简介:应用系统与数据交换中心的交互采用Web ,Services技术的跨平台数据交换系统的设计模型及特点,Services的体系架构Web 
简介:简介由于拼写错误、意外的缩略语和其他不规则问题,实际的数据是“有问题”的。因此,在数据仓储项目中,很大一部分的时间和金钱都花费在了数据提取、数据转换和数据加载(ETL,Extraction、Transformation、Loading)阶段。在ETL阶段,新数据被清理、标准化,并使其与现有数据一致。在MicrosoftSQLServer2005中可用的模糊查找和模糊分组转换,有助于使ETL过程在遇到若干种在交际数据中观测到的常见错误时更易复原。它们解决一般的匹配和分组问题,而无需特定于域的规则和脚本的专家集合。通过为您的域自定义模糊查找和模糊分组,您可以利用BusinessIntelligenceDevelopmentStudio内的通用数据清理算法,并避免创建复杂的自定义规则和代码。
简介:WebServices是Internet上新兴的应用通信和集成技术,是一种面向服务的体系结构。介绍WebServices技术,着重阐述基于WebServices的系统集成技术的教育资源共享平台的开发过程,设计了一个通用的教育资源描述、发现与集成中心,为所有资源内容服务厂商以及终端用户提供了一种基于因特网的、资源分布存储的松散耦合互操作模式,总结了该平台对于网络教育发展的意义。
简介:Background:Forestscontributetohumanwellbeingthroughtheprovisionofimportantecosystemservices.Methods:Inthisstudy,weinvestigatedhowtheperceivedimportanceofecosystemservicesmayimpacttheoverallbenefitprovidedbymanagedwatershedsattheHubbardBrookExperimentalForestovera45-yearperiod,usingstandardizedmeasuresofservicecapacityweightedbyserviceimportanceweightsderivedfromasurveyofbeneficiaries.Results:Thecapacityofwatershedstoregulatewaterflowandqualitywashighinallwatershedsthroughoutthestudyperiod,whereasculturalservicessuchasscenicbeautydeclinedafterharvest.Impactsongreenhousegasregulationdependedontheefficiencywithwhichharvestedbiomasswasused.Surveysrevealedthatstakeholdersplacedhighvalueonallecosystemservices,withregulatingandculturalservicesseenasmoreimportantthanprovisioningservices.Whenservicemetricswereweightedbysurveyresponsesandaggregatedintoasinglemeasure,totalserviceprovisionfollowedthesameoveralltrendasgreenhousegasregulation.Wherebiomassusewaslessefficientintermsofgreenhousegasemissions,harvestingresultedinanoverall'ecosystemservicedebt';whereusewasmoreefficient,this'ecosystemservicedebt'wasreduced.Beneficiaries'educationalbackgroundssignificantlyaffectedoverallassessmentofserviceprovision.Beneficiarieswithcollegeoruniversitydegreesincurredsmaller'ecosystemservicedebts'andwerelessnegativelyaffectedbyharvestingoverall.Conclusions:Thisstudyhighlightstheimportanceofincludingempiricalmeasuresofbeneficiarypreferencewhenattemptingtoquantifyoverallprovisionofecosystemservicestohumanbeneficiariesovertime.
简介:Afewyearsbeforethemillennium,duetoadesiretomaketheoccasionsignificant,therewasaflurryofactivities.Varioussummariesandinitiativeswereborn,mostlyoftransientimportance,andmorethanoneofthesearesimplymarksofhubris.Ecologistswerenotexemptfromthisspiritofthetimes-buttheyweresuccessfulinmakinganimpact.AgroupofAmericanecologistsinitiatedtheMillenniumEcosystemAssessment(MEA,2005),aglobalexercise,to
简介:Background:Remotesensing-basedmappingofforestEcosystemService(ES)indicatorshasbecomeincreasinglypopular.TheresultingmapsmayenabletospatiallyassesstheprovisioningpotentialofESsandprioritizethelanduseinsubsequentdecisionanalyses.However,themappingisoftenbasedonreadilyavailabledata,suchaslandcovermapsandotherpubliclyavailabledatabases,andignoringtherelateduncertainties.Methods:Thisstudytestedthepotentialtoimprovetherobustnessofthedecisionsbymeansoflocalmodelfittinganduncertaintyanalysis.Thequalityofforestlanduseprioritizationwasevaluatedundertwodifferentdecisionsupportmodels:eitherusingthedevelopedmodelsdeterministicallyorincorporationwiththeuncertaintiesofthemodels.Results:PredictionmodelsbasedonAirborneLaserScanning(ALS)dataexplainedthevariationinproxiesofthesuitabilityofforestplotsformaintainingbiodiversity,producingtimber,storingcarbon,orprovidingrecreationaluses(berrypickingandvisualamenity)withRMSEsof15%–30%,dependingontheES.TheRMSEsoftheALS-basedpredictionswere47%–97%ofthosederivedfromforestresourcemapswithasimilarresolution.Duetoapplyingasimilarfieldcalibrationsteponbothofthedatasources,thedifferencecanbeattributedtothebetterabilityofALStoexplainthevariationintheESproxies.Conclusions:Despitethedifferentaccuracies,proxyvaluespredictedbyboththedatasourcescouldbeusedforapixel-basedprioritizationoflanduseataresolutionof250m~2,i.e.,inaconsiderablymoredetailedscalethanrequiredbycurrentoperationalforestmanagement.TheuncertaintyanalysisindicatedthatmapsoftheESprovisioningpotentialshouldbepreparedseparatelybasedonexpectedandextremeoutcomesoftheESproxymodelstofullydescribetheproductionpossibilitiesofthelandscapeundertheuncertaintiesinthemodels.
简介:Themaincharactersoftoday’sfloatingpopulationhavechanged.Followingtheprogressofurbanization,Chinaisexperiencingthegreatestmigrationoffloatingpopulationinhistory.By2010,thefloatingpopulationhadreached221million,andthePost-80sgenerationbecamethemajority.Howtopromotesocialintegrationforthefloatingpopulationturnedtobeanissueneededtobeconsidered.On28FebruaryistMarch,NationalPopulationandFamilyPlanningCommissionheldthemeetingof"strengtheningandinnovatinginservicema-