简介:针对瓷质渗花砖黑色、蓝色和粉红色等特殊色泽渗花效果差的质量难题,德国贝克吉利尼化学有限公司最近推出了BK渗透釉和完善的技术服务。
简介:AbstractBackground:BK polyomavirus (BKPyV)-associated nephropathy (BKPyVAN) is an important cause of dysfunction and failure of renal transplants. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of morning urine specific gravity (MUSG) in diagnosing BKPyVAN in kidney transplant recipients.Methods:A total of 87 patients, including 27 with BKPyVAN, 22 with isolated BKPyV viruria, 18 with T cell-mediated rejection(TCMR), and 20 with stable graft function, were enrolled in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University from March 2015 to February 2017. MUSG at biopsy and during a follow-up period of 24 months after biopsy was collected and analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the ability of MUSG to discriminate BKPyVAN.Results:At biopsy, the MUSG of BKPyVAN group (1.008 ± 0.003) was significantly lower than that of isolated BK viruria group(1.013 ± 0.004, P < 0.001), TCMR group (1.011 ± 0.003, P = 0.027), and control group (1.014 ± 0.006, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in MUSG among the isolated BK viruria group, TCMR group, and control group (P = 0.253). In BKPyVAN group, the timing and trend of MUSG elevate were consistent with the timing and trend of the decline of viral load in urine and plasma, reaching a statistical difference at 3 months after treatment (1.012 ± 0.003, P < 0.001) compared with values at diagnosis. ROC analysis indicated that the optimal cut-off value of MUSG for diagnosis of BKPyVAN was 1.009, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.803 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.721–0.937). For differentiating BKPyVAN and TCMR, the optimal MUSG cut-off value was 1.010, with an AUC of 0.811 (95% CI: 0.687–0.934).Conclusion:Combined detection of MUSG and BKPyV viruria is valuable for predicting BKPyVAN and distinguishing BKPyVAN from TCMR in renal transplant recipients.
简介:这是一篇告解,由于欲告解的内容,其过程太惨烈不忍卒听,告解者决定用他,而非我,来陈述。一切从他接了电话开始,也许他不接,或没接到,就不发生任何事情了。所以电话真的不是什么好东西,无非证明了一句实话:“人在家中坐,祸从天上来。”电话是家庭好友打来的。家庭?为什么?因为,他的社会关系是零,是鸭蛋。煮蛙理论罢,蛙在渐温渐热渐滚烫渐沸腾的锅中而浑然不知死之将至。他初起婉谢各种社交活动的时候,多么为难,心虚,低声下气到说尽好话只差没
简介:釉里红,瓷器釉彩名。以铜为呈色剂绘画纹饰,然后施透明釉再入窑高温一次烧成。因其为红色,绘于釉下,故名釉里红。釉里红牡丹纹饰表现技法主要有涂绘、线绘和拔白。釉里红通常与青花组合。青花釉里红的出现,极大拓展了牡丹纹饰的应用空间。以铜作为呈色剂牡丹纹饰釉里红,经过漫长岁月才成熟。汉代陶器已使用铜料作为呈色剂,到了唐代多地瓷窑又有开拓创新,四川邛窑和湖南长沙窑都用铜料在高温还原气氖中,烧制成红色的釉里红彩斑。其中,湖南长沙窑遗址还发现釉下以锢料描绘图案的釉里红。北宋河南钧窑更是成功地以铜为呈色刑烧出釉下紫红色的产品,这都为牡丹纹饰釉里红的形成奠定了技术基础。至元代牡丹纹饰釉里红才烧制成功。
简介:PolyomavirusBK(BKV)infectsupto90%ofthegeneralpopulation.Afterprimaryinfection,occurringearlyduringchildhood,astateofnon-replicativeinfectionisestablishedinthereno-urinarytract,withoutcomplicationsforimmunocompetenthosts.Inimmunocompromisedindividuals,particularlytransplantedpatients,asymptomaticBKVviremiaand/orviruriacanbeobserved.RenalgraftsmayalsobesourcesofinfectionasBKVpreferskidneysratherthanothersolidorgansfortransplantationsuchastheliver.ThemechanismbehindthehigherincidenceofBKVinfectioninkidneytransplantpatients,comparedtoliverorhearttransplantation,isunclearandtheprevalenceofBKVinfectioninnon-renalsolidorgantransplantshasnotbeenyetthoroughlyinvestigated.WeevaluatedtheprevalenceofPolyomavirusBKinfectionamonglivertransplantrecipients.APubMedsearchwasconductedusingthetermsBKVinfectionANDlivertransplantrecipients;BKVANDnon-renalsolidorgantransplant*;BKVinfectionANDimmunosuppression;thesearchwaslimitedtotitle/abstractandEnglish-languagearticlespublishedfrom2000,toMarch2015.ElevenrelevantstudiessuggestthattheprevalenceofBKVviruriaand/orviremiaamonglivertransplantrecipientsislessthanthatreportedinkidneyorhearttransplantrecipients,exceptwhenchronickidneydisease(CKD)ispresentatthesametime.DataalsosuggestthatviruricandviremicpatientshavehigherlevelsofserumcreatininethanBKVnegativepatients.Moreover,nospecificimmunosuppressivedrugsareassociatedwiththeonsetofBKVnephropathy.ThecomorbidityoftransplantationandCKDcouldplayamajorroleinpromotingBKVreplication.
简介:黑釉凸线纹瓷器是宋金元时期北方磁州窑系诸窑场中常见而具有鲜明特色的黑釉产品。本文以罐这一典型器类为切入点,根据其装饰特征和形制变化,并参考出土单位早晚关系等,将黑釉凸线纹瓷器的发展演变划分为萌芽、繁荣、衰亡三期,年代分别为宋末至金代前期、金代中后期、金末至元代;在此基础上,指出其兴衰与磁州窑的市场地位、社会生活背景及人们的审美情趣密切相关。此外,笔者推断黑釉凸线纹技法直接源自白釉凸线纹碗盘,后者可能是受定窑“出筋”技法启发而成。至于初创窑口,目前学界有“鹤壁窑说”“钧台窑说”“观台窑说”“磁州窑说”等四种观点,本文倾向于最后一种;其创烧年代应在宋末金初,而不是通常认为的北宋中晚期。