简介：目的提高对单侧声带麻痹病因的认识及诊断.方法对61例以单侧声带麻痹为主要临床表现且最终诊断为喉外恶性肿瘤的病例进行回顾性分析.结果61例肿瘤中依次为肺癌29例(47.54%)、食管癌17例(27.87%)、甲状腺癌8例(13.11%)最常见.结论部分喉外恶性肿瘤以单侧声带麻痹为主要临床表现,对单侧声带麻痹患者应作全面而详细的检查,以防漏诊、误诊.

简介：目的分析眼眶神经鞘瘤的计算机体层摄影（computedtomography，CT）和磁共振成像（magneticresonanceimaging，MRI）表现，并探讨其在诊断和鉴别诊断中的价值。方法回顾性分析经手术和病理证实34例眼眶神经鞘瘤，其中CT扫描26例，MRI检查4例，CT加MRI检查4例。结果27例肿块位于肌锥内，7例位于肌锥外，多呈椭圆形和类圆形。CT平扫为等密度，多数密度均匀，增强后不均匀强化。MRI表现为肿瘤T1WI呈等或略低信号，T2WI呈中高信号，肿瘤囊变区T1WI呈低信号，T2WI呈高信号，增强后瘤体实质部分呈均匀强化，而囊变部分不强化。结论CT与MRI均能显示眼眶内的肿块，MRI对神经鞘瘤诊断及鉴别诊断的准确性优于CT。

简介：资料患者男性,35岁。因左侧颈部淋巴结肿大伴皮肤瘙痒半年余就诊。2014年10月血常规：嗜酸性粒细胞计数为4.78×109/L,百分比为43.01%。入院体格检查：左侧颈部及双侧腹股沟可扪及多枚肿大淋巴结,最大约1.5cm×3.0cm,质中,表面光滑,活动可,无压痛。左侧额部可见条索状隆起血管。入院血常规：嗜酸性粒细胞计数为4.70×109/L,百分比达到35．8％。

简介：目的探讨老年性聋临床听力表现特点。方法选用41例老年性聋患者进行纯音测听检查和言语测听检查（言语识别阈，言语识别率和合成语句检查）。结果纯音听力图以高频缓降和高频陡降为主。静态下言语识别率和合成语句检查得分均高于噪声下言语识别率和竞争声合成语句检查，差异有显著性意义（P〈0．01）。老年性聋纯音听力损害程度与言语识别率不完全一致。结论老年性聋患者不仅有耳蜗、听神经受损和退变，更有中枢分辨能力的蜕化。

简介：目的研究不典型眼肌型重症肌无力（OMG）患者的临床表现。方法回顾性分析了自2003年6月-2009年12月到我院就诊的36例不典型眼肌型重症肌无力患者的临床特点。结果年龄10-68岁,上睑下垂9例,内直肌麻痹8例,外直肌麻痹6例,上斜肌麻痹2例,4例有复视,2例仅有眼睛不适和视物模糊感,2例辐辏麻痹,1例眼轮匝肌麻痹,1例患者先后出现内直肌麻痹,外直肌麻痹及上斜肌麻痹,1例全眼外肌麻痹。全组中症状有晨轻暮重及波动性表现且疲劳试验阳性的有24例,占66.7%;新斯的明试验阳性者32例,占88.9%。低频重复神经电刺激：全组10例,阳性率27.8%。SFEMG额肌异常29例,阳性率80.6%。结论一些临床表现不典型,疲劳试验阴性的眼肌型重症肌无力患者,应常规给予新斯的明试验。不典型OMG重复低频电刺激阳性率低,SFEMG仍可作为一项不可或缺的重要辅助检查手段,提高眼肌型重症肌无力的检出率,减少漏诊误诊。

简介：目的：报道1例罕见的临床上表现为眼眶炎性假瘤形式的视神经束膜炎,并且强调区分视神经束膜炎和脱髓鞘的球后视神经炎。方法：病例报道。结果：一个54岁的健康的马来西亚女性,主诉右侧持续性头痛3d伴有复视。疼痛与眼球活动相关联。脑部和眼眶MRI显示右侧视神经鞘和眶内脂肪条纹异常增强,未有异常的增强提示脱髓鞘疾病。这名患者诊断为右眼视神经束膜炎。从开始使用全身性的类固醇激素,维持并逐渐减量超过6mo。她的症状得到缓解并且直到最近的随访都没有复发。结论：所有的眼眶炎性假瘤病例都应该考虑存在视神经束膜炎的可能,在开始治疗前必须与球后视神经炎相鉴别。因为这两种疾病有不同的治疗原则和预后。

