简介：Quantitativegeneexpressionanalysisplaysanimportantroleinidentifyingdifferentiallyexpressedgenesinvariouspathologicalstates,geneexpressionregulationandco-regulation,sheddinglightongenefunctions.Althoughmicroarrayiswidelyusedasapowerfultoolinthisregard,itissuboptimalquantitativelyandunabletodetectunknowngenevariants.Herewedemonstratedeffectivedetectionofdifferentialexpressionandco-regulationofcertaingenesbyexpressedsequencetaganalysisusingaselectedsubsetofcDNAlibraries.Wediscussedtheissuesofsequencingdepthandlibrarypreparation,andproposethatincreasedsequencingdepthandimprovedpreparationproceduresmayallowdetectionofmanyexpressionfeaturesforlessabundantgenevariants.Withthereductionofsequencingcostandtheemergingofnewgenerationsequencingtechnology,in-depthsequencingofcDNApoolsorlibrariesmayrepresentabetterandpowerfultoolingeneexpressionprofilingandcancerbiomarkerdetection.Wealsoproposeusingsequence-specificsubtractiontoremovehundredsofthemostabundanthousekeepinggenestoincreasesequencingdepthwithoutaffectingrelativeexpressionratioofothergenes,astranscriptsfromasfewas300mostabundantlyexpressedgenesconstituteabout20%ofthetotaltranscriptome.In-depthsequencingalsorepresentsauniqueadvantageofdetectingunknownformsoftranscripts,suchasalternativesplicingvariants,fusiongenes,andregulatoryRNAs,aswellasdetectingmutationsandpolymorphismsthatmayplayimportantrolesindiseasepathogenesis.

简介：TheEastAsianmonsoonsysteminfluencesthesedimentationandtransportoforganicmatterinEastAsianmarginalseasthatisderivedfrombothterrestrialandmarinesources.Inthisstudy,wedeterminedorganiccarbon（OC）isotopevalues,concentrationsofmarinebiomarkers,andlevelsofOCandtotalnitrogen（TN）incoreYSC-1fromthecentralSouthYellowSea（SYS）.OurobjectivesweretotracethesourcesofOCandvariationsinpalaeoproductivitysincethemiddleHolocene,andtheirrelationshipswiththeEastAsianmonsoonsystem.Therelativecontributionsofterrestrialversusmarineorganicmatterincoresedimentswereestimatedusingatwo-end-membermixingmodelofOCisotopes.ResultsshowthatmarineorganicmatterhasbeenthemainsedimentconstituentsincethemiddleHolocene.Thevariationofterrestrialorganiccarbonconcentration（OCter）issimilartotheEASMhistory.However,thevariationofmarineorganiccarbonconcentration（OCmar）isoppositetothatoftheEASMcurve,suggestingOCmarisdistinctlyinfluencedbyterrestrialmaterialinput.InputsofterrestrialnutrientsintotheSYSoccurintheformoffluvialandaeoliandust,whileconcentrationsofnutrientsinsurfacewaterarederivedmainlyfrombottomwaterviatheYellowSeacirculationsystem,whichiscontrolledbytheEastAsianwintermonsoon（EAWM）.Variationsinpalaeoproductivityrepresentedbymarineorganicmatterandbiomarkerrecordsare,ingeneral,consistentwiththerecentEAWMintensitystudies,thus,comparedwithEASM,EAWMmayplaythemainroletocontrolthemarineproductivityvariationsintheSYS.

简介：稀释Listeriamonocytogenes(LM)是为癌症疫苗的交货的有希望的候选人向量。在由介绍抗原的房间的吞噬作用以后，这个细菌刺激主要histocompatibility建筑群(MHC)我和MHC-II小径并且导致抗原特定的T淋巴细胞的增长。包含复制缺乏的LM种类Δ的基因修正的新策略；dalΔ；dat(Lmdd)被开发了表示并且藏匿人的CD24蛋白质。CD24是仔细与hepatocellular癌(HCC)的apoptosis，转移和复发被联系的肝的癌症干细胞biomarker。在在老鼠的静脉内的管理以后，Lmdd-CD24首先在怒气和肝被散布并且没引起严重机关损害。Lmdd-CD24有效地增加了干扰素(IFN)的数字-γ-producingCD8+T房间和IFN-γ；分泌物。Lmdd-CD24也提高了IL-4-和IL-10-producingT助手2房间的数字。Lmdd-CD24疫苗的功效进一步对Hepa1-6-CD24肿瘤被调查，它腹股沟地被接种进老鼠。Lmdd-CD24显著地在老鼠减少了肿瘤尺寸并且增加了他们的幸存。尤其是，T规章的房间(Treg)的减小数并且特定的CD8+T房间活动的改进在渗入肿瘤的淋巴细胞(TIL)被观察。这些结果对HCC建议Lmdd-CD24疫苗的一个潜在的应用程序。

