentofObstetricsandGynecologyinPekingUnionMedicalCollege.

简介：AbstractPreterm parturition is the consequence of pathological signals that activate the common pathway of parturition and considered as a syndrome. Many risk factors for spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) have been identified. Two significant risk factors for sPTB are history of prior sPTB and short cervical length at midtrimester. 17 hydroxyprogesterone caproate, vaginal progesterone, cerclage, and pessary have all been studied for prevention of sPTB. Difference in patient populations likely contributes to the conflicting study results. Further studies are needed to establish strategies in prevention of sPTB in singleton as well as multiple pregnancies.

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简介：Cellsinmammaliancochleaevirtuallystopproliferationandexitcellularcirclebeforebirth.Consequently,haircellsandspiralganglionneuronsdestroyedbyototoxicfactorscannotbereplacedthroughproliferativeregeneration.However,substantialproliferationoccursinorganotypicculturesofcochleaefrompostnatalmice.Inthepresentstudy,westudiedthetimecourseofproliferativegrowthinculturesofmousecochleaexplantsobtainedfromupto12postnataldays.Themitoticnatureofthisgrowthwasconfirmedbybromodeoxyuridine(BrdU)stainingandexpressionofproliferationcellnuclearantigen(PCNA)evaluatedwithreal-timequantitativepoly-merasechainreaction(RT-PCR).Similargrowthtimecoursewasfoundinthecochlearexplantsofdifferentpostnatalages.Thenewgrowthreacheditsmaximumataround2daysinculturefollowedbyaslow-down,andvirtuallystoppedafter5daysofculture.Thepossiblemechanismsandthesignificanceofthisproliferationarediscussed.

简介：AIM:Toevaluatetheepidemiologyandoutcomesofculture-positivespontaneousbacterialperitonitis(SBP)andspontaneousbacteremia(SB)indecompensatedcirrhosis.METHODS:Weprospectivelycollectedclinical,laboratorycharacteristics,typeofadministeredantibiotic,susceptibilityandresistanceofbacteriatoantibioticsinonehundredthirtycases(68.5%males)withpositiveasciticfluidand/orbloodculturesduringtheperiodfromJanuary1,2012toMay30,2014.AllpatientswithSBPhadpolymorphonuclearcellcountinasciticfluid>250/mm3.InpatientswithSBathoroughstudydidnotrevealanyothercauseofbacteremia.Thepatientswerefollowed-upfora30-dperiodfollowingdiagnosisoftheinfection.Thefinaloutcomeofthepatientswasrecordedintheendoffollow-upandcomparisonamong3groupsofpatientsaccordingtothepatternofdrugresistancewasperformed.RESULTS:Gram-positive-cocci(GPC)werefoundinhalfofthecases.ThemostprevalentorganismsinadescendingorderwereEscherichiacoli(33),Enterococcusspp(30),Streptococcusspp(25),Klebsiellapneumonia(16),S.aureus(8),Pseudomanasaeruginosa(5),otherGram-negative-bacteria(GNB)(11)andanaerobes(2).Overall,20.8%ofisolatesweremultidrug-resistant(MDR)and10%extensivelydrugresistant(XDR).Health-care-associated(HCA)and/ornosocomialinfectionswerepresentin100%ofMDR/XDRandin65.5%ofnon-DRcases.MeropenemwastheempiricallyprescribedantibioticinHCA/nosocomialinfectionsshowingadrug-resistancerateof30.7%whilethirdgenerationcephalosporinsof43.8%.MeropenemwasineffectiveonbothXDRbacteriaandEnterococcusfaecium(E.faecium).AllbutoneXDRweresusceptibletocolistinwhileallGPC(includingE.faecium)andthe86%ofGNBtotigecycline.Overall30-dmortalitywas37.7%(69.2%forXDRand34.2%fortherestofthepatients)(logrank,P=0.015).Inmultivariateanalysis,factorsadverselyaffectingoutcomeincludedXDRinfection(HR=2.263,95%CI:1.005-5.095,P=0.049),creatinine(HR

简介：Thispaperanalyzestherelationshipbetweencapacityanddynamicsinrecurrentcorrelationneuralnetwork,andpointsoutthatinsomeconditionstherecurrentcorrelationneuralnetworkhashighmemorycapacity.Thenthispaperpresentsseveralmethodsforimprovingtheperformance.