简介：AIM:Toevaluatetheefficacyandsafetyoftrabeculectomy,phacotrabeculectomyplusintraocularlensimplantation(phacotrab+IOLgroup)andphacoemulsificationwithIOL(phaco+IOL)inprimaryangle-closureglaucoma(PACG).METHODS:Itwasasystematicreviewandmeta-analysis,randomizedcontrolledtrials(RCT)andclinicalcontrolledtrials(CCT)werecollectedthroughelectronicsearchesoftheCochraneLibrary,PubMed,EMbase,WanfangDatabaseonline,ChinesejournalFull-textDatabase,ChineseScientificJournalsFull-textDatabase(fromthedateofbuildingthedatabasetoOctober2010)Wealsocheckedthebibliographiesofretrievedarticles.Alltherelateddatathatmatchedourstandardswereabstracted.ThequalityofincludedtrialswasevaluatedaccordingtotheDutchCochraneCentre.RevMan5.0softwarewasusedforMeta-analysis.RESULTS:Atotalof5RCTand11CCTinvolving1495eyeswereincluded.Theresultsofmeta-analysisshowedthatphacotrab+IOLgroupwassuperiorthantrabeculectomy(trabgroup)(MD-3.93,95%CI[-7.31,-0.54])whichwasalsosuperiorthanphaco+IOLgroup(MD0.52,95%CI[0.10,0.95])indecreasingIntraocularPressure(IOP).Phacotrabgroup(MD-1.45,95%CI[-1.68,-1.22])andphacogroup(MD-1.12,95%CI[-1.87,-0.37])arebothdeeperthantrabgroupintheanteriorchamberdepth.Inincreasingthecoefficientofoutflowfacilityofaqueoushumor(Cvalues)therewasnostatisticaldifferenceinthethreegroups.Andtherewasnostatisticaldifferencebetweenphacotrabgroupsandphacogroupsinvisualacuitybutphacotrabgroupwassuperiorthanphacogroup(MD1.07,95%CI[0.73,1.40])intheuseofIOP-loweringdrugs.Therewasnostatisticaldifferenceamongthreegroups.CONCLUSION:Currentevidencesuggeststhatphacotrab+IOLgroupwassuperiorthantrabgroupwhichwasalsosuperiorthanphaco+IOLgroupindecreasingIOP.Phacotrabgroupandphacogrouparebothdeeperthantrabgroupintheanteriorchamberdepth.PhacotrabgroupwassuperiorthanphacogroupintheuseofIOP-loweringdrugs.

简介：AIM:Toreporttheeffectivenessandsafetyofprimary23-Gauge(G)vitreoretinalsurgeryforrhegmatogenousretinaldetachment(RRD).·METHODS:Inthisretrospectivestudy,49eyesof49consecutivepatientswhounderwentprimary23-Gtransconjunctivalsuturelessvitrectomy(TSV)forRRDbetweenJanuary2007andJuly2009atourinstitutionwereevaluated.·RESULTS:Meanfollow-uptimewas8.9±7.7months(1-28months).Retinalreattachmentwasachievedwithasingleoperationin47(95.9%)of49eyes.Intwoeyes(4.1%),retinalredetachmentduetonewbreakswassuccessfullytreatedwithreoperationusingthe23-GTSVsystem.MeanlogMARvisualacuitywas2.01±0.47preoperativelyand1.3±0.5postoperatively(P<0.001,Pairedt-test).Meanpreoperativeintraocularpressure(IOP)was14.1±2.8mmHg.MeanpostoperativeIOPwas12.3±3.6mmHgat1day,13.1±2.1mmHgat1week,14.3±2.2mmHgat1month.Iatrogenicperipheralretinalbreakwasobservedin1eye(2.0%)intraoperatively.Nosutureswererequiredtoclosethescleralorconjunctivalopenings,andnoeyesrequiredconvertionofsurgeryto20-Gvitrectomy.·CONCLUSION:Primary23-GTSVsystemwasobservedtobeeffectiveandsafeinthetreatmentofRRD.

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简介：目的：分析婴幼儿泪囊炎患者的主要致病菌和药物敏感性,为临床合理用药提供依据。方法：采集83例86眼婴幼儿泪囊炎患者的泪囊分泌物进行细菌培养和药敏试验分析。结果：患者86眼中,84眼细菌培养阳性,阳性率为97.7%,共分离出细菌94株,其中革兰氏阳性菌67株,占71.3%,革兰氏阳性菌的前三位敏感药物为利福平、左氧氟沙星、氯霉素;革兰氏阴性菌27株,占28.7%,革兰氏阴性菌前三位敏感药物为左氧氟沙星、氯霉素、夫西地酸、头孢他啶。结论：G＋菌为婴幼儿泪囊炎的优势致病菌,其中以草绿色链球菌和表皮葡萄球菌最常见。G＋菌较G-菌耐药性高,左氧氟沙星、氯霉素等治疗婴幼儿泪囊炎有效。

简介：AIM:Tocomparethetrabecularmeshwork(TM)andirisapoptosisoftreatedanduntreatedprimaryopenangleglaucoma(POAG)patients.METHODS:Eighttreatment-naive,newlydiagnosed(group1)and11medlcaiytreated(group2)patientswithPOAGwereincludedinthestudy.Eachpatientunderwentalimbus-basedtrabeculectomy.TheTMandperipheralirisspecimensweredissectedoutandweresnap-frozeninliquidnitrogenandstoredat-80tuntiltheywereassayed.ApoptosisineachgroupwasassesedbyTUNELmethod.RESULTS:Themeanpatientagewas60.6±5.8years(53-68years)vs58.9±8.9years(47-70years)ingroup1andgroup2(P=0.859).Themeantreatmenttimeingroup2was22.2±7.3months(12-34months).ApoptoticindexesinTMandirisweresignificantlyhigherinPOAGpatientsusingmedication(group2)comparedtotreatment-naivePOAGpatients(group1)(P=0.004,0.015;respectively).CONCLUSION:LongtermadministrationoftopicalantiglaucomamedicationscausesadditionaltoxiceffectsonTM.