简介：为高功率脉冲功率装置设计了4MV同轴-三平板型水介质自击穿开关作为脉冲输出开关。脉冲输出开关指在脉冲功率装置中脉冲形成线输出端的开关，它是脉冲形成线和传输线的连接部件，对传输电脉冲进行二次压缩。脉冲输出开关常常是自击穿开关，由于其前面的主开关对Marx发生器输出电脉冲进行了初步压缩，脉冲输出开关的输入脉冲前沿上升较快，故脉冲输出开关常常是多通道开关。

简介：Grapheneistwodimensionalmaterialswhichismadeofhoneycombedcarbonatoms.Itattractsextensiveinterestsforitswonderfulcharacteristicsthatmakethegrapheneapotentialcandidateinfieldsofmicroelectronicsproduction,moleculedetection,desalinationandDNAsequencing.Highlychargedion(HCI)hashugepotentialenergyforpeelingoffelectrons.Wheninteractingwithsolidsurface,theHCIdistortedthesolidlatticeviapotentialdepositionandthenthenanostructureswereformedonthesolidsurface.TheHCIwasexpectedasatoolforsurfacemodification.Inthiswork,HOPGandgraphemewereirradiatedwithXeq+andArq+ions.ThetypicalRamanspectraofgrapheneandHOPGirradiatedwithhighlychargedionswereshowninFig.1.TheDpeakappearedat1335cm??1onthespectraofgrapheneirradiatedwithhighlychargedions.TheintensityofDpeakincreasedwithfluence.TheratioofintensityofDpeaktothatofGpeakvariedwithfluenceinFig.2.Theratioroselinearlywiththesquarerootoffluencewhenfluencewaslow.Theratiosaturatedwhentheirradiationfluencewashigh.Thecriticalfluencedependedonthechargestateofion.Thehigherchargestateitwas,thelowercriticalfluenceitwouldbe.

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简介：Duetolowactivationcharacteristics,desirablehigh-temperaturestrength,goodresistancetoradiationdamageandusablefabricationproperties,vanadium(V)alloysareattractivecandidatestructuralmaterialsforfusionreactors[1].Irradiationinducedhardening/embrittlementatlowtemperatureisamajorproblemforthematerialsapplicationinfusionreactor[2].Inthisstudy,H/Heionswithvariousenergieswereusedtoirradiateapurevanadium(V)andaValloy(V-4Ti)toobtainadamageplateaufromsamplesurfacetothedepthof1.5m,asshowninFig.1[3].Thedetailsofirradiationparameters(energies,fluences)forHandHeionsareshowninTable1.NanoindentationwasperformedtoinvestigatethehardeningbehaviorofV-4TialloyandpureVunderirradiation.

简介：Wedemonstratedamonolithic,compact,diode-pumpedgain-switchedNd:YVO4laserat1.064μmwavelengthwithcontrollablerepetitionrateof1Hzto25kHz.Stablegain-switchedpulsetrainwithmaximumrepetitionrateof25kHzandpulsewidthof16nswasobtained.

简介：TheenergyresponsesofKaoftwotypesofcylindricalG-Mcountertubeswerecalculatedusinganelectron-photoncascadeMonteCarlocode,EGS4.OnetypeoftheG-McountertubeswasGJ4401(sensitivelength9cm,diameter1cm),theotherwasJ5(sensitivelength2cm,diameter0.3cm),therestrictedsamplingtechniqueofsourcephotonwasused.Goodtendencyagreementsbetweenthesimulationsandexperimentswereachievedforgammaradiationwithenergiesrangingfrom40keVto1.25MeV.ForGJ4401,thedifferenceofresponsebetweensimulationsandexperimentsat662keVwas34%andforJ5thedifferencewas27%.

简介：Highlychargedions(HCIs)carryingamountofpotentialenergywillproducesomenewphysicalphenomenabecausethepotentialenergywillbedepositedintoaverysmallvolumewithinaveryshorttime.WewouldapplythecalorimetricmethodtostudytheenergydepositionofHCIs[1;2].Hereinweintroducethenewsetupforcalorimetricmeasurementforthepotentialenergydepositionofhighlychargedionsat320kVHighlyChargedIonsPhysicsExperimentalPlatform.Thesetupwasconstructedby3parts:theDewar,theelectricaltemperaturecontrollerandthemainpart.ThediamondtargetwasconnectedtotheLN2cooledheatsinkby4copperwiresandaPlatinumtemperaturesensorwasgluedtotherearsideofthetarget.AsshowninFig.1.

