简介：Manylow-ordermodelingstudiesindicatethattheremaybemultipleequilibriaintheatmosphereinducedbythermalandtopographicforcings.However,mostworkusesuncoupledatmosphericmodelandjustfocusesonthemultipleequilibriawithdistinctwaveamplitude,i.e.,thehigh-andlow-indexequilibria.Here,alow-ordercoupledland-atmospheremodelisusedtostudythemultipleequilibriawithbothdistinctwavephaseandwaveamplitude.Themodelcombinesatwo-layerquasi-geostrophicchannelmodelandanenergybalancemodel.Highlytruncatedspectralexpansionsareusedandtheresultsshowthattheremaybetwostableequilibriawithdistinctwavephaserelativetothetopography:one(theother)hasalowerlayerstreamfunctionthatisnearlyin(outof)phasewiththetopography,i.e.,thelowerlayerridges(troughs)areoverthemountains,calledridge-type(trough-type)equilibria.Thewavephaseofequilibriumstatedependsonthedirectionoflowerlayerzonalwindandhorizontalscaleofthetopography.Themultiplewavephaseequilibriaassociatedwithridge-andtrough-typesoriginatefromtheorographicinstabilityoftheHadleycirculation,whichisapitch-forkbifurcation.Comparedwiththeuncoupledmodel,theland-atmospherecoupledsystemproducesmorestableatmosphericflowandmoreridge-typeequilibriumstates,particularly,theseeffectsareprimarilyattributedtothelongwaveradiationfluxes.Theupperlayerstreamfunctionsofbothridge-andtrough-typeequilibriaarealsocharacterizedbyeitherahigh-orlow-indexflowpattern.However,themultiplewavephaseequilibriaassociatedwithridge-andtrough-typesaremoreprominentthanmultiplewaveamplitudeequilibriaassociatedwithhigh-andlow-indextypesinthisstudy.

简介：Threetyphoons,Goni,MorakotandEtauwhichweregeneratedinWesternPacificin2009,aresuccessfullysimulatedbytheWRFmodel.Thehorizontalandverticalvorticityandtheirinteractionareanalyzedanddiagnosedbyusingthesimulationresults.Itisshownthattheirresultantvectorshadafixedpatternintheevolutionprocessofthethreetyphoons:Thehorizontalvorticityconvergedtothetropicalcyclone(TC)centerbelow900hPalevel,flowedoutfromitataround900to800hPa,andflowedinbetween800hPaand700hPa.Ifmultiplemaximumwindspeedcentersshowedup,thehorizontalvorticityconvergedtothecenterofthetyphoonbelowthemaximumwindspeedcenteranddivergedfromtheTCcenterabovethemaximumwindspeedcenter.Atlowlevels,thethreetyphoonsinteractedwitheachotherthroughverticalcirculationgeneratedbythevortextube.Thiscirculationwasmainlygeneratedbytheeastwardorwestwardhorizontalvorticityvectors.Cloudsandprecipitationweregeneratedontheascendingbranchoftheverticalcirculation.ThevortextubesoftenflowedtowardthesouthwestoftherightTCfromthenortheastoftheleftTC.Accordingtothefullvorticityequation,thehorizontalvorticityconvertedintotheverticalvorticitynearthemaximumwindspeedcenterbelow850hPalevel,andtheperiodofmostintenseconversionwasconsistentwiththeintensificationperiodofTC,whilethevorticityadvectionwasagainsttheintensification.Theverticalvorticityconvertedintothehorizontalvorticityfrom800hPato600hPa,andthewindspeeddecreasedabovethemaximumwindspeedregionatlowlevels.

简介：在正常多信道的匹配过滤器使用的过滤器操作员身体上是可实现的。这个过滤器操作符仅仅在过滤进程推迟地震数据。noncausal多信道的匹配过滤器基于一个最少的广场标准被建议解决在哪个预言多重模型数据比真实数据迟了的问题。原因、非原因的多信道的匹配过滤器之间的差别用一个合成射击集合被比较，它表明非原因的匹配过滤器的有效性。另外，滑动随着偏移量和层速度变化的窗户的可变长度被建议解决与在滑动窗户的固定长度增加偏移量增加的事件的计数。滑动窗口的这可变长度也被介绍进修改并且膨胀的多信道的匹配过滤器。这个方法被用于Pluto1.5合成数据集合。非原因的过滤器操作符和可变长度滑动窗户的好处被好多重变细结果表明。

简介：为图解的道路网络的多重限制印射地图的设计被分析并且总结。基于这，一套量的标准被设置，一条新道路联网归纳方法包括进步选择和排水量被建议。而且，为道路网络的拓扑的检查方法被研究。把限制基于这些，在一个道路网络的点被分类，并且当维持在原版和草图之间的道路网络的拓扑的一致性时，一张令人满意、有效的草图在一个具体实验被设计。

简介：Inthispaper,ananalyticmethodisdevelopedtoaddresssteadySH-wavescatteringandperformdynamicanalysisofmultiplecircularcavitiesinhalfspace.ThescatteredwavefunctionusedforscatteringofSH-wavesbymultiplecircularcavities,whichautomaticallysatisfiesthestress-freeconditionatthehorizontalsurface,isconstructedbyapplyingthesymmetryoftheSH-wavescatteringandthemethodofmulti-polarcoordinatessystem.Applyingthisscatteredwavefunctionandmethodofmovingcoordinates,theoriginalproblemcanbetransformedtotheproblemofSH-wavescatteringbymultiplecircularcavitiesinthefullspace.Finally,thesolutionoftheproblemcanbereducedtoaseriesofalgebraicequationsandsolvednumericallybytruncatingtheinfinitealgebraicequationstothefiniteones.Numericalexamplesareprovidedforcasewithtwocavitiestoshowtheeffectofwavenumber,andthedistancesbetweenthecentersofthecavitiesandfromthecenterstothegroundsurfaceonthedynamicstressconcentrationaroundthecavityimpactedbyincidentsteadySH-wave.

简介：活跃多重调节集体水坝pers(叫作AMTMD)，它与相同僵硬和抑制系数由几活跃调节集体水坝pers(ATMD)组成但是变化质量和控制力量，最近被建议了在地面加速下面压制结构的不受欢迎的摆动。AMTMD能显著地改进多重调节集体水坝pers(MTMD)的表演并且在比单个ATMD减少结构摆动也是更有效的，这被显示出。尽管有这，AMTMD的好性能(包括从频率域分析说明的singleATMD)不能必然在时间域翻译成好地震减小行为。调查这些现象，AMTMD与三ATMD控制的一个三故事的钢结构模型在SIMULINK被实现并且使遭到了到几历史的地震。同样，在考虑下面的结构被假定有僵硬的不确定性，例如±15%它的起始的僵硬，在数字模拟。AMTMD的最佳设计参数被与AMTMD实现一般结构的最大的动态放大倍数(DMF)的最小的值的最小化在频率域获得。为比较目的，一样的反应分析组织与作为壁炉，ATMD也被执行。当与一个单身者相比为结构的ATMD使遭到了到历史的地震时，数值分析和比较证明AMTMD通常显示更好的有效性。特别地，AMTMD能与±1的僵硬的不确定性为结构改进单个ATMD的有效性5%它的起始的僵硬。

简介：AgeopulseseismicsystemwasimplementedtoobtainnewinformationonunderlyingstratabeneaththeYellowRiverDelta.However,owingtotheslippingofseafloorandshallowwater(<25m),freesurface-relatedmultiplesareconflictedwiththeflatprimaries,whichmayinstructtheinterpretersinawrongwayandmakewrongconclusions.Owingtothevariationofmultipleperiods,standardanti-multipletechniquesmaylosetheirpower,suchaspredictivedeconvolution.Surface-relatedmultipleeliminationmethodsareintroducedtoattenuatethemultiplesbasedontheunderlyingwave-equationprinciples.Theresultsjustifiedthemethodonthesingle-channelgeopulseprofile,revealingtherealnatureofthesubsurface.

简介：在在多重线性回归(MLR)之间的季节的降水预报技巧的差别的调查整体并且简单多，模型整体平均数(他们)基于单个模型的预报质量。在以前的研究的差别的可能的原因被分析。以便做学习区域的模拟能力相对一致，有不同时间的关联系数的三个区域为这研究被选择。结果证明导致MLR途径的无能力的原因在不同区域之中变化。在Niño3.4区域，在单个模型以内的强壮的合作线性通常是主要原因。在高纬度区域，然而，没有重要合作线性能在单身的模型的单个模型，而是能力被发现是那么差的它在这个区域为超级整体预报使MLR来临不恰当。另外，当我们比较源于的结果时，注意各种各样的分数大小的使用能导致一些差异是重要的不同多为整体途径建模。

简介：寓言的氡变换广泛地在多重变细被使用了。为了进一步改进氡的精确性和效率，转变，我们开发了高分辨率的氡变换由Abbad基于快、修改的寓言的氡变换介绍了的-f领域。一个新变量的介绍使变换操作员频率无关。因此，我们需要计算变换操作员和它的反的操作员仅仅一次，它极大地改进计算效率。而且，因为primaries和multiples在有在-f域的不同斜坡的直线上是分布式的，我们容易装选择过滤操作符压制multiples。同时，建议方法提供高分辨率的氡变换的优点，它能极大地改进attenuating的精确multiples。数字实验建议multiples很好被压制，primaries的振幅对偏移量特征是维持的井。真实数据处理结果进一步验证方法的有效性和可行性。

简介：ThepotentialfordevastatingearthquakesintheHimalayanorogenyhaslongbeenrecognized.The2015MW7.8Gorkha,Nepalearthquakehasheightenedthelikelihoodthatmajorearthquakeswilloccuralongthisorogenicbeltinthefuture.Reliableseismichazardassessmentisacriticalelementindevelopmentofpolicyforseismichazardmitigationandriskreduction.Inthisstudy,weconductprobabilisticseismichazardassessmentusingthreedifferentseismogenicsourcemodels(smoothedgridded,linear,andarealsources)basedonthecomplicatedtectonicsofthestudyarea.Twosetsofgroundmotionpredictionequationsarecombinedinastandardlogictreebytakingintoaccounttheepistemicuncertaintiesinhazardestimation.Long-termslipratesandpaleoseismicrecordsarealsoincorporatedinthelinearsourcemodel.Peakgroundaccelerationandspectralaccelerationat0.2sand1.0sfor2%and10%probabilitiesofexceedancein50yearsareestimated.Theresultingmapsshowsignificantspatialvariationinseismichazardlevels.TheregionoftheLesserHimalayaisfoundtohavehighseismichazardpotential.AlongtheMainHimalayanThrustfromeasttowestbeneaththeMainCentralThrust,largeearthquakeshaveoccurredregularlyinhistory;hazardvaluesinthisregionarefoundtobehigherthanthoseshownonexistinghazardmaps.Inessence,thecombinationoflongspanearthquakecatalogsandmultipleseismogenicsourcemodelsgivesimprovedseismichazardconstraintsinNepal.

