简介：目的探讨不同原因的周围性面瘫手术时机及临床疗效。方法对32例不同原因所致周围性面瘫病人行CT扫描,根据CT扫描结果行不同进路的面神经减压手术,术后随访半年至2年,按House-Brackmann分级法(H-B分级法)评判面神经功能恢复程度。结果32例中17例颞骨骨折面瘫(Ⅴ级2例,Ⅵ级15例),据面肌电图动态观察,伤后2周内手术者13例,术后随访0.5～2.0年,面神经功能恢复至H-BⅠ～Ⅱ级11例,达84.6%;伤后3周手术3例,恢复至Ⅱ级2例,Ⅲ级1例;伤后8周手术1例,仅恢复至Ⅵ。医源性面瘫(Ⅵ级)患者2例,分别在伤后2周和3周手术并恢复至Ⅱ级和Ⅲ级。13例中耳乳突病变者均在1周内手术,恢复至Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级的分别为8、2、3例。结论面神经减压术治疗颞骨骨折及中耳乳突胆脂瘤致周围性面瘫是有效的,且应根据面神经电图动态观察,采取积极的治疗措施。

简介：Cisplatindamagescochlearhaircellsandspiralganglionneuronsthroughcelldeathsignalingpathwaysthatarenotfullyunderstood.Weusedfocusedapoptosisgenemicroarraystostudyearlychangesingeneexpres-sionincochlearculturesfromP3neonatalratstreatedwithcisplatin(0.2mM).After12hoursofcisplatintreat-ment,morethan50%ofthe96genesonthearrayshowedasignificantdecreaseinexpression,consistentwithwidespreadcelldeath.However,after3hoursofcisplatintreatment,10genesshowedsignificantincreaseinex-pressionintotalcochleartissue.Inexperimentswithsubsetsofcochleartissues,at3h,cisplatininducedincreasedexpressionof12genesinthecochlearsensoryepithelium(basilarmembrane)and11genesinthespiralganglion(tissueofRosenthal'scanal,containingthespiralganglion).Theseincludedpro-andanti-apoptoticgenesin-volvedinthep53signalingpathway,TNFreceptorfamily,NF-kappaBpathway,deathdomainfamily,deatheffec-tordomainfamily,Bcl-2family,CARDfamily,TRAFfamily,andGTPsignaltransduction.Althoughthechangesingeneexpressionshowedanoverlapbetweenbasilarmembraneandspiralganglion,otherchanges,whichmayreflecttheuniqueresponseofeachtissue,werealsoobserved.Pifithrin-αblockedcisplatin-inducedup-regulationofgenesinthep53signalingpathwaywhenassayedbybothsuperarrayandrealtimePCR.Thedataaddtoourunderstandingoftheinvolvementofp53incisplatin-inducedototoxicityandotoprotection,conferredbythep53inhibitorPifithrin-α.

简介：NuclearfactorkappaB(NF-κB)isoneofthebest-characterizedtranscriptionfactorsplayingimportantrolesinmanycellularresponsestoalargevarietyofstimuli,includinginflammatorycytokines,phorbolesters,growthfactors,andbacterialandviralproducts.TheaimofthisstudyistodemonstrateNF-κBexpressioninthemousecochleaanditsenhancementinresponsetolipopolysaccharides(LPS)andkanamycin(KA)treatment.MethodsKAtreatmentconsistedofsubcutaneousKAinjectionsat700mg/kgtwiceadaywithaneight-hourintervalbetweenthetwoinjectionsfor3or7days.ForanimalsintheLPStreatmentgroup,asingledoseof0.3mgLPSdissolvedin0.2mlsterilesalinewereinjectedintobothbullaethroughthetympanicmembraneandkepttherefor3hours.Animalsinthecontrolgroupreceivedsubcutaneoussalineinjectionfor7days.Followingimmmunohistochemichalprocessingwithrabbitpolyclonalanti-NF-κBp65antibodies,cryosectionsofthecochleawereexaminedforexpressionofNF-κBp65invariousstructuresinthecochlea.ResultsNF-κBp65expression,identifiedbypresenceofbrownreactionproductscharacteristicofDABimmunohistochemistry,wasvisibleinthespiralligament,spiralprominence,tectorialmembrane(TM),spiralganglionandnervefibers.RelativelyweakNF-κBp65expressionwasalsovisualizedintheorganofCorti.WithintheorganofCorti,theinnerhaircells(IHC),outerhaircells(OHC),innerpillarcells(IP),outerpillarcells(OP),Deiter'scells(DC),andBoettcher'scellsexhibitedstrongerstainingthantheinnersulcuscells,Hensen'scells(HC)andClaudius'cells.NoNF-κBp65expressionwasseeninthenucleusoftheIHCandOHC.NF-κBp65expressionwasincreasedinanimalsexposedtoLPSorKA,demonstratingsignificantdifferencesinthestainingbetweencontrolanimalsandLPS/KA-treatedanimals.NF-κBp65expressionwasnotsignificantlydifferentbetweenLPStreatedandKAtreatedanimalsorbetween3and7daysinKA-treatedanimals.Conclusio

简介：目的探讨慢性化脓性中耳炎并发迷路瘘管的临床特征及其手术治疗方法。方法回顾分析我科2000—2007年收治的32例（36耳）手术证实的慢性化脓性中耳炎伴迷路瘘管患者的临床资料。其中有眩晕史者24例（75．0％），诉耳呜者28例（87．5％），瘘管试验阳性12例（37．5％）。对于小于2mm的骨性半规管瘘，在彻底清除病变后予肌筋膜覆盖。对瘘管大于2mm者，如迷路瘘管处病变难以清除，予保留一薄层胆脂瘤基质，行开放式乳突根治术；如能彻底清除病变者，予带筋膜的耳屏软骨片封闭瘘管，外面再覆盖-层肌筋膜。对瘘管破坏严重者。在彻底清除病变的同时行半规管阻塞术。22耳行开放式乳突根治术后Ⅰ期行鼓室成形术，14耳行改良乳突根治术。结果胆脂瘤型28耳，骨疡型8耳；瘘管位于外半规管30耳（83．4％），上半规管3耳（8．4％），两者同时有瘘管1耳（2．7％），鼓岬部瘘管2耳f5．5％）；面神经骨管破坏致神经裸露16例，3例位于垂直段，7例位于水平段，同时合并有面神经水平段或锥曲段骨管部分缺损6例。30例患者于术后1～12天内（平均3．5天）眩晕缓解。2例行半规管填塞者，术后16天眩晕逐渐缓解。术后纯音测听平均骨导阈值（0．5kHz、1kHz、2kHz和4kHz），12耳与术前相同，较术前下降10～20dB者16耳，较术前下降20dB以上者8耳。随访3月～6年，眩晕无复发。结论前庭症状存在与否，瘘管试验是否为阳性，以及影像学的改变等都不是术前确诊迷路瘘管的可靠指标，术中探查所见是确诊迷路瘘管最重要的依据。手术方法的选择及对瘘管区病变的处理应根据瘘管的部位、大小及患者听力状况和术者的手术经验而定。

简介：目的探讨巨大听神经瘤的显微外科切除技术和有关的局部解剖,以及术后处理措施.方法本组对32例病人进行了分析总结.采取乙状窦后入路暴露肿瘤,穿刺侧脑室后角充分引流脑室液,减低颅内压.在显微镜下保留外层蛛网膜,自上极囊内逐步切除肿瘤,最后分离内听道部分,术中记载重要结构的分布.结果肿瘤全切除27例(85%),次全切除5例(15%),无死亡.面神经保留27例(85%).受压面神经术中观察:位于肿瘤前上壁30例,上极2例,无后壁者.肿瘤由小脑前上动脉供血(AICA)17例,双重供血7例.结论采取显微外科技术,掌握听神经瘤的局部解剖关系,加强手术后的观察处理是提高听神经瘤疗效,减少损伤的关键.

