简介:通过对2008年2月初发生的义乌雨凇天气过程进行分析,认为雨凇加降雪的反复交替冻结,易造成难以估计的重大损失;义乌雨凇在隆冬季节的1月下旬前后居多,且有较大降水过程并伴有较强偏北风的环境中;该次雨凇过程是在较强的拉尼娜事件、异常稳定的欧亚中高纬度阻塞高压与偏强的副热带高压、南支槽的异常活跃与700hPa逆温层的长时间异常偏强、充沛而深厚的水汽层等天气背景下发生的。在探空T—lnp图上有趋强的逆温层且最强出现在800hPa层次附近,气温可达到2~3℃是冰粒或雪花融化成雨滴,在该暖层以下的低层有较厚冷空气温度达到-4℃左右,是保持过冷雨滴而形成雨凇的物理机制。雨凇过程结束时,探空迹线表现为逆温层升高并趋向消失,同时500hPa以上的高层开始变干且变干层次逐渐降低。
简介:利用CMORPH卫星与自动气象观测站的逐时降水量融合资料,采用经验正交函数EOF、技巧评分及针对细网格模式的面向对象诊断检验方法MODE,评估T639细网格模式对2014年陕西省秋淋天气降水预报的效果。结果表明:T639模式整体较好的表现了2014年陕西省秋淋天气过程降水的空间分布,但预报的降水量级显著偏小;逐12h降水EOF分析表明,此次降水过程可分为系统性和对流性降水两种模态,T639模式对系统性降水的预报性能较好,空间模态与观测一致,但对局地性和对流性降水的预报性能相对较弱;模式整体预报能力较好,晴雨预报TS评分和ACC相关系数平均达0.6以上;空间和时间上预报降水频次偏多,是影响TS评分和ACC等晴雨评分技巧下降的主要原因。MODE检验表明,T639模式对大面积降水对象预报偏多,对局地性降水对象预报偏少;对中等强度降水对象偏多,对强降水及弱降水对象预报偏少;预报对象与观测对象的整体匹配性较好,但两者的面积存在一定差异。
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简介:Netprimaryproduction(NPP)ofcroprepresentsthecapacityofsequestratingatmosphericCO_2inagro-ecosystem,anditplaysanimportantroleinterrestrialcarboncycling.BylinkingtheCrop-CmodelwithclimatechangescenarioprojectedbyacoupledGCMFGOALSviageographicalinformationsystem(GIS)techniques,cropNPPinChinawassimulatedfrom2000to2050.ThenationalaveragedsurfaceairtemperaturefromFGOALSisprojectedtoincreaseby1.0℃overthisperiodandthecorrespondingatmosphericCO_2concentrationis535ppmby2050undertheIPCCAIBscenario.Withaspatialresolutionof10×10km~2,modelsimulationindicatedthatanannualaverageincreaseof0.6TgCyr~(-1)(Tg=10~(12)g)wouldbepossibleundertheAIBscenario.TheNPPinthelate2040swouldincreaseby5%(30TgC)withinthe98×10~6hm~2croplandareaincontrastwiththatintheearly2000s.AfurtherinvestigationsuggestedthatchangesintheNPPwouldnotbeevenlydistributedinChina.AhigherincreasewouldoccurinamajorityofregionslocatedineasternandnorthwesternChina,whileaslightreductionwouldappearinHebeiandTianjininnorthernChina.ThespatialcharacteristicsofthecropNPPchangeareattributedprimarilytotheunevendistributionoftemperaturechange.
简介:ThisstudyinvestigatesclassificationanddiurnalvariationsoftheprecipitationechoesoverthecentralTibetanPlateaubasedontheobservationscollectedfromaC-bandvertically-pointingfrequency-modulatedcontinuous-wave(C-FMCW)radarduringtheThirdTibetanPlateauAtmosphericScientificExperiment(TIPEX-Ⅲ)2014-IntensiveObservationPeriod(2014-IOP).Theresultsshowthat51.32%oftheverticalprofileshavevalidechoeswithreflectivity>-10dBZ,and35.06%ofthevalidechoprofilesproduceprecipitationattheground(precipitationprofiles);stratiformprecipitationwithanevidentbright-bandsignature,weakconvectiveprecipitation,andstrongconvectiveprecipitationaccountfor52.03%,42.98%,and4.99%oftheprecipitationprofiles,respectively.About59.84%oftheprecipitationoccursintheafternoontomidnight,while40.16%oftheprecipitationwithweakerintensityisobservedinthenocturnalhoursandinthemorning.Diurnalvariationofoccurrencefrequencyofprecipitationshowsamajorpeakduring2100-2200LST(localsolartime)with59.02%beingthestratiformprecipitation;thesecondarypeakappearsduring1300-1400LSTwith59.71%beingtheweakconvectiveprecipitation;thestrongconvectiveprecipitationoccursmostly(81.83%)intheafternoonandeveningwithtwopeaksover1200-1300and1700-1800LST,respectively.Startingfromapproximately1100LST,precipitationechoesdevelopwithenhancedverticalairmotion,elevatedechotop,andincreasingradarreflectivity.Intenseupwardairmotionoccursmostfrequentlyin1700-1800LSTwithasecondarypeakin1100-1400LST,whilethetopsofprecipitationechoesandintenseupwardairmotionreachtheirhighestlevelsduring1600-1800LST.Theatmosphericconditionsintheearlymorningaredisadvantageousforconvectiveinitiationanddevelopment.Aroundnoon,theconvectiveavailablepotentialenergy(CAPE)increasesmarkedly,convectiveinhibition(CIN)isgenerallysmall,andasuper-dry-adiabaticlayerispresentnear
简介:1前言短波单边带数传系统是"9210"工程业务系统的重要组成部分,在"9210"工程实施过程中,我中心承担了短波单边带电台的技术验收工作,由于所采用的FT-80C型电台在业务使用中主要承担数传任务,因此对电台的部分技术指标有一定特殊要求:发射机载波频率误差≤10Hz、接收机调制接收带宽≥2.6kHz.