简介：自动化鉴定并且mesoscale海洋旋涡追踪最近在物理海洋学成为了一个研究热点。几个方法被开发了并且适用在华南海(SCS)调查海洋旋涡的一般运动、几何的特征。然而，很少的研究试图检验内部进化处理的旋涡。在这研究，我们报导了一个混合方法基于他们的内部结构在SCS跟踪旋涡繁殖，它被旋涡中心，脚印边阶，和合成边阶描绘。埃迪鉴定和追踪的结果被一个官方补给底的空间与时间的模型代表。消失，再现，裂口，和合并的立刻的国家，动态进化过程，和事件的信息在一个GIS数据库被存储。结果被在北SCS对十个Dongsha气旋的旋涡(数据通信设备)和三个长寿逆旋风的旋涡(王牌)比较验证，它在以前的文学被报导。我们的学习证实了这些旋涡的发展。而且，我们在我们的数据库从2005～2012在这些区域发现了更像数据通信设备、像王牌的旋涡。消失，重现，切开，并且合并活动的空间分发分析证明在SCS的旋涡趋于到簇到吕宋岛岛的西北，吕宋岛海峡的西南，并且在越南的边缘的海附近。在这些区域的自台湾东面的菲律宾海流向日本的暖流侵入和复杂的海地板地形学是导致这些空间簇的可能的因素。

简介：在西北太平洋(NWP)形成的热带气旋(TC)能有时穿过华南海(SCS)。在在11月的SCS的TC轨道在1980前与那些相比在1980以后被转移到北方，这被发现。数据分析和数字模拟证明在SCS温暖的表面可以更向北方贡献这移动。温暖在西北的SCS生产一个气旋的空气发行量异例并且一联系在驾驶TC到北方的中央SCS南方。

简介：TheSouthChinaSea(SCS)andtheArabianSea(AS)arebothlocatedroughlyinthenorthtropicalzonewitharangeofsimilarlatitude(0°–24°N).Monsoonwindsplaysimilarrolesintheupperoceaniccirculationsofthebothseas.Butthedistinctpatternsofchlorophylla(Chla)concentrationareobservedbetweentheSCSandtheAS.TheChlaconcentrationintheSCSisgenerallylowerthanthatintheASinsummer(June–August);thesummerChlaconcentrationintheASshowsstrongerinterannualvariation,comparedwiththatintheSCS;Moderateresolutionimagingspectroradiometer(MODIS)-deriveddatapresenthigheratmosphericaerosoldepositionandstrongerwindspeedintheAS.Andithasalsobeenfoundthatgoodcorrelationsexistbetweentheindexofthedustprecipitationindicatedbyaerosolopticalthickness(AOT)andtheChlaconcentration,orbetweenwindandChlaconcentration.TheseimplythatthewindandthedustprecipitationbringmorenutrientsintotheASfromthesky,thesub-layerorcoastregions,inducinghigherChlaconcentration.TheresultsindicatethatthewindvelocityandthedustprecipitationcanplayimportantrolesintheChlaconcentrationfortheASandtheSCSinsummer.HoweveraerosolimpactisweakonthebiologicalproductivityinthewestSCSandwind-inducedupwellingisthemainsource.

简介：Inthisstudy,about220satelliteimagesbetween2000and2012wereobtainedfromFY-series,MODIS,CBERS,HJ-1AandHJ-1BtoestimatetheimpactofduststormsontheSouthYellowSea(SYS),whichserveasanimportantsourceofparticlesthere.Theanalyzingresultsfromtheimagessupportatotaloccurrenceof88duststorms(includingthelocally-generateddustyweather)thataffectedtheSYSduring2000–2012.Theannualoccurrencewasabout4–10times(10timesin2000and2004;fourtimesin2009and2012),predominantlyinMarch(29%),April(33%)andMay(22%).Bymappingthedistributionoftheirfrequency,theduststormsinfluencingtheSYSwerefoundprimarilymovingfromthenorthwest(39times,44.3%)andwest(37times,42%)tothestudyregionwithonly11duststorms(12.5%)comingfromthenorthand1duststorm(1%)fromthesouthwest.Weestimatedthatanannualamountof0.5–3.5milliontonsofsedimentparticleswasbroughttotheSYSbytheduststormsduring2000–2012.

简介：Multi-beambathymetryandseismicsequencesurveysinthenorthernslopeoftheSouthChinaSearevealdetailedgeomorphologyandseismicstratigraphycharacteristicsofcanyons,gullies,andmassmovements.ModerncanyonsandgulliesareroughlyelongatedNNW–SSWwithU-shapedcrosssectionsatwaterdepthsof400–1000m.Massmovementsincludeslidecomplexes,slidescars,anddebris/turbidityflows.SlidecomplexesandslidescarsareorientedintheNE–SWdirectionandcoveranareaofabout1790and926km2,respectively.Thedebris/turbidityflowsdevelopedalongthelowerslope.Adetailedfaciesanalysissuggeststhatfourseismicfaciesexist,andthelateCenozoicstratigraphyabovetheacousticbasementcanberoughlysubdividedintothreesequencesseparatedbyregionalunconformitiesinthestudyarea.Theoccurrenceofgashydratesismarkedbyseismicvelocityanomalies,bottom-simulatingreflectors,gaschimneys,andpockmarksinthestudyarea.Seismicobservationssuggestthatmoderncanyonsandmassmovementsformedaroundthetransitionbetweenthelastglacialperiodandthecurrentinterglacialperiod.Thepossibleexistenceanddissociationofgashydratesandtheregionaltectonicsettingmaytriggerinstabilityandmassmovementsontheseafloor.Canyonsmaybethefinalresultofgashydratedissociation.Ourstudyaimstocontributenewinformationthatisapplicabletoengineeringconstructionrequiredfordeep-waterpetroleumexplorationandgashydratesurveysalonganymarginalsea.

简介：Onthebasisof900-yearintegrationofaglobaloceancirculationmodel-LICOMdrivenbyECMWFreanalysiswinddatawithuniform0.5°-grids,aquantitativeestimateoftheannualandmonthlymeanwaterexchangeoftheSouthChinaSea(SCS)withitsadjacentoceansthrough5straitsisobtained.Amongthem,theannualtransportisthelargestintheLuzonStrait,thenintheTaiwanStrait,andthenintheSundaShelf,intheBalabacStraitandintheMindoroStraitinturn,thelargestmonthlytransportvariationappearsintheLuzonStraitandSundashelf.ItisshownthatthemasstransportthroughtheTaiwanStraitisaffectedbymonsoon,whilethetransportthroughtheLuzonStraitmaybeassociatedwiththebifurcationpositionoftheNorthEquatorialCurrentofftheeastPhilippinesshore;thetransportsintheLuzonStraitandSundaShelfareoutofphaseindirectionbutwellcorrelatedinmagnitude.TheannualandmonthlymeanheatandsalinityexchangeoftheSCSthroughthestraitsarealsocalculatedandshowntobeinphasewiththemasstransport.TheKuroshiowatercarriesabout0.43PWheattransportand151.33kt/ssalinitytransportintotheSCS,whilemostofthemiscarriedoutoftheSCSthroughtheTaiwanStraitandSundaShelfannually.Thefurthermodelintegrationbasedonthe900-yearintegrationforanother44afrom1958to2001drivenbyrealwinddata(ERA40data)showsthatthemonthlymeanmasstransportviathesestraitsvariesannuallywithalargevariationrange,whichmaybeassociatedwiththeseasonalandinterannualvariationsinthecurrentfieldandseasurfaceheightintheSCS.ThemeanmasstransportthroughtheTaiwanStrait,LuzonStrait,MindoroStrait,BalabacStraitandSundaShelfis2.012×106,-4.063×106,-0.124×106,-0.083×106and2.258×106m3/s,respectively.

简介：OnthebasisoftheinsitudataofDO2,pH,SiO2.PO4-P,NO3-NandNO2-NcollectedinthenorthoftheEastChinaSeaduring1987-1988,thefollowingpointsaremainlyexpounded.1.TheinorgonicnutrientsareobviouslyaffectedbycontinentrunoffinthenorthoftheEastChinaSea.Theirdistributionsarecharacteristicofitsdistributionofterrigenousmaterials.2.TherearethreetransportpathsofnutrientsfromtheshelftotheKuroshioarea.Thefirstismixing-diffusing-advec-tionandupwellingprocess,theprocessofbiologyandbiochemistrybelongstothesecond,andthesinkingprocessisthelastone.3.TheswingoftheKuroshioaxisaffectesboththerangeofthemigrationofsubstancesthroughmixing-diffusing-advec-tionprocessandtheupwellingdegreeofthesubsurfaceKuroshiowatertotheshelf.4.MostpartofthesubstancessinkasmacroparticlestothedeeplayerbeforereachingtheKuroshioarea.

简介：Inthisstudy,weinvestigatedthecommunitystructureofcrustaceans(decapodandstomatopod)inhabitingthesandymudbottomsofLaizhouBay(northeasternChina)monthlyfromMay2011toApril2012.InvestigationwasstoppedfromDecember2011toFebruary2012becauseoftheextremeweatherandseaice.Atotalof205,057specimensbelongingto31species(shrimp,15;crab,15;andstomatopod,1)werecollectedin148hauls.From2011to2012,Oratosquillaoratoriawasthedominantbiomassspecies(47.80%),followedbyCharybdisjaponica(15.49%),Alpheusjaponicas(12.61%),Portunustrituberculatus(6.46%),andCrangonspp.(4.19%).Crangonspp.wasthemostdominantspeciesbyindividual(32.55%).O.oratoriawasthemost-frequentlyencounteredspecies(81.76%),followedbyPalaemongravieri(70.95%),C.japonica(65.54%),A.japonicas(62.16%),andP.trituberculatus(54.73%).ThebiomassdensityincreasedfromAugusttoSeptember2011anddecreasedfromMarch2012toApril2012.Thedynamicsoftheecologicalindicesevolveinasimilarmanner,withhighvaluesofdiversityandevennessandrichspeciesfromMaytoJune2011andlowvaluesfromSeptembertoOctober2011.O.oratoria,C.japonica,andP.trituberculatusdifferedbybiomassdatabetweengroupsI(samplesobtainedfromSeptembertoOctober2011)andII(samplesinothermonths).Thesespeciescontributedmorethan70%tothesimilarityofthecrustaceancommunitystructure.Furthermore,thesubsetsofenvironmentalvariablesthatbestmatchedthecrustacean-assemblagestructurewereasfollows:waterdepth(WD)insummer(JunetoAugust);seasurfacetemperature(SST),dissolvedoxygen(DO),andWDinautumn(SeptembertoNovember);andDO,salinity,andWDinspring(MarchtoMay).ThecalculatedcorrelationcoefficientsandsignificancelevelwerehigherintheperiodofJulytoAugust2011thaninothermonths.Comparing2011to2012with1982to1983,thespeciescompositionremainedstable.However,thedominantspecieschangedsignificantly.Highvalueandlargespecies,suchasF.chinensis,P.trituberculatus,

简介：ThisstudyexaminestheseasonalvariationsoftropicalcyclogenesisovertheSouthChinaSea(SCS)usingagenesispotential(GP)indexdevelopedbyEmanuelandNolan.Howdifferentenvironmentalfactors(includinglow-levelvorticity,mid-levelrelativehumidity,verticalwindshear,andpotentialintensity)contributetothesevariationsisinvestigated.CompositeanomaliesoftheGPindexareproducedforthesummerandwintermonsoonsseparately.ThesecompositesreplicatetheobservedseasonalvariationsoftheobservedfrequencyandlocationoftropicalcyclogenesisovertheSCS.Thedegreeofcontributionbyeachfactorindifferentregionsisdeterminedquantitativelybyproducingcompositesofmodifiedindicesinwhichonlyoneofthecontributingfactorsvaries,withtheotherssettoclimatology.OverthenorthernSCS,potentialintensitymakesthelargestcontributionstotheseasonalvariationsintropicalcyclogenesis.OverthesouthernSCS,thelow-levelrelativevorticityplaystheprimaryroleintheseasonalmodulationoftropicalcyclone(TC)genesisfrequency,andtheverticalwindshearplaysthesecondaryrole.ThermodynamicfactorsplaymoreimportantrolesfortheseasonalvariationsintropicalcyclogenesisoverthenorthernSCS,whiledynamicfactorsaremoreimportantintheseasonalmodulationofTCgenesisfrequencyoverthesouthernSCS.

简介：appendicularians上的桡脚类的动物的潜在的抑制在领域和试验性的条件里被发现。appendicularians和planktonic桡脚类的动物的丰富和分发在华南海(SCS)的西北大陆人架上在夏天期间与他们的关联的参考被学习。基于地形学和调查区域的水质量，它被划分成三个分区：区域我(东方Leizhou半岛的沿海的水)与低温度，咸度和高叶绿素一(Chl一)集中，有低温度的区域II(东方的沿海的水和东南海南岛)，高咸度和中等Chl集中和区域III(近海从Leizhou半岛流水到海南岛)与高温度，高咸度和低Chl集中。appendicularians和桡脚类的动物的种类丰富增加了从对沿海近海水，和高价值在区域III被观察。appendicularian和桡脚类的动物丰富的分发通常减少了从对沿海近海水，与最高的价值在区域我。我们的结果建议appendicularians和桡脚类的动物的分发模式显著地不同，由于物理、生物的因素的影响。appendicularians上的远洋的桡脚类的动物的否定影响没被发现基于在在SCS的西北大陆人架中的situ数据。

简介：ThePearlRiverEstuary（PRE）islocatedattheonshore-offshoretransitionzonebetweenSouthChinaandSouthChinaSeaBasin,anditisofgreatsignificantvalueindiscussingtectonicrelationshipsbetweenSouthChinablockandSouthChinaSeablockandseismicactivitiesalongtheoffshoreactivefaultsinPRE.However,theresearchesongeometriccharacteristicsofoffshorefaultsinthisareaareextremelylacking.ToinvestigatetheoffshorefaultdistributionandtheirgeometricfeaturesinthePREingreaterdetail,weacquiredthirteenseismicreflectionprofilesin2015.Combiningtheanalysisoftheseismicreflectionandfree-airgravityanomalydata,thispaperrevealedthelocation,continuity,andgeometryofthelittoralfaultzoneandotheroffshorefaultsinPRE.ThelittoralfaultzoneiscomposedofthemajorDanganIslandsfaultandseveralparallel,high-angle,normalfaults,whichmainlytrendnortheasttonortheast-to-eastanddiptothesoutheastwithlargedisplacements.Thefaultzoneisdividedintothreedifferentsegmentsbythenorthwest-trendingfaults.Moreover,thebasementdeptharoundDanganIslandsisveryshallow,whileitsuddenlyincreasesalongtheislandswestwardandsouthward.Thesehasresultedintheislandsandneighboringareasbecomingtheplaceswherethestressaccumulateseasily.Theseismogenicpatternofthisareaiscloselyrelatedtothecomprehensiveeffectofintersectingfaultstogetherwiththelowvelocitylayer.

简介：北华南海的深海的区域，有活跃、复杂的tectonics，富于天然气和煤气的水合物。当因为特殊构造位置和构造进化过程，构造特征在东方和西方之间显然是不同的时。以海底的地形学，在珀尔河嘴盆的东方架斜坡结构被有宽亚盆和狭窄的干涉高度描绘，而西方(Qiongdongnan盆)结构被狭窄的subbasins描绘并且宽高举。至于结构的特征，深海在东方下垂都是在结构上halfgrabens，由一系列蘸南方的正常差错控制了。当西方下垂时被graben结构主要与在南方和北方指责描述。关于构造进化，当rifting以后阶段在中间的结束完成了时，东方开始了neotectonic活动中新世。在Baiyun下垂，构造活动变得强壮并且被快速的沉淀并且明显的指责描述。而在西方，neotectonic活动在结束开始了与快速的免职和弱差错活动晚中新世。

简介：Inthispaper,wetakeDLW3101coreobtainedatthetopofthecanyon(nolandslidearea)andDLW3102coreobtainedatthebottomofthecanyon(landslidearea)onthenortherncontinentalslopeoftheSouthChinaSeaasresearchobjects.ThechronostratigraphicframeworkoftheDLW3101coreandelementalstrataoftheDLW3101coreandtheDLW3102coresinceMIS5areestablishedbyanalyzingoxygenisotope,calciumcarbonatecontent,andX-RayFluorescence(XRF)scanningelements.Onthebasisoftheinformationobtainedbyanalyzingthesedimentarystructureandchemicalelementsinthelandslidedeposition,wefoundthattheDLW3102coreshowsfourlayersofsubmarinelandslides,andeachlandslidelayerischaracterizedbyhighSi,K,Ti,andFecontents,therebyindicatingterrigenousclasticsources.L1(2.15–2.44m)occurredinMIS2,whichisaslumpsedimentarylayerwithasmallslidingdistanceandscale.L2(15.48–16.00m)occurredinMIS5andisadebrisflow-depositedlayerwithascaleandslidingdistancethataregreaterthanthoseofL1.L3(19.00–20.90m)occurredinMIS5;itsupperpart(19.00–20.00m)isadebrisflow-depositedlayer,anditslowerpart(20.00–20.90m)isaslidingdepositionlayer.ThelandslidescaleofL3islarge.L4(22.93–24.27m)occurredinMIS5;itsupperpart(22.93–23.50m)isaturbidsedimentarylayer,anditslowerpart(23.50–24.27m)isaslumpsedimentarylayer.ThelandslidescaleofL4islarge.

