陕西省宝鸡中学罗镏锋
一、教学分析
1.教学课题:
本课选自《人教版普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语(必修1)》第4单元《地震》阅读课文:《地球的一个不眠之夜》。
NewSeniorEnglishforChinaStudent’sBook1Unit4EarthquakesReading:ANighttheEarthDidn’tSleep
课程类型
阅读课
课时
45分钟
4.教材分析
本文叙述了1976年7月28日凌晨发生在河北省东北部唐山市的大地震。地震前夕,唐山地区发生了一系列的反常现象,这些“怪事”其实都是地震前的预兆,可惜在当时并没有引起人们的注意和警觉。20世纪最大的一场地震就在唐山发生,短短15秒钟的地震就几乎将整个城市夷为平地,伤亡人数达到40多万!地震后城市一片凄惨,紧接着下午又发生了一次强烈的余震,幸存者感到悲哀的同时又产生了惊恐与不安。在解放军的救援和全国各地的支援帮助下,被地震摧毁的唐山又开始得以复苏。阅读部分在整个单元中起着举足轻重的作用,是点睛之笔。
学情分析
经过高一一段时间的英语学习,学生初步掌握了略读、跳读等阅读技巧以及识别关键词、确定主题句、预测等阅读微技能,形成了初步的阅读策略。部分学生的基础知识较为薄弱,运用英语进行交际活动的能力较差,然而他们学习比较认真,好胜心强,渴望在班集体里得到他人的承认,很在乎别人对他们的评价;求知欲旺盛,思维比较活跃。部分学生的英语基础较好,能主动配合老师,愿意开口讲。因此,只有设置使他们感兴趣的活动,因材施教,才能让所有学生投入到课堂活动中来。
6.教学重难点
教学重点:①阅读并理解课文,从而使学生了解地震前兆、地震危害和震后救援等相关知识。
②通过对本篇课文的阅读,掌握各种阅读技巧。
教学难点:①如何利用略读、查读等阅读技巧和识别关键词、确定主题句、预测等阅读手段形成阅读策略。
②如何帮助学生运用阅读策略,促进学生自主学习。
③怎样以阅读课的教学为依托,全面训练学生的听说读写能力。
7.教学目标
知识目标:充分理解课文大意并完成所给的任务,并用所学的英语知识与同学进行交流、沟通,学会交际。
能力目标:在运用语言的过程中培养学生的观察力、分析力、想象力和自学能力,帮助学生加强记忆力,提高思维能力和运用英语的综合能力,激发创造能力。
情感目标:①通过学习本文,使学生提高对自然界中灾难的警惕及采取预防措施。
②学习唐山人民勇敢面对自然灾害,积极进行灾后重建的精神及中华民族“一方有难,八方支援”的伟大民族精神。
③在教学活动中培养学生的合作精神和互助精神。
8.教学方法
我在教学中淡化语言点和语法知识的简单传授,采用任务型教学法和小组合作探究学习法,从而扩大课堂的语料输入量及学生的语言输出量,注重培养学生“课前、课中、课后”良好的学习习惯。我具体采用了以下教学方法:
①提问法——逐步引导,逐渐深入;
②自主探究法——学生实践,巩固提高;
③归纳法与整理法——学生实践,形成积极的抽象思维;
④讨论法——积极参与,总结规律,形成正确的自我评价与相互评价;
⑤点拨法——展开联想,拓宽思路。
9.教学手段
①多媒体辅助教学:将本课所需要的动画、录音、电影片段、图片、文字、音乐等制成课件,使抽象的语言变得直观,为学生运用英语进行交际创设情景。
②非测试性评价:本课我将各种活动设计成小组活动和填写课堂自我评价表等非测试性评价手段,帮助学生学会自主学习,学会与人合作,培养创新意识以及具备科学的价值观。
二、教学过程
Step1Leading-in导入
Showsomepicturestothestudents.
Teacher:Firstlet’sgettoknowtheman,whoiscalledMr.Nature.Heisveryemotional.Whenheishappy,hestayscalmandshowsusbeautifulnaturalscenery.Butwhenhegetsangry,hebecomesatroublemakerandcausesmanynaturaldisasters.Canyounamethefollowingnaturaldisasters?
Suggestedanswers:Flood,drought,fire,volcano,typhoon,tornado,rock-mudflow,snowslide,earthquake
Teacher:Asweallknow,anearthquakeisakindofcommondisasters.Itcancausegreatdamagetopeople.Haveyoueverexperiencedanearthquake?