简介：Estuarineprocessesinthearcticlagoonsareamongtheleaststudiedbutimportantsubjects,especiallyconsideringtherapidwarmingofarcticwaterwhichmaychangethelengthofice-freeperiodinthesummer.Inthispaper,wind-drivenexchangeflowsinthemicro-tidalElsonLagoonofnorthernAlaskawithmultipleinletsofcontrastingwidthsanddepthsarestudiedwithinsituobservations,statisticalanalysis,numericalexperiments,aregressionmodelonthebasisofdynamics,andremotesensingdata.WatervelocityprofileswereobtainedfromabottomdeployedacousticDopplercurrentprofiler(ADCP)inthenorthwesternEluitkakPassconnectingtheBeaufortSeatotheElsonLagoonduringa4.9dayice-freeperiodinthesummerof2013.Thesubtidalflowisfoundcorrelatedwithwind(R~2value~96%).Frequentlyoccurringeast,northeastandnorthwindsfromthearcticatmospherichigh-andlow-pressuresystemspushwaterfromtheBeaufortSeaintothelagoonthroughthewideinletsontheeasternsideofthelagoon,resultinginanoutwardflowagainstthewindatthenarrownorthwesterninlet.Thecounter-windflowisaresultofanunevenwindforcingactingthroughtheasymmetricinletsanddepth,aneffectof'torque'orvorticity.Undernorthwestwind,theexchangeflowatthenorthwesterninletreversesitsdirection,withinwardflowsthroughtheupwindnorthwesterninletandoutwardflowsthroughthedownwindeasterninlets.AregressionmodelisestablishedbasedonthemomentumequationsandTaylorseriesexpansions.ThemodelisusedtopredictflowsinJulyandAugustof2015andJulyof2017,supportedbyavailableLandsatsatelliteimages.About73%–80%ofthetimetheflowsatEluitkakPassareoutofElsonLagoonforthesummerof2015and2017.Numericalexperimentsareconductedtocorroboratethefindingsandillustratetheeffectsundervariouswindconditions.Aquasi-steadystatebalancebetweenwindforceandsurfacepressuregradientisconfirmed.

简介：在通过β飞机barotropic的reinvestigated与加热和驱散的考虑建模的热带空气的多重equilibria和他们的稳定性。Wehave首先导出相应于多重equilibria或稳定流的模型方程的答案，然后直接由theLiapunov的使用为稳定流的稳定性建立标准方法。这些标准什么时候被用于equilibria的答案，获得了；马厩在热带区域与伪静止的循环的不同模式有关仔细流动，它是，被发现。在他们中的二个之间的这些稳定的流动和移动的配置作为季节变化提供相当合理的解释给象发作的大祸机制和亚洲夏季风的break-activecycle那样的热带发行量特征的许多基本问题。因而，发作或Asiansummer季风的突然的转变能被归因于热带发行量的多重平衡性质源于移流的非线性，它在其它之中提供另一解释。

简介：地震反应一孤立垂直、圆柱的、额外大的液化天然气(LNG)由一个多重磨擦摆钟系统(MFPS)的坦克被分析。大多数额外大的LNG坦克有包含大多数地震地面运动的回声的一个范围的基本频率。它是到一个隔离系统的反应在强烈地震下面为额外大的LNG存储坦克使用了的减少的一条有效的路。然而，由于象低温度，软地点和另外的严重环境因素那样的问题与普通隔离轴承在实践实现是困难的。MFPS孤立的额外大的LNG坦克在这研究被介绍处理这些问题。MFPS为地震与长占优势的时期导致的大排水量是适当的。由Malhotra和Dunkerley的一个简化有限元素模型被用来决定隔离系统的实用性。数据报导了并且统计上排序包括堆积砍，波浪高度，冲动的加速，对流加速和外部坦克加速。结果证明隔离系统为不同液体层次有优秀适应性并且在控制额外大的LNG坦克的地震反应是很有效的。

简介：在西方的太平洋上发生在2004-2006之间的八热带气旋的轨道的整体预言实验被与五积云parameterizationschemes使用MM5执行了。结果证明热带气旋的轨道的预言对积云parameterization计划的选择敏感。每个计划有它的自己的优点和劣势，并且没有积云parameterization计划的断言不是最糟，有时平比其它好。并且所有显著地三个整体方法改进轨道的预言，在哪个之中没有parameterization计划，Grell，Betts厂主和Kain-Fritsch计划的整体方法是最好。