简介：ObjectiveAlongwithchangesintheecologysystemandundertheinfluenceofvariousenvironmentalfactors,theincidenceoftumorhasbeenincreasingyearafteryear.Thereisatrendincancertherapytomovetocombinedtherapiesinvolvingsurgery,radiationchemotherapyandgenetherapy.Cancergenetherapyinrecentyearshasbroughtnewopportunitiesfortreatmentoftumor.Itsadvantagesincludelowrateoftolerance,insensitivitytocellcycles,highspecificityandcoverageforbothprimaryandmetastatictumors1,2.However,thisisanewfieldofclinicalresearch.RegardingthecorrelationamongtheSTAT3,CyclinD1andP21genesandtumors,researchhasfocusedontheirexpressionandregulation.Thisarticleprovidesasummaryofrelatedresearch.

简介：Background:Currently,thereisasignificantlackofdataconcerninglong-termoutcomesfollowingpaediatriccochlearimplantationintermsofqualityoflife.Thereisaneedforalong-term,prospectivestudyinthisregard.Thisstudyaimsathighlightingthepreliminaryresults,oneyearpostsurgeryofafiveyearprospectivestudy.Methods:TheCochlearTMPaediatricImplantedRecipientObservationalStudy（P-IROS）isaprospective,patientoutcomesregistryforroutinelyimplantedchildren.Thestudycollectsdatausingquestionnairespost-surgeryandatregularintervalsuptofiveyears.Results:AtourCentre,159cochlearimplantsurgeryprocedureswerecarriedoutbetweenJanuary2014andDecember2014.CategoryofAuditoryPerformanceIIscoreincreasedfrom‘0’to‘3’atsixmonthsandto‘5’at12monthsforchildrenaged0—3years,althoughthiswasnotstatisticallysignificant.However,thesametrendwasstatisticallysignificantfortheage3—6yearandage6—10yearbrackets.Thequalityoflifeofthechildimprovedsignificantly.Analysisofcommunicationmoderevealedastatisticallysignificantoverallshifttotheauditory-oralmodefromtotalcommunication.Conclusion:Cochlearimplantationisalife-changingintervention.Theevidenceinsupportofwhatitcanachievesafelyisclear.However,thecostsassociatedwithitraisethequestionifitwillremainaneffectiveoptionforlifeinallchildren.TheCochlearP-IROSisanattempttoanswerthesameoverafiveyearperiod.OurstudyinNewDelhi,sofarconcludesthatcochlearimplantationinapopulationwithlimitedaccesstofundsisveryeffective,oneyearaftersurgery.

简介：目的研究10号染色体缺失张力蛋白磷酸酶（phosphataseandtensinhomologuedeletedonchromosometen，PTFEN）、磷酸化Akt（P—Akt）及核转录因子-KB（NF—KB）在中耳胆脂瘤上皮中的表达，探讨P13K（phos—phatidylinositol-3-kinase，磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶）-Akt信号通路在中耳胆脂瘤上皮细胞过度增殖机制中的可能作用。方法采用免疫组织化学SP法（辣根酶标记链霉卵白素连接法，streptavidin—peroxidaseconjugatedmethod）检测30例中耳胆脂瘤组织标本与15例正常外耳道皮肤标本中PTEN、P—Akt及NF—KB蛋白的表达。结果PTEN蛋白阳性表达主要定位于上皮细胞核，其在中耳胆脂瘤上皮中阳性表达率为36．7％，明显低于正常外耳道皮肤组的9313％（P〈0．01）；P—Akt蛋白阳性表达主要定位于上皮细胞胞质，其在中耳胆脂瘤上皮中阳性表达率为70．0％．明显高于正常外耳道皮肤组的26．7％（P〈0．01）；NF—KB蛋白阳性表达定位于上皮细胞核．其在中耳胆脂瘤上皮中阳性表达率为63-3％，明显高于正常外耳道皮肤组的20．0％（P〈0．01）。在30例中耳胆脂瘤上皮组织中，PTEN分别与P—Akt、NF—KB蛋白的表达之间呈显著负相关（P〈0．01），而P—Akt和NF—KB蛋白的表达呈显著正相关（P〈0．01）。结论PTEN、P-Akt和NF—KB在中耳胆脂瘤上皮的异常表达可能在胆脂瘤的发生、发展过程中起重要作用。胆脂瘤上皮中P13K—Akt信号通路的激活可能参与了胆脂瘤上皮细胞过度增殖机制。