简介：Carbonnanotubes(CNTs)canbefluidizedintheformoffluidlikeagglomeratesmadeofmanythree-dimensionalsub-agglomerates,havingamulti-stageagglomerate(MSA)structureandcontaininglargeamountsoftwistingCNTsofmicrometermagnitude.

简介：不同尺寸的喷雾器被一个安德森空气刺绣花样收集观察黑碳(BC)的详细形态学与另外的伴随的喷雾器化学上被分开的喷雾器，用与一个精力DispersiveX光线分光计(SEM-EDX)装备的一台扫描电子显微镜。结果显示大多数BC喷雾器是在直径并且与同类的表面的大约50nm的球形的粒子。结果也证明这些粒子与另外的喷雾器或与自己一起聚集形成更大在测微计范围聚结。这些50-nmBC球形的粒子的形状被发现很类似于免除石油动力的车辆的内燃机的BCparticles的。这些球形的BCparticles被显示与发现帮助usingMatrix的激光解吸附作用/电离蒂米夫莱特·马斯·斯佩克特罗梅特里(MALDI-TOF-MS)的以前报导的fullerenes不同。

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简介：骨胶原纤维提供成为强壮的一个好例子微--或从nanoscaletropocollagen分子通过的mesoscale纤维一蹒跚并且以一种自底向上的方式的cross-linked组织。骨胶原纤维的建筑上的特征被显示出是一条有希望的途径开发高效的碳nanotube(CNT)纤维的Mimicking。在现在的工作，一个有弹性的模型被开发在bioinspiredCNT捆以内描述负担转移和失败繁殖，并且与象CNT方面比率和纵的差距那样的很多个几何、物理的参数建立捆的机械性质的关系，接口交叉结合密度，和在CNT的导致functionalization的降级，等等。与模型一起，沿着CNTCNT接口以及在每单个CNT的压力分布是捕获的井，和沿着CNT捆的机械性质上的接口和它的效果的失败繁殖被预言。工作可以在实践为新奇CNT纤维的设计提供有用指南。

简介：Carbonnanotubemacro-filmsaretwo-dimensionalfilmswithmicrometerthicknessandcentimeterbycentimeterin-planedimension.Thesecarbonnanotubemacroscopicassemblieshaveattractedsignificantattentionfromthematerialandmechanicscommunitiesrecentlybecausetheycanbeeasilyhandledandtailoredtomeetspecificengineeringneeds.Thispaperreportstheexperimentalmethodsonthepreparationandcharacterizationofsingle-walledcarbonnanotubemacro-films,andastatisticalmechanicsmodelon...

简介：Nanofibrous碳的材料(NFC)作为有许多应用的材料的一个新班，能催化H2S的选择氧化到硫。在在H2S氧化的NFC结构和它的活动和选择之间的关联是坚定的。如果有更多的订的结构的NFC被综合，在碳的原来的催化剂的部分被增加在催化剂积累的碳减少，选择能被改进，这被表明。

简介：Heattransportisakeyenergeticprocessinmaterialsanddevices.Thereducedsamplesize,lowdimensionoftheproblemandtherichspectrumofmaterialimperfectionsintroducefruitfulphenomenaatnanoscale.Inthisreview,wesummarizerecentprogressesintheunderstandingofheattransportprocessinlow-dimensionalmaterials,withfocusontherolesofdefects,disorder,interfaces,andthequantummechanicaleffect.Newphysicsuncoveredfromcomputationalsimulations,experimentalstudies,andpredictablemodelswillbereviewed,followedbyaperspectiveonopenchallenges.

简介：Thispapergivesanoverviewonnonlinearporousflowinlowpermeabilityporousmedia,revealsthemicroscopicmechanismsofflows,andclarifiespropertiesofporousflowfluids.Itshowsthat,deviatingfromDarcy’slinearlaw,theporousflowcharacteristicsobeyanonlinearlawinalow-permeabilityporousmedium,andtheviscosityoftheporousflowfluidandthepermeabilityvaluesofwaterandoilarenotconstants.Basedonthesecharacters,anewporousflowmodel,whichcanbetterdescribelowpermeabilityreservoir,isestablished.Thismodelcandescribevariouspatternsofporousflow,asDarcy’slinearlawdoes.Alltheparametersinvolvedinthemodel,havingdefinitephysicalmeanings,canbeobtaineddirectlyfromtheexperiments.

简介：TheaerodynamicforcesandflowstructureofamodelinsectwingisstudiedbysolvingtheNavier-Stokesequationsnumerically.Afteraninitialstartfromrest,thewingismadetoexecuteanazimuthalrotation(sweeping)atalargeangleofattackandconstantangularvelocity.TheReynoldsnumber(Re)consideredinthepresentnoteis480(Reisbasedonthemeanchordlengthofthewingandthespeedat60%winglengthfromthewingroot).Duringtheconstant-speedsweepingmotion,thestallisabsentandlargeandapproximatelyconstantliftanddragcoefficientscanbemaintained.Themechanismfortheabsenceofthestallorthemaintenanceoflargeaerodynamicforcecoefficientsisasfollows.Soonaftertheinitialstart,avortexring,whichconsistsoftheleading-edgevortex(LEV),thestartingvortex,andthetwowing-tipvortices,isformedinthewakeofthewing.Duringthesubsequentmotionofthewing,abase-to-tipspanwiseflowconvertsthevorticityintheLEVtothewingtipandtheLEVkeepsanapproximatelyconstantstrength.ThispreventstheLEVfromshedding.Asaresult,thesizeofthevortexringincreasesapproximatelylinearlywithtime,resultinginanapproximatelyconstanttimerateofthefirstmomentofvorticity,orapproximatelyconstantliftanddragcoefficients.Thevariationoftherelativevelocityalongthewingspancausesapressuregradientalongthewingspan.Thebase-to-tipspanwiseflowismainlymaintainedbythepressure-gradientforce.

简介：Weconductedmeasurementsofblackcarbon（BC）aerosolinJiaxing,ChinaduringautumnfromSeptember26toNovember30,2013.WeinvestigatedtemporalanddiurnalvariationsofBC,anditscorrelationswithmeteorologicalparametersandothermajorpollutants.ResultsshowedthathourlymassconcentrationsofBCrangedfrom0.2to22.0μg/m3,withanaverageof5.1μg/m3.ThediurnaivariationofBCexhibitedabimodaldistribution,withpeaksat07:00and18:00.Themorningpeakwaslargerthantheeveningpeak.ThemasspercentagesofBCinPM2.5andPM10were7.1%and4.8%,respectively.TheabsorptioncoefficientofBCwascalculatedtobe44.4Mm-1,whichaccountedfor11.1%ofthetotalaerosolextinction.BCwasmainlyemittedfromlocalsourcesinsouthwesternJiaxingwhereBCconcentrationsweregenerallygreaterthan11μg/m3duringthemeasurementperiod.CorrelationanalysisindicatedthatthemainsourcesofBCweremotorvehicleexhaust,anddomesticandindustrialcombustion.

简介：Thisworkfocusesonthestudyoftheeffectofhydrophobicityonthewaterflowincarbonnanotubes(CNTs)usingamoleculardynamics(MD)approachforawiderangeofpotentialapplicationssuchaswaterpurificationandhighefficiencyofnanofluidenergyabsorptionsystems(NEAS).ThehydrophobicitybetweenliquidwaterandsurfaceofCNTswascharacterizedbyinteraction-energy-coefficient(IEC)—aparameterdescribingtheenergyinteractionstrengthbetweenwatermoleculesandcarbonatoms.Itisshownthatthestaticcontactanglesbetweenwaterandcarbonsurfacedecreasefrom155°to44°whenthevaluesofIECincreasefrom0.042kJ/molto2.196kJ/mol.Inaddition,thepressuredropsinCNTbecameindependentofIECwhentheIECvaluewashigherthan1.192kJ/molforagivenflowrate.ItwasfoundthatthehydrophobicityofCNTsurfacehasasignificantimpactonthepressuredropofwaterflowintheCNTsandMDmethodprovidesaquantitativeevaluationoftheimpact.

简介：Holloworderedporouscarbonspheres（HOPCS）withahierarchicalstructurewerepreparedbytemplatingwithholloworderedmesoporoussilicaspheres（HOMSS）.Scanningelectronmicroscopy（SEM）andtransmissionelectronmicroscopy（TEM）showedthatHOPCSexhibitedasphericalhollowmorphology.High-resolutionTEM,smallangleX-raydiffraction（SAXRD）andN2sorptionmeasurementsconfirmedthatHOPCSinverselyreplicatedtheunconnectedhexagonal-stackedporestructureofHOMSS,andpossessedorderedporosity.HOPCSexhibitedahigherstoragecapacityforLi+ionbattery（LIB）of527.6mAh/g,andgoodcyclingperformance.Alargecapacitylossduringthefirstdischarge-chargecyclewasfoundattributedtothehighcontentofmicropores.Thecyclingperformancewasderivedfromthehierarchicalstructure.

简介：高度强制的钴铁酸盐nanoparticles被他们的暂停的直接注射为加热为磁性的过高热综合并且学习进一个强壮的听觉频率的磁场的一个肿瘤和应用。物理(在液体和稳固的分散的动态磁性的磁滞现象和热产生)，生物(在进老鼠肿瘤织物的治疗学的数量的粒子的毒性和穿入)象其它一样，粒子的性质被学习。一个模型被开发为Brownian和常规旋转与一篇报道在磁性的nanoclusters的暂停描述magnetodynamics，到提供观察现象的理解。开发的试验性、理论的技术为低频率的热产生为磁性的nanoparticles的可控制的合成形成了一个基础在医药并且另外的应用程序。

简介：Coherentstructuresareessentialforthemomentumexchangeandturbulenceproductioninwall-boundedturbulentflows.Diversifiedcoherentstructureshavebeenobservedinturbulentboundarylayers,andhairpin-basedvorticesdominatemostoftherelevantliterature.However,thereisnoconsensusyetontheoriginandformingmechanismofhairpinvortices.Herein,fivecornerstonespertainingtotheframeworkofhairpin-basedcoherentstructuresarereviewed,andthreedifferenthairpingenerationmechanismsareclarified.Next,thetime-resolvedtomographicparticleimagevelocimetry(Tomo-PIV)isusedinanearlyturbulentboundarylayer(Reθ=420)toinvestigatetheoriginofhairpinvortices.Thetimelinesrevealatriangularbulgeinthelow-speedstreak(LSS),andtheinitialroll-upoccursattwosidesofit.Meanwhile,thematerialsurfacesmanifestasathree-dimensional(3D)wavestructureintheLSS,whichmaysupportthemodelofasoliton-likecoherentstructure(SCS).Subsequently,themethodofLagrangian-averagedvorticitydeviationisusedtodetectearlyvortices.Wefindthatthe3Dwavestructureisflankedbytwovortices,thusconfirmingtheroll-upoftimelinesanddemonstratingtheadvantageoftheLagrangiancriteriaincapturingstructuresincomplexflows.Theseresultssuggestthatvariouscoherentstructuresmayevolvefromthemetamorphosisof3Dwavestructuresandtheirlaterinteraction.Finally,thelimitationsoftraditionalexperimentalandpost-processingtoolsarediscussed.

简介：Analumina-supportedcobaltaerogelcatalystpreparedfromasol-gelandasupercriticaldryingmethodwasusedinthecatalyticdecompositionofmethane.Thephysical-chemicalpropertiesofthecatalystwerecharacterizedanditsactivityformethanedecompositionwasinvestigated.Theeffectsofcalcinationandreactiontemperaturesontheactivityofthecatalystandthemorphologyofthecarbonnanotubesproducedwerediscussed.ACoAl2O4spinelstructureformedinthecalcinedcatalyst.Thequantityofthenanotubesproducedinthereactionincreaseswiththeamountofcobaltinthereducedcatalyst.Ahigherreactiontemperatureleadstoahigherreactionrate,thoughfasterdeactivationofthecatalystoccurswiththechange.Thecarbonnanotubesgrownonthecatalysthavesmoothwallsanduniformdiameterdistribution.

简介：Thediscoveryofdrawablecarbonnanotubeforestsopenedupthepossibilityofconstructingawiderangeofpurecarbonnanotubemacrostructuresandsparkedinterestsindevelopingapplicationsfromthesestructures,especiallypurecarbonnanotubeyarns.Thisreviewexaminesthevariousfacetsofthedrawablecarbonnanotubeforests,synthesisanddrawability,andtheirresultingyarns,structure,production,propertiesandapplications.Thestructure,formationandpropertiesofcarbonnanotubeyarnsarecomparedwiththoseofconventionaltextileyarnsinordertoobtainabetterunderstandingofthescience,structuralmechanicsandprocessingtechnologyinvolvedincarbonnanotubeyarns.

简介：Thepolarlowandtropicalcyclonetypevorticesovertopographyareassumedtobetheaxisymmetricalandthermal-windbalancedsystems,whicharesolvedasaninitialvalueproblemofalinearizedvortexequationsetincylindricalcoordinates.Therolesofthesensibleandlatentheating,friction,andtopographyinthestructureandintensificationofthepolarlowandtropicalcyclonetypevorticesareanalyzed.Theradialvelocity,verticalvelocity,azimuthalvelocity,andtheunstablegrowthrateincludingthetopographyeffectsareobtained.Itisshownthattheinteractionbetweentheflowandthetopographyplaysasignificantroleinthestructureandintensificationofthepolarlowandtropicalcyclonesystem.Theanalysisofthetopographytermindicatesthat,intheup-slopesideofthemountain,theradialinflowandtheverticalascentforcedbythemountaincanintensifythepolarlowandtropicalcyclonetypevortexandincreasetheunstablegrowthrate.However,intheleesideofthemountain,theradialinflowandtheverticaldescentforcedbythemountaincanweakenthepolarlowandtropicalcyclonetypevortexanddecreasetheunstablegrowthrateofthepolarlowandtropicalcyclonesystem.Inaddition,theevolutionaryprocessandthespatialstructureofthepolarlowobservedovertheJapanSeaon19December2003areinvestigatedwiththeobