简介：

简介：

简介：

简介：TheinhomogeneityinacongrunetLiTaO3crystalhasbeenobservedbytransmissionsynchrotrontopography.ManyextraordinaryregionsexistincongruentLiTaO3crystalandtheyoftenshowdiffractionintensitydifferentfromthatofordinaryregionsinsynchrotrontopographs.DifferentialthermalanalysisindiatesthattheCurietemperatureoftheextraordinaryregionislowerthanthatofordinaryregion,andtheextraordinaryregionisreallyahighdefectdensityregion.Thediffractioncontrastoftheextraordinaryregioninsynchrotrontopographsisexplainedqualitativelybyacalculationattheselectedwavelength.2001PublishedbyElsevierScienceB.V.

简介：稳固的墙上的表成穴的开始的预言被认出了很困难，自从它被边界层流动显著地影响特征，免费原子核的人口，原子核控制了墙粗糙，在液体的溶解空气的数量等等。开始怎么被水质量和背景流动的条件影响，足够地没被弄明白特征。在这研究，高从免费原子核加速表洞的开始的观察被进行为一二维会聚--分叉的嘴流动，表洞在此就嘴喉咙下游地形成。表成穴的开始进程上的溶解空气和免费的流速度的数量的效果被检验。另外，水泡原子核密度，众所周知是为成穴开始的重要因素，被在隧道安装的过滤器消极地控制。从观察，原子核数字密度显著地影响表洞而非另外的二个参数的形成，这被证实。在与大原子核数字调节密度，表洞不形成，并且冒泡的成穴相反出现。在有小原子核数字密度的情况中，表洞从一个单个流动原子核形成并且streamwisely并且spanwisely发展。处于有中等原子核数字密度的条件，表洞也形成，但是是shorter/更狭窄的streamwisely/spanwisely，由于流动在形成的表洞附近的另外的原子核的相互作用。

简介：在现在的研究，一种湖泊的壳(Hyriopsiscumingii)的微观结构被使用扫描电子显微镜学，和壳珠母贝的机械行为实验观察并且测量被使用弯曲和张力的测试执行。它的微观结构上的壳珠母贝的机械性质的依赖被使用一个修改砍落后模型，和全面压力紧张关系分析被获得。试验性的结果表明壳珠母贝的机械性质强烈取决于湖泊的壳的水内容。干燥珠母贝显示出易碎的行为，而弄湿珠母贝显示强壮的韧性。比作张力的测试，弯曲测试过高估计力量并且低估幼仔的模量。修改砍落后模型能有效地描绘珠母贝的变丑特征。

简介：

简介：

简介：Tappingmodeatomicforcemicroscopehasbeenappliedtoobservesingle-chainPMMAparticleswhichwerestoredforsixmonthsatroomtemperatureaftersprayedfromverydilutesolutionsingoodsolvents,good/poormixedsolvents,andathetasolvent.Monodis-persePMMAstandardsofmolecularweightsrangingfrom7.90×10~4to1.3×10~6wereusedtoinvestigatetheeffectofmolecularweightohthesizeofthesingle-chainPMMAparticles.Thesesingle-chainparticlesshowedclosetosphericalshapes.Themorphologyofsingle-chainPMMAparticlesofagivenmolecularweightwasfoundtobeidenticalinspiteofdifferentsolventsusedforsolutionspraying.Molecularweighdependenceoftheparticledimensionwasalsofound.Thediametersofsingle-chainPMMAparticlesaftercorrectionoftlp-geometryeffectwerecomparedtothevaluesestimatedfrommolecularweightanddensity.

简介：Anefficientmethodtomountacoupledsilicamicrosphereandtaperedfibersystemisproposedanddemonstratedexperimentally.Forthepurposeofoptomechanicalstudies,high-quality-factoroptical(Q_o～10~8)andmechanicalmodes(Q_m～0.87×10~4)aremaintainedafterthemountingprocess.Forthemountedmicrosphere,thecouplingsystemismorestableandcompactand,thus,isbeneficialforfuturestudiesandapplicationsbasedonoptomechanicalinteractions.Especially,thepackagedoptomechanicalsystem,whichistestedinavacuumchamber,pavesthewaytowardquantumoptomechanicsresearchincryostat.