简介：Concentrationsoforganicmatter,ironandmanganeseinthedeepseasurfacesedimentsintheNanshaIslandsseaarea,SouthChinaSeaaremeasured.Horizontalandverticaldistributionsofironandmanganesearediscussed.Theverticaldistributionofironandmanganeseinthesedimentsresultsfromreduction,diffusion,andredepositionofmanganese(oriron)oxideandhydroxideinthesediment.Therearethemaximaofironandmanganeseinsolidphaseinthetopofthesediment,whichiscausedbythepenetrationofO2andtheupwardfluxofMn2+(orFe2+).Manganesebacteriaplayaveryimportantroleinthecycleofsolid-phaseironandmanganeseintheoceanenvironment.ManganesebacteriaoxidizeMn2+(orFe2+)indissolvedstatetoMn4+(orFe3+)inoxidizedstateundertheaerobiccondition,whereastheyreduceironandmanganeseinanaerobicconditions.

简介：TheTaixinanBasinisoneofthemostpotentialgashydratebearingareasintheSouthChinaSeaandabundantgashydrateshavebeendiscoveredduringexpeditionin2013.Inthisstudy,geochemicalandmicrobialmethodsarecombinedlyusedtocharacterizethesedimentsfromashallowpistonCoreDH_CL_11(gashydratefree)andagashydrate-bearingdrillingCoreGMGS2-16inthisbasin.Geochemicalanalysesindicatethatanaerobicoxidationofmethane(AOM)whichisspeculatedtobelinkedtotheongoinggashydratedissociationistakingplaceinCoreDH_CL_11atdeep.ForCoreGMGS2-16,AOMrelatedtopastepisodesofmethaneseepagearesuggestedtodominateduringitsdiageneticprocess;whiletherelativelyenrichedδ18Obulk-sedimentvaluesindicatethatmethaneinvolvedinAOMmightbereleasedfromthe'episodicdissociation'ofgashydrate.MicrobialanalysesindicatethatthepredominantphylainthebacterialcommunitiesareFirmicutesandProteobacteria(GammaproteobacteriaandEpsilonproteobacteria),whilethedominanttaxainthearchaealcommunitiesareMarine_Benthic_Group_B(MBGB),Halobacteria,Thermoplasmata,Methanobacteria,Methanomicrobia,GroupC3andMCG.Underparallelexperimentaloperations,comparabledominantmembers(FirmicutesandMBGB)arefoundinthepistonCoreDH_CL_11andthenearsurfacelayerofthelongdrillingCoreGMGS2-16.Moreover,thesemembershavebeenfoundpredominantinotherknowngashydratebearingcores,andthedominantofMBGBhasevenbeenfoundsignificantlyrelatedtogashydrateoccurrence.Therefore,ahighpossibilityfortheexistingofgashydrateunderlyingCoreDH_CL_11isinferred,whichisconsistentwiththegeochemicalanalyses.Inall,combinedgeochemicalandmicrobiologicalanalysesaremoreinformativeincharacterizingsedimentsfromgashydrate-associatedareasintheSouthChinaSea.

简介：OfthediatomsfromsedimentsoftheSouthChinaSea,mainlycomposedofplanktonicspeciesoftropicalandsubtropicalzones,36generaand86speciesareidentified.Basedonthechangesindiatomnumbersandtheappearanceofdiatomassemblages,sixdiatomzonesaredistinguishedinCoreV,reflectingsixphasesofpaleoclimatc,paleo-watertemperatureandpaleogeography.AccordingtotheQuaternaryclimaticdivision,thesezonesrepresenthotweatherandwarmweatherasawhole,andtheyareseparatelyequaltopostglacialperiod,theHolocene;Wurmglacialperiod;Riss-Wurminterglacialperiod;andRissglacialperiod,theLatePleistocene.

简介：小规模的bedforms的词法特征在Dafeng潮汐的公寓上借助于声学的介绍声纳被测量，江苏在2009，并且在Jiulong河口，厦门在2010，分别地。多阀值价值方法被利用揭示bedforms是在场的词法沿着波动。获得的数据集的分析显示出那：(1)沙涟漪能有不规则的形状，并且(2)在bedform形态学的变化在一个单个潮汐的周期以内是小的，但是可能在几个潮汐的周期上重要。分数维图形和海床粗糙的variogram分析揭示了在当前的速度和海床粗糙的分数维的尺寸之间的一种重要关系的存在。作为当前的速度增加，有小规模的底部结构的一个趋势的海床粗糙增加被大规模结构正在代替。而且，大规模底部结构的表面也能由于小规模的特征的缺席变得光滑或由于附加小规模的结构的存在变得更不平。

简介：

简介：RecentbathymetricchangesintheChangjiangEstuaryundertheinfluenceofartificialregulationengineeringsandbasinreservoirshavebeenanalyzedbasedonthemaritimechartssince1997andrecentfieldworks.Theresultsindicateaslighterosionofthechannelsintheupperandmiddleestuary,continuingdepositionandseawardmoveofthemouthbarcrestandintensifyingerosionatthenearshoreseabed.Itisnoteworthythatthemorphologicalevolutioncausedbyintensivehumanactivitiesdominatesoverthechangesfromnatureprocess.First,theriverbesareerodedoverallintheSouthBranch(SB),theSouthChannel(SC)andtheupperandmiddlereachesoftheNorthChannel(NC).Thenearshoreseabedoutsidetherivermouthisbeingerodedslightly,whichisattributedtothedecliningsedimentsupplyfromtheChangjiangBasinduetotheconstructionoftheThreeGorgesDamupstream.Thesedimentabovetheseabedisveryactiveandcoarsened,meanwhile,sandwavesarebecomingmoredistinct.Second,adepositionoccursintheNorthBrach(NB),themouthoftheNC,themouthbarsoftheNorthPassage(NP)andtheSouthPassage(SP)andespeciallythemainchanneloftheNP,whereitshowsamassivesiltationafterthedeepwaterwayproject.Thereasonsfortherecentchangesarenotonlythedynamicstructureinestuarinemouthbars,butalsothesupplyofsedimentresuspensioninalocalandoffshorearea.Meanwhile,thesevereerosionandsiltationinsomereachesisrelatedtotheconstructionofestuarineengineerings.ItisindicatedthattheChangjiangEstuaryisgraduallyself-adjustedandadaptingtothevaryingnaturalfactorsandintensivehumanactivities.Thestudyonthemechanismofself-regulationoftherecentbathymetricchangesintheChangjiangEstuaryhasimportantandpracticalsignificance.

简介：Inrecentyears,infrastructureconstructiononcoralreefshasbeenincreasinglydeveloped.Therefore,theshallowstratastabilityofcoralreefsintheSouthChinaSeashouldbeevaluated.ThisstudyaimstoinvestigatetheprofilesfortheshallowstrataofcoralreefsinthesouthwestoftheYongshuReef,particularlyinthehydrodynamicmarineenvironment,andtoestablishageologicalmodelfornumericalsimulationusingGeo-Studio.Theshallowstrataofthecoralreefsincludemassgravel,sandgravel,mid-coarsesand,siltysand,finesand,andreeflimestone.Theshallowreefslopenearthelagoonissimilartoa‘layercake＇,inwhichthesideclosetotheseaisanalogoustoa‘blockcake＇.Thesimulationresultsshowedthatcoralreefstabilitydependsonwaveloadsandearthquakestrengthandonthephysicalpropertiesofcoralreefs.Thefactorofsafetyfortheouterreefisgreaterthan10.0understatic,wave,andseismicconditions;thisindicatedthattheouterreefswerelessaffectedbywavesandearthquakes.However,thefactorofsafetynexttothelagoonvariedfrom0.1to5.3.Thevariationwasprimarilycausedbythethickstrataofcoralreefsclosetothesea（reeflimestone,typicallywiththethickness〉10mandequivalenttoablock）.Thesoilandrocklayersinthecoralreefstratawiththicknesses〈10mshowedweakengineeringgeologicalcharacteristics.Ourfindingscanprovideusefulinformationtofutureconstructionprojectsoncoralreefs.