(Students’answers)
Teacher:Canyoudescribeyourfeelingsatthattime?
(Students’answers)
Teacher:Whydoesanearthquakehappen?
Suggestedanswers:ScientistsbelievethatthesurfaceoftheearthiscoveredbyanumberofmovingplatessuchasthePacificplate,theIndianplate,theEurasianplate,andsoon.Sometimestwoplatesmovetowardsandpushagainsteachother.Sometimestheystopforyearsbutatothertimestheyjumpandanearthquakeisfelt.Anearthquakeistheresultofthemovementoftheseplates.
Teacher:WeknowChinaisacountrywheremanyearthquakeshappen.WhydoesChinahavealotofearthquakes?
Suggestedanswers:BecausethePacificplateispushingChinafromtheeastandtheIndianplateispushingChinafromthesouthwest.ThepowerofthismovementcreatedtheHimalayasandMountQomolongma.ItnowcausesearthquakesinChina.TaketheWenchuanearthquakeforexample,theIndianplatemovednorthwardsandputpressureontheEurasianplate.ItledtotheriseoftheQinghai-TibetPlateau.ThentherisenQinghai-TibetPlateaumovedeastwardsandputpressureonSichuanBasin.Atlast,theWenchuanearthquakehappened.Wenchuanislocatedonsolidrockoftheactiveearthquakebelt,whichmakesthequakespreadveryfar.ItwasfeltinmanyprovincesinChina,includingShaanxiProvince.
Teacher:Usuallywecanseedarkclodsintheskybeforerain.Darkcloudsareasignofrain.Similarly,somethingunusualoftenhappensbeforeanearthquake.Whatdoyouthinkwillhappenbeforeanearthquake?
Suggestedanswers:Therearebrightlightsinthesky.Chickensareflyinganddogsarebarking,andpigsandcowsaretoonervoustoeat.Fishjumpoutofthepond,andmiceranwidelyoutofthefields.Thewellhasdeepcracksinitandthewaterinitrisesandfalls.
Teacher:Ifwecanreadthesesignsfromnature,it’sveryusefulforustomakegoodpreparationsforthecomingdisaster.Ok.34yearsago,astrongearthquakehitTangshancityanddestroyedeverything.Nowlet’slearnabouttheterribleearthquake.Turntopage26.Lookatthereadingpassage—ANighttheEarthDidn’tSleep.Whatinformationdoesthewritertrytogiveusthroughthetitle?/Whatdoesthetitlemean?
Suggestedanswers:“Theearthdidn’tsleep”meanstheearthwasactiveortheearthshook.“ANighttheEarthDidn’tSleep”isapoeticwayofsayingthatanearthquakehappenedatnight.Thetitleattractspeople’sattention.
【设计说明】
为了调动学生的学习积极性,导入部分采用了多媒体动画、图片、文字等,形象直观。导入部分由三个步骤构成:
①首先用多媒体展示一个动画卡通人物“自然先生”,他是一个很情绪化的人。当他高兴时,他心平气和,展现自然美景;但当他生气发怒时,他变成一个制造麻烦的人,造成许多自然灾难。同时,展现一些包括地震在内的常见自然灾害图片,请学生辨认。通过将自然界拟人化,更能激发学生的学习兴趣,调动学生的学习积极性。
②询问学生是否经历过地震,谈论2008年5月12日发生的四川汶川地震。继而探讨“为什么发生地震?”“中国为何多发地震?”等问题,提高学生对地震成因的认识。
③让学生讨论地震前可能出现的征兆,使学生明白如果我们能够了解并认识地震前的预兆,就能提前做好准备,让更多的人获得求生的机会,减少或避免不必要的损失。最后引出本文ANighttheEarthDidn’tSleep,并让学生对文章标题进行理解。
Step2Fastreading泛读
Readthetextquicklyandtrytofinishthefollowingexercises.
A.Newwordsorphrases
burst:breakopenbecauseofpressurefrominside
atanend:finished
nation:allthepeopleinthecountry
steam:gasthathotwatergivesout
inruins:destroyed
extreme:verygreatindegree
useless:ofnouse
shocked:surprisedverymuch
rescue:savesomebodyorsomethingfromdanger
shelter:aplacethatprotectsyoufromtheweatherordanger
B.Questions
1.WhendidtheTangshanearthquakehappen?