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简介：Next-generationsequencing(NGS)technologyiscapableofsequencingmillionsorbillionsofDNAmoleculessimultaneously.Therefore,itrepresentsapromisingtoolfortheanalysisofmoleculartargetsfortheinitialdiagnosisofdisease,monitoringofdiseaseprogression,andidentifyingthemechanismofdrugresistance.OnbehalfoftheTumorBiomarkerCommitteeoftheChineseSocietyofClinicalOncology(CSCO)andtheChinaActionableGenomeConsortium(CAGC),thepresentexpertgroupherebyproposesadvisoryguidelinesonclinicalapplicationsofNGStechnologyfortheanalysisofcancerdrivergenesforprecisioncancertherapy.Thisgroupcomprisesanassemblyoflaboratorycancergeneticists,clinicaloncologists,bioinformaticians,pathologists,andotherprofessionals.Aftermultipleroundsofdiscussionsandrevisions,theexpertgrouphasreachedapreliminaryconsensusontheneedofNGSinclinicaldiagnosis,itsregulation,andcompliancestandardsinclinicalsamplecollection.Moreover,ithaspreparedNGScriteria,thesequencingstandardoperationprocedure(SOP),dataanalysis,report,andNGSplatformcertificationandvalidation.

简介：Objective:Theepidermalgrowthfactorreceptor(EGFR)inhibitorsmonoclonalantibodies(MoAbs)havealreadyshownthetherapeuticeffectivenessinpatientswithmetastaticcolorectalcancer(mCRC).Butmanypatientsresisttothetreatment.Theaimofthismeta-analysiswastoassessEGFRgenecopynumber(GCN)asacandidatepredictivebiomarkerforresistancetoanti-EGFRMoAbsinmCRCtreatment.Methods:SystematiccomputerizedsearchesofthePubMed,EMBaseandCochraneLibrarywereperformed.Theprimaryendpointwasobjectiveresponserate(ORR).Thesecondendpointsincludedprogression-freesurvival(PFS),andoverallsurvival(OS).Thepooledoddratio(OR)andpooledsensitivity,specificity,andsummaryreceiveroperatorcharacteristic(SROC)forORRwereestimated.Thepooledhazardratios(HR)forPFSandOSwerealsocalculated.Results:Fourteenstudieswith1,021patientswereincluded.IncreasedEGFRGCNwasassociatedwithincreasedORR(OR=6.905;95%CI:4.489-10.620).Itwasalsofoundinwild-typeKRASmCRCpatients,withthepooledORof8.133(95%CI:4.316-15.326).GCNhasmediumvalueforpredictingORR,withthepooledsensitivityof0.79(95%CI:0.73-0.84),thepooledspecificityof0.59(95%CI:0.55-0.62).InwildtypeKRASmCRCpatients,thesensitivityandthespecificitywere0.80(95%CI:0.70-0.87)and0.60(95%CI:0.53-0.66),respectively.IncreasedEGFRGCNwasassociatedwithincreasedPFS(HR=0.557;95%CI:0.382-0.732)andOS(HR=0.579;95%CI:0.422-0.737).Conclusions:Thismeta-analysissuggeststhatEGFRGCNrepresentsapredictivebiomarkerfortumorresponseinmCRCpatientstreatedwithMoAbsregardlessofKRASmutation.mCRCpatientswithincreasedEGFRGCNaremorelikelytohaveabetterresponse,PFS,andOSwhentreatedwithcetuximaborpanitumumab.

简介：ThestudyprovidesoneofthefirstlinesofevidenceshowinglinkagesbetweenAntarcticphytoplanktonabundanceandcompositioninresponsetoENSO,basedonhistoricalreconstructionofsedimentbiomarkers.Inadditiontosedimentbiomarkers,fieldmeasuredandremotesensingdataofphytoplanktonabundancewerealsorecordedfromPrydzBay,EasternAntarctica.CommunitystructureoffieldmeasuredphytoplanktonshowedsignificantElNino/LaNina-relatedsuccessionduring1990to2002.Ingeneral,thenumberofalgaespeciesdecreasedduringElNinoandLaNinayearscomparedtonormalyears.Australsummermonthlyvariationofremotelysensedchlorophyll-a(Chl-a),particulateorganiccarbon(POC),andseasurfacetemperature(SST)indicatedthatENSOimpactedthetimingofphytoplanktonbloomsduring2007to2011.Phytoplanktonblooms(indicatedbyChl-aandPOC)precededtheincreasesinSSTduringElNinoyears,andlaggedbehindtheSSTincreasesduringLaNinayears.Stratigraphicrecordofmarinesedimentarylipid(brassicasterol,dinosterolandalkenones)biomarkersinferredthattheproportionsofdifferentalgae(diatoms,dinoflagellatesandhaptophytes)changedsignificantlybetweenElNinoandLaNinaevents.Therelativeproportionofdiatomsincreased,withthatofdinoflagellatesbeingdecreasedduringElNinoyears,whileitwasreversedduringLaNinayears.

简介：ObjectiveTwoimportantgeologicalissueshavelongbeencontroversialintheXing–MengareaofNorthChina.ThefirstconcernsthefinalclosureofPaleo-AsianOceaninXing–Mengarea,andtheotherconcernsthefoldingandliftingoftheXing-MengTrough.ThefocusofthsesissuesistheLatePermiansedimentaryenvironment,whichis