简介：Inthispaper,wepresentatechniqueforensuringthestabilityofalargeclassofadaptivelycontrolledsystems.WecombineIQCmodelsofboththecontrolledsystemandthecontrollerwithamethodoffilteringcontrolparameterupdatestoensurestablebehaviorofthecontrolledsystemunderadaptationofthecontroller.Wepresentaspecificapplicationtoasystemthatusesrecurrentneuralnetworksadaptedviareinforcementlearningtechniques.Theworkpresentedextendsearlierworksonstablereinforce...

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简介：AbstractObjective:Mifepristone (RU486), one of the most common medications for artificial abortion, attenuates the immunoregulatory effects of progesterone. However, the specific immune regulatory mechanism of RU486 in abortion remains unknown. We intended to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of RU486 on abortion.Methods:Sixty female mice were divided into the control group (0 mg RU486) and RU486 group (2 mg/kg RU486). The uterus, peripheral blood, and spleen were obtained for isolation of specific cell types. The population and phenotype of immune cells in the decidua, peripheral blood, and spleen were analyzed using flow cytometry. Statistical differences between groups were determined using two-tailed t-test. For all statistical tests, P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results:RU486 effectively induced abortion in pregnant mice, with a significantly higher number of decidual macrophages (dMφ) (control group = 25.55% ± 2.467%, RU486 group = 19.41% ± 1.423%; P < 0.05), especially the major histocompatibility complex IIhigh subset. No difference in Mφ number was observed in the spleen or peripheral blood. Moreover, the dMφ from mice with RU486-induced abortion displayed a remarkable activated phenotype, with increased expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin (IL)-12 but decreased expressions of arginase-1 and IL-10. We also found elevated levels of decidual CD4+ T-cells in the RU486 group that exhibited a higher level of the proinflammatory cytokine interferon-γ and a lower level of the anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-4 and IL-10.Conclusions:We report a new mechanism of RU486-induced abortion via the regulation of innate cell Mφ activation and the adaptive response of CD4+ T-cells present in the decidua but not the periphery.

简介：震荡器刺激在不同频率的表面下的接口而且电磁波上产生波浪领域的不仅思考和折射。在这篇论文，我们在自发的潜在的地上探讨导致颤动的效果。自发的潜在的领域上的可控制的颤动的效果在真实的地下面被学习地质的条件。试验性的数据证实自发的潜在的领域上的导致颤动的效果确实在领域条件下面存在。在很长时间间隔上监视记录在那里显示出那存在在自发的潜力上的导致颤动的效果的三个信息地区回答。这些是变化信号的地区，极端马厩的地区，和松驰恢复地区。与不同好地点的数据结合了，这被结束在信息地区的异例的变化时间的特征仔细与表面下的液体(油和水)的性质有关。

简介：Spontaneousbacterialperitonitisisacomplicationofasciticpatientswithend-stageliverdisease(ESLD);spontaneousfungalperitonitis(SFP)isacomplicationofESLDlessknownanddescribed.ESLDisassociatedtoimmunodepressionandtheresultingincreasedsusceptibilitytoinfections.RecentperspectivesofthemanagementofthecriticallyillpatientwithESLDdonotspecifytherateofisolationoffungiincriticallyillpatients,noteventheantifungalsusedfortheprophylaxis,neitheroptimaltreatment.Wereviewed,inordertofocustheepidemiology,characteristics,and,consideringthehighmortalityrateofSFP,theuseofoptimalempiricalantifungaltherapythecurrentliterature.

简介：肯明斯(E.E.Cummings)在美国现代诗人中以风格奇特而闻名.他对传统的诗歌形式进行了大胆创新,借助独特的形式表达特定的含义."OSweetSpontaneous"一诗以独特的形式讴歌自然,颂扬大地自然的、不受拘囿的天性,表达了诗人蔑视理性、尊崇自然的思想.本文从文体学的角度,分析诗人在修辞、词汇、形式、音韵、句法等方面的技巧,以求对这首诗有更加深刻的理解.