Suggestedanswers:Theearthquakehappenedat3:42amonJuly28,1976.
2.Howmanypeoplewerekilledorinjuredintheearthquake?
Suggestedanswers:Morethan400,000peoplewerekilledorinjuredintheearthquake.
3.Wasallhopelost?Howdidthearmyhelpthepeoplethereaftertheearthquake?
Suggestedanswers:No,allhopewasnotlost.Thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantohelptherescueworkers.Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.
C.Structureofthetext
1.Matchtheparagraphsintherightcolumnwiththeirheadingsintheleftcolumn.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneed.
2.pidethetextinto3partsandfindoutthetimeofeachpart.
【设计说明】
我在黑板上列出了本文出现的几个生词并用英语解释,锻炼学生的英语思维。然后让学生快速阅读课文,回答几个问题。问题难度不大,即便是学困生也能完成。成功会给他们以最大的满足,产生自豪感,增强学习动力。本文是按照事件发展的顺序来写的,具有较清晰的时间线索。本文共四段,我设置了五个段落标题,其中一个是多余的。我要求学生为每段选择最合适的标题,并将本文分为三个部分,搞清楚每部分发生的时间,这锻炼了学生的总结归纳能力和对全文整体理解的能力,也与高考的阅读要求一致。
Step3Carefulreading精读
Listentothetapeanddothefollowingtasks.
1.Trueorfalse
①PeopleinTangshanwerewarnedoftheearthquakeanddidn’tgotobedthatnight.(F)
②PeopleinBeijingalsofelttheearthquake.(T)
③One-thirdofthenationdiedorwereinjuredduringtheearthquake.(F)
④Twodamsfellandafewbridgesalsofellorwerenotsafefortravelling.(F)
⑤Laterthatafternoon,anotherbigearthquakewhichwasmuchstrongerthanthefirstoneshookTangshan.(F)
⑥Soonafterthequakes,manysoldiersweresenttoTangshantohelptherescueworkers.(T)
⑦Slowly,thecityofTangshanbegantorecoverfromtheearthquake.(T)
2.Fillinblanksoftheformaccordingtothetext.
TimeEventsResult
BeforetheTangshanearthquake
3daysbeforetheearthquakewellwater:roseandfell
wellwalls:haddeepcracks
asmellygas:cameoutofthecracks
Animals’unusualbehaviors
chickensandpigs:toonervoustoeat
mice:ranoutofthefields
fish:jumpedoutoftheirbowlsandponds
Peopleofthecitythoughtlittleoftheseeventsandwereasleepasusualthatnight.
atabout3amonJuly28,1976saw:brightlightsinthesky
heard:thesoundofplanes
waterpipes:crackedandburst
DuringtheTangshanearthquake
at3:42amonJuly28,1976Felt:
Everythingbegantoshake
ItwasfeltinBeijingmorethan200kmaway.
One-thirdofthenationfeltit.
Saw:
ahugecrackwhichwas8kmlongand30mwide
Steamburstfromholesintheground.
hardhillsofrock:becameriversofdirt
thelargecity:layinruinsin15seconds
bricks:coveredtheground
twodamsandmostofthebridges:fell
railwaytracks:uselessGreatdamages
Everythingwasdestroyed.
Allthehospitals,75%ofitsfactoriesandbuildingsand90%ofitshomesweregone.
Morethan400,000peoplewerekilledorinjured.
laterthatafternoonanotherearthquakehappened
somerescueworkersanddoctors
weretrappedundertheruins
morebuildings:fell
water,foodandelectricity:werehardtoget
AftertheTangshanearthquakeallhope:wasnotlost
thearmy:sent15,000soldierstohelp
workers:builtsheltersforsurvivors
freshwater:wasalsotakentothecitySlowly,thecitybegantobreatheagain.
3.Retellthetextaccordingtotheform.
【设计说明】
此部分让学生细读课文。精读过程中采取让学生边听录音边齐读的教学方式,使学生达到听和读的统一。精读分为三部分:对错练习、填写表格和课文复述。对错练习考查了学生对文章细节的理解。填写表格是对错练习的补充,考查学生对文章的深度理解,实现对文章理解的升华。课文复述要求学生结合表格所填写的内容对文章进行口头表述,可提高学生的英语口头表达能力。整个教学过程体现了素质教育的全体性,由浅入深、由易到难、由表及里的阅读理解练习能给不同程度的同学提供体验成功乐趣的机会,能调动全体学生参与的积极性。此外,在此教学环节播放冯小刚电影《唐山大地震》片段,使学生直观地感受地震巨大的破坏力,加深对文章内容的理解,并进一步调动学生学习本文的兴趣。
Step4Post-reading读后
Discussion
1.Isitdifficultoreasytopredictearthquakes?Canwestopearthquakes?