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简介：Thesurface-relatedmultipleelimination(SRME)methodisbasedonfeedbackformulationandhasbecomeoneofthemostpreferredmultiplesuppressionmethodsused.However,somedifferencesareapparentbetweenthepredictedmultiplesandthoseinthesourceseismicrecords,whichmayresultinconventionaladaptivemultiplesubtractionmethodsbeingbarelyabletoeffectivelysuppressmultiplesinactualproduction.ThispaperintroducesacombinedadaptivemultipleattenuationmethodbasedontheoptimizedeventtracingtechniqueandextendedWienerfiltering.ThemethodfirstlyusesmultiplerecordspredictedbySRMEtogenerateamultiplevelocityspectrum,thenseparatestheoriginalrecordtoanapproximateprimaryrecordandanapproximatemultiplerecordbyapplyingtheoptimizedeventtracingmethodandshort-timewindowFKfilteringmethod.AfterapplyingtheextendedWienerfilteringmethod,residualmultiplesintheapproximateprimaryrecordcanthenbeeliminatedandthedamagedprimarycanberestoredfromtheapproximatemultiplerecord.ThismethodcombinestheadvantagesofmultipleeliminationbasedontheoptimizedeventtracingmethodandtheextendedWienerfilteringtechnique.Itisanidealmethodforsuppressingtypicalhyperbolicandothertypesofmultiples,withtheadvantageofminimizingdamageoftheprimary.Syntheticandfielddatatestsshowthatthismethodproducesbettermultipleeliminationresultsthanthetraditionalmulti-channelWienerfiltermethodandismoresuitableformultipleeliminationincomplicatedgeologicalareas.

简介：这份报纸涉及搬到领导人追随者形成的多重underactuated表面容器的形成控制问题。形成被追随者完成追踪相对领导人定义的一个虚拟目标。追踪法律的一个柔韧的适应目标被使用神经网络和backstepping技术建议。建议控制计划的优点是不明确的非线性的动力学由Coriolis/centripetal力量引起了，非线性的抑制，从环境的unmodeled水动力学和骚乱能被补偿由在线学习上。把分析基于Lyapunov，追踪的错误集成到起源的一位小邻居的建议控制器保证。模拟结果表明控制策略的有效性。

简介：Homogenizationofclimateobservationsremainsachallengetoclimatechangeresearchers,especiallyincaseswheremetadata(e.g.,probabledatesofbreakpoints)arenotalwaysavailable.Toexaminetheinffuenceofmetadataonhomogenizingclimatedata,theauthorsappliedtherecentlydevelopedMultipleAnalysisofSeriesforHomogenization(MASH)methodtotheBeijing(BJ)dailytemperatureseriesfor1960-2006inthreecaseswithdifferentreferences:(1)13M-consideringmetadataatBJand12nearbystations;(2)13NOM-consideringthesame13stationswithoutmetadata;and(3)21NOM-considering20furtherstationsandBJwithoutmetadata.Theestimatedmeanannual,seasonal,andmonthlyinhomogeneitiesaresimilarbetweenthe13Mand13NOMcases,whilethoseinthe21NOMcaseareslightlydifferent.ThedetectedbiasesintheBJseriescorrespondingtothedocumentedrelocationdatesareaslowas-0.71~0C,-0.79~0C,and-0.5~0Cfortheannualmeaninthe3cases,respectively.Otherbiases,includingthoseundocumentedinmetadata,areminor.TheresultssuggestthatanymajorinhomogeneitycouldbedetectedviaMASH,albeitwithminordifferencesinestimatinginhomogeneitiesbasedonthedifferentreferences.Theadjustedannualseriesshowedawarmingtrendof0.337,0.316,and0.365~0C(10yr)~(-1)forthethreecases,respectively,smallerthantheestimateof0.453~0C(10yr)~(-1)intheoriginalseries,mainlyduetotherelocation-inducedbiases.TheimpactoftheMASH-typehomogenizationonestimatesofclimateextremesinthedailytemperatureseriesisalsodiscussed.

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