简介：

简介：Two-dimensional(2-D)BiVO4nanosheets-graphene(GR)compositeswithdifferentweightadditionratiosofGRhavebeenpreparedviaafacilewetchemistryprocess.X-raydiffraction(XRD),Ramanspectra,X-rayphotoelectronspectra(XPS),UV-visdiffusereflectancespectra(DRS),field-emissionscanningelectronmicroscopy(FE-SEM),transmissionelectronmicroscopy(TEM),nitrogenadsorption-desorption,transientphotocurrentresponseandphotoluminescence(PL)spectrawereemployedtodeterminethepropertiesofthesamples.ItisfoundthatBiVO4nanosheetscouldpavewellonthesurfaceofgraphenesheets.BiVO4nanosheets-GRcompositeswithaproperadditionamountofGRexhibitedhigherphotocatalyticactivitythanbareBiVO4nanosheetstowardliquid-phasedegradationofrhodamineB(RhB)andmethylorange(MO)undervisiblelightirradiation.TheenhancementofphotocatalyticactivitiesofBiVO4nanosheets-GRcompositescanbeattributedtotheeffectiveseparationofphotoexcitedelectron-holepairs.Thisworknotonlyprovidesasimplestrategyforfabricatingspecific2-Dsemiconductor-2-DGRcomposites,butalsoopensanewwindowofsuch2-Dsemiconductor-2-DGRcompositesasvisiblelightphotocatalyststowardanimprovedvisiblelightphotoactivityinpurifyingpollutedwaterresources.

简介：Isochronousmassspectrometry(IMS)instorageringsisapowerfultoolformassmeasurementsofexoticnuclewithveryshorthalf-livesdowntoseveraltensofmicroseconds,usingamulticomponentsecondarybeamseparatedin-ightwithoutcooling.However,theinevitablemomentumspreadofsecondaryionslimitstheprecisionofnuclearmassesdeterminedbyusingIMS.

简介：CO2photoreductionisanattractiveprocesswhichallowsthestorageofsolarenergyandsynthesisofsolarfuels.Manydifferentphotocatalyticsystemshavebeendeveloped,whilethealternativephoto-reactorsarestillinsufficientlyinvestigated.Inthiswork,photoreductionofCO2withH2OintoCH4wasinvestigatedinamodifiedconcentratingsolarreactor,usingTiO2andPt/TiO2asthecatalysts.TheTiO2andPt/TiO2sampleswereextensivelycharacterizedbydifferenttechniquesincludingpowderX-raydiffraction（XRD）,N2adsorption/desorptionandUV–visabsorption.ThecatalyticperformanceoftheTiO2andPt/TiO2samplesinthegasphasewasevaluatedunderunconcentratedandconcentratedXe-lamplightandnaturesolarlightwithdifferentconcentratingratios.VariousparametersofthereactionsystemandthecatalystswereinvestigatedandoptimizedtomaximizethecatalyticperformanceofCO2reductionsystem.Comparedwiththenormallightirradiation,theTiO2andPt/TiO2samplesshowhigherphotocatalyticactivity（about6–7times）forreducingCO2intoCH4underconcentratedXe-lamplightandnaturesolarlight.Intherangeofexperimentallightintensity,itisfoundthattheconcentrationofthelightmakesitsuitableforthecatalyticreaction,andincreasestheutilizationefficiencyoftheTiO2andPt/TiO2sampleswhiledoesnotdecreasethequantumefficiency.

简介：COandformaldehyde(HCHO)oxidationreactionswereinvestigatedovermesoporousAg/Co3O4catalystspreparedbyone-pot(OP)andimpregnation(IM)methods.Itwasfoundthattheone-potmethodwassuperiortotheimpregnationmethodforsynthesizingAg/Co3O4catalystswithhighactivityforbothreactions.ItwasalsofoundthatthecatalyticbehaviorofmesoporousCo3O4andAg/Co3O4catalystsforthebothreactionswasdifferent.AndtheadditionofsilveronmesoporousCo3O4didnotalwaysenhancethecatalyticactivityoffinalcatalystforCOoxidationatroomtemperature(20C),butcouldsignificantlyimprovethecatalyticactivityoffinalcatalystforHCHOoxidationatlowtemperature(90C).Thehighsurfacearea,uniformporestructureandtheprettygooddispersiondegreeofthesilverparticleshouldberesponsiblefortheexcellentlow-temperatureCOoxidationactivity.However,forHCHOoxidation,theadditionofsilverplayedanimportantroleintheactivityenhancement.AndthesilverparticlesizeandthereducibilityofCo3O4shouldbeindispensableforthehighactivityofHCHOoxidationatlowtemperature.