2.Whatshallwedoornotdoifanearthquakehappens?
Givestudentssomestatementsandaskthemdecidewhichissafeandwhichisdangerous.
Stayinasmallroom,suchaskitchenorbathroom.
Stayonthebalcony.
Jumpoutofthetallbuildings.
Ifyouhaven’tenoughtimetoescape,youmaystandclosetotheinsidewallwithsomethingcoveringonthehead.
Usethelife.
Ifyoustayintheopenair,keepoffthetallbuilding,andgotothefieldswithouttrees.
Standclosetothewindows.
Hideunderapieceofheavyfurniture.
3.Whatwillyoudoifyouhearthenewsthatbigearthquakeshappeninotherplaces?
B.Interview
Workinpairs.Supposeyouareanewspaperreporter,andtheotherisasurvivorfromtheTangshanearthquake.Nowthenewspaperreporterisinterviewingthesurvivor.Pleaseacttheinterviewout.
【设计说明】
本部分开展的教学活动是建立在学生对文章整体理解的基础上的。讨论和采访活动既锻炼了学生利用所学知识进行英语语言交际的能力,又使学生增长防震减灾的相关知识,并培养学生的爱心和爱国主义情怀,为本堂课画上圆满的句号。此部分作为本文阅读后的一个拓展和升华,体现了素质教育中培养学生创新思维的思想。
Step5Assignment作业
1.Writeasummaryofthetext.
2.Ifyouwanttoknowmoreaboutearthquakes,youcansearchtheInternet.
3.小组课堂评价表(课后完成)
Time
Events
Result
BeforetheTangshanearthquake
3daysbeforetheearthquake
wellwater:roseandfell
wellwalls:haddeepcracks
asmellygas:cameoutofthecracks
Animals’unusualbehaviors
chickensandpigs:toonervoustoeat
mice:ranoutofthefields
fish:jumpedoutoftheirbowlsandponds
Peopleofthecitythoughtlittleoftheseeventsandwereasleepasusualthatnight.
saw:brightlightsinthesky
heard:thesoundofplanes
waterpipes:crackedandburst
DuringtheTangshanearthquake
at3:42amonJuly28,1976
Felt:
Everythingbegantoshake
ItwasfeltinBeijingmorethan200kmaway.
One-thirdofthenationfeltit.
Saw:
ahugecrackwhichwas8kmlongand30mwide
Steamburstfromholesintheground.
hardhillsofrock:becameriversofdirt
thelargecity:layinruinsin15seconds
bricks:coveredtheground
twodamsandmostofthebridges:fell
railwaytracks:useless
Greatdamages
Everythingwasdestroyed.
Allthehospitals,75%ofitsfactoriesandbuildingsand90%ofitshomesweregone.
Morethan400,000peoplewerekilledorinjured.
anotherearthquakehappened
somerescueworkersanddoctors
weretrappedundertheruins
morebuildings:fell
water,foodandelectricity:werehardtoget
allhope:wasnotlost
thearmy:sent15,000soldierstohelp
workers:builtsheltersforsurvivors
freshwater:wasalsotakentothecity
Slowly,thecitybegantobreatheagain.
【设计说明】
任务型活动:课外作业、课堂小组活动延伸到课外,学生仍然可以互相合作完成该写作任务。该环节是本课所有教学环节的延续,通过写的练习,使学生逐步学会使用文段中的语言素材,活用固定的表达方法,学生需要用所学的语言讨论自己感兴趣的话题,表达自己的思想,与同伴交流各自了解的信息,达到了形成和提高写作能力与技巧的目的。
三、教学反思
新颖明快的导入,激发了学生的学习兴趣;层层深入的提问,诱发学生去思索探究;师生互动,生生交流,使课堂气氛热烈而又充满激情;板书美观,文字简练。尽管我在某些教学环节上处理得还不够好,教学方法还有待改进,但我相信:经过持之以恒的努力,我一定会不断提高自己的教学水平。