简介：RecentexperimentalresultsonNIFrevealedamuchhigherstimulatedBrillouinscattering(SBS)andstimulatedRamanscattering(SRS)backscatterthanexpected;onepossiblereasonwasduetothecoherencebetweenincidentlaserbeams.Inourresearch,twolaserbeams(~1ns,~250J,527nmineachone)withdifferentcoherentdegreesbetweenthemfromtheSG-IIfacilitywereemployedtoirradiateanAuplatetarget;thebackscatterofSBSandSRSintherangeofthegivensolidanglehadbeenmeasured.Theresultsshowedthatitcouldchangedramaticallycorrespondingtothedifferenceofthecoherentdegreebetweenthetwolaserbeams,andtherewasusuallymoreintensebackscatterthehigherthecoherentdegreebetweentheincidentbeams.

简介：Ahybridno-corefiber(NCF)–gradedindexmultimodefiber(GIMF)structureisusedasasaturableabsorber(SA)formode-lockedlaseroperation.SuchanSAsupportsvarioustypesofsolitonoutputs.Bychangingthecavityparameters,notonlythespatiotemporalmode-lockingstateswithastablesinglepulsebutalsotightlyandlooselyboundsolitonsaregenerated.Single35.5pJsolitonscenteredat1568.5nmhavea4nmspectralfull-widthathalf-maximumandan818fstemporalduration.Tightlyboundsolitonpairswithcontinuouslytunablewavelengthfrom1567.48nmto1576.20nm,featuredwithan~700fspulsetrainwithaseparationof2.07ps,havebeenobservedbystretchingtheNCF-GIMFstructureddevice.Meanwhile,severaldifferentpulseseparationsfrom37.57psto56.46psoflooselyboundsolitonshavealsobeenrealized.Theresultsprovidehelpinunderstandingthenonlineardynamicsinfiberlasers.

简介：Inthispaper,weexaminethetinypolarizationrotationeffectintotalinternalreflectionduetothespin–orbitinteractionoflight.Wefindthatthetinypolarizationrotationratewillinduceageometricphasegradient,whichcanberegardedasthephysicaloriginofphotonicspinHalleffect.Wedemonstratethatthespin-dependentsplittinginpositionspaceisrelatedtothepolarizationrotationinmomentumspace,whilethespin-dependentsplittinginmomentumspaceisattributedtothepolarizationrotationinpositionspace.Furthermore,weintroduceaquantumweakmeasurementtodeterminethetinypolarizationrotationrate.Therotationrateinmomentumspaceisobtainedwith118nm,whichmanifestsitselfasaspatialshift,andtherotationrateinpositionspaceisachievedwith38μrad∕λ,whichmanifestsitselfasanangularshift.TheinvestigationofthepolarizationrotationcharacteristicswillprovideinsightsintothephotonicspinHalleffectandwillenableustobetterunderstandthespin–orbitinteractionoflight.

简介：Bunchingofelementarystepsbysolutionflowisstillnotyetclarifiedforproteincrystals.Hence,inthisstudy,weobservedelementarystepsoncrystalsurfacesofmodelproteinhenegg-whitelysozyme(HEWL)underforcedflowconditions,byouradvancedopticalmicroscopy.WefoundthatinthecaseofaHEWLsolutionof99.99%purity,forcedflowchangedbunchedstepsintoelementaryones(debunching)ontetragonalHEWLcrystals.Incontrast,inthecaseofaHEWLsolutionof98.5%purity,forcedflowsignificantlyinducedbunchingofelementarysteps.TheseresultsindicatethatinthecaseofHEWLcrystals,themasstransferofimpuritiesismoresignificantlyenhancedbyforcedsolutionflowthanthatofsoluteHEWLmolecules.Wealsoshowedthatforcedflowinducedtheincorporationofmicrocrystalsintoamothercrystalandthesubsequentformationofscrewdislocationsandspiralgrowthhillocks.

简介：PitformationandsurfacemorphologicalevolutioninSi(001)homoepitaxyareinvestigatedbyusingscanningtunnelingmicroscopy.Anti-phaseboundaryisfoundtogiverisetoinitialgenerationofpitsboundbybunchedDBsteps.Theterracesbreakupandarereducedtoacriticalnucleussizewithpitformation.Duetoanisotropickinetics,adownhillbiasdiffusioncurrent,whichislargeralongthedimerrowsthroughthecentreareaoftheterracethanthroughtheareaclosetotheedge,leadstotheprevalenceofpitsboundby{101}facets.Subsequentannealingresultsinashapetransitionfrom{101}-facetedpitstomulti-facetedpits.

简介：Wereportonthetransmissionspectraofasausage-likemicroresonator(SLM)inaqueousenvironment,whereafibertaperisusedasalightcoupler.ThetransmissionspectrashowaninterestingdependenceonthecouplingpositionbetweentheSLMandthefibertaper.WhentheSLMismovedalongthefibertaper,thelineshapecanevolveperiodicallyamongsymmetricdips,asymmetricFano-likeresonancelineshapes,andsymmetricpeaks.Acoupled-modetheorywithfeedbackisdevelopedtoexplaintheobservation.TheobservationofFano-likeresonanceinaqueousenvironmentholdsgreatpotentialinbiochemicalsensing.

简介：Graphitehasbeencurrentlyconsideredasapromisingcathodematerialindualionbatteries(DIBs)duetoitsuniquefeaturesofsp2hybridizedcarbonandstackedtwo-dimensionallayeredstructures.However,unexpectedvolume/thicknesschangesinthegraphitecathodes,inducedbytheintercalation/deintercalationofanionswithlargemolecularsizehavebeenknowntobeacriticalproblemindesigningDIBcells.Tounderstandthevolume/thicknesschangesintheDIBelectrodes,inoperandoopticalobservingapparatushasbeenemployedtoobservethecross-sectionviewofagraphite-basedcathodeuponcyclesinthepresentwork.Theobservationsuggeststhatthecathodeinitiallypresentedahugeirreversiblethicknesschange(60%),andsuchthicknessvariationwaspronetoreduceandremain<20%inthefollowingcycles.Theresultsfrombothinoperandoobservationandelectrochemicalcharacterizationscollectivelyindicatethatthegreaterthicknessvariationatinitialcycleshouldbeattributedtobothanionintercalationintographite-basedcathodesandirreversibledecompositionofchemicalcomponentsintheDIBsystem.Themethodherehighlightsauniversalrouteforfundamentallyunderstandingtheelectrodesofhugevolumevariation.

简介：Inthispaperweconsideranon-standardinverseheatconductionproblemfordeterminingsurfaceheatfluxfromaninteriorobservationwhichappearsinsomeappliedsubjects.Thisproblemisill-posedinthesensethatthesolution(ifitexists)doesnotdependcontinuouslyonthedata.AFouriermethodisappliedtoformulatearegularizedapproximationsolution,andsomesharperrorestimatesarealsogiven.

简介：ＦｉｒｓｔＯｂｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎｏｆＹｒａｓｔＢａｎｄｉｎＮ＝９１Ｏｄｄ－ｏｄｄ１６２ＬｕＮｕｃｌｅｕｓ￥ＺｈａｎｇＹｕｈｕ；ＺｈｏｕＸｉａｏｈｏｎｇ；ＺｈａｏＱｉｎｇｚｈｏｎｇ；ＳｕｎＸｉａｎｇｆｕ；ＬｅｉＸｉａｎｇｇｕｏ；?..

简介：Insituphotochromicprocessinthemonolayerofaphotochromicspiropyranderivativewithoutlongalkylchain,wasinvestigated.Thephotochromismattheair/waterinterfaceunderdiffernetsurfacepressureswasstudiedbysurfacepressure-areaisotherms,surfacepressure-timecurves,area-timecurvesandBrewsteranglemicroscopy.Bothformsofthecompoundwerefoundtoformmonolayersattheair/waterinterfacealthouhgitdoesnothavelongalkylchain.Alargeareaexpansioninthemonolayercorrespondingtoazreo^thorderreactionwasfoundattheinitialstageoftheUVlightirradiation.Aseriesofdynamicinvestigationsrevealedthatathighpressureafterphasetransitioninthemonolayer,thesurfacepressurechangesgreatlyumderalternativeirradiationofUVandvisiblelight.Anobviousmorphologicalchangeaccompanyingwiththephotochromismwasobservedinsitu.