简介：NativedefectsinHfSiO_4areinvestigatedbyfirstprinciplescalculations.TransitionlevelsofnativedefectscanbeaccuratelydescribedbyemployingthenonlocalHSE06hybridfunctional.Thismethodologyovercomesthebandgapproblemintraditionalfunctionals.BybandalignmentsamongtheSi,GaAsandHfSiO_4,weareabletodeterminethepositionofdefectlevelsinSiandGaAsrelativetotheHfSiOibandgap.Weevaluatethepossibilityofthesedefectsactingasfixedcharge.Nativedefectsleadtothechangeofvalenceandconductionbandoffsets.Gateleakagecurrentisevaluatedbythebandoffset.Inaddition,wealsoinvestigatediffusionsofnativedefects,anddiscusshowtheyaffecttheMOSdeviceperformance.

简介：Continuoussiliconcarbidefiberreinforcedsiliconcarbide(SiCf/SiC)compositeshavebeenconsideredtobecandidatematerialsofhightemperaturestructuralapplicationinaerospace,energyconservationandpowergenerationduetotheexcellenthightemperaturemechanicalproperties,goodfractureresistance,corrosionresistanceandthermodynamicstability.Furthermore,duetothehighthermalstability,lowinducedradioactivity,quickdecayofactivityandlowafterheat,SiCf/SiCcompositeshavebeenrecognizedasthepromisingmaterialsoffissionandfuturefusionreactors.SiCf/SiCcompositesarecomposedofSiCfiberandSiCmarixmaterials.Radiationresistance,oxidationtolerance,fracturetoughnessandtensilestrengthofSiCfiberhaveadirectimpactontheSiCf/SiCcompositesperformance.

简介：本文主要研究了CCl4的拉曼散射光的偏振特性，通过观察和分析其光强分布图，计算出了CCl4的退偏比，并通过和理论计算结果的比较，了解分子结构和振动的对称性与拉曼光谱的偏振特性之闫的关系。

简介：Inrecentyears,themagneticmultilayerednanomaterialshavebeenextensivelystudiedforelectronics[1],ultrahightensilestrength[2],highstoragemedia[3],andmicrowavedevices[4]sincethegiantmagnetoresistance(GMR)effectwasfoundin1988.Asamemberof1Dnanostructuredmaterials,theferromagneticandnonmagneticmultilayernanowiresalsoexhibittremendouspotentialapplicationsinmanyfieldsduetotheiruniquemagneticandelectricalproperties.Inthiswork,theCu/NimultilayernanowirearraysarepreparediniontracktemplatewithelectrodepositionmethodandanewfacilemethodisfirstintroducedtoeasilyconfirmthedifferentlayerthicknessandcomponentbyremovingthenonmagneticlayerofCu.

简介：Ti6Al4Visawidelyappliedinmedicalimplantssuchasbone,joint,andteethduetoitsexcellentmechanicalproperties,corrosionresistance,plasticityandthebiocompatibilityofthesurfaceoxide.However,thenativesurfaceoxidefilmisquitethin(about5nm)andtechniquessuchasmicroarcoxidation,plasmasprayedhydroxyapatitaeandplasmaimmersionionimplantationareusedtosynthesizethickersurfacetitaniumoxide.

简介：YbxY1-xAl3(BO3)4(x=0.1,0.07and0)crystalshavebeengrownbythefluxmethod.ThegrowthdefectsofYbxY1-xAl3(BO3)4crystalsweredetectedbyX-raytopography.ItisfoundthattheperfcetionofYbYABcrystalwithlowYbdopantisbetterthanthatwithhighYbdopant.InYb0.1Y0.9Al3(BO3)4crystal,growhtbands,growthboundaries,grown-indislocationsandinclusionswereobserved.Howver,thedensitiesofgrowthdefectsforYb0.07Y0.93Al3(BO3)4andYAl3(BO3)4arelowandnoobviousinclusionsareobservedinthesecrytals.Inaddition,growthtwinswrerdetectedinYbxY1-xAl3(BO3)4crystalbyusingthechemicaletchingmethod.ItisfoundthatthegrowthtwinsoccurfrequentlyinYb0.01Y0.9Al3(BO3)4crystalwhereasnogrowthtwinappearsinYAl3(BO3)4crystal.Basedontheexperimentalobservations,theformationmechanismofgrowthtwinsisdiscussed.Inthemeantime,theeffectivemeasuresforreducingthegrowthtwinsanddefectsareproposed.2001ElsevierScienceB.V.Allrightsreserved.

简介：【本节需学习的内容】本节教材由“响度”、“音调”和“音色”三部分组成．通过实验探究声音的特性和影响声音特性的因素．

简介：【本节需学习的内容】本节教材由“汽化”、“液化”两个部分组成，分别介绍汽化的两种方式——蒸发和沸腾，它们的特点和应用，以及使气体液化的方法，初步学习用图像法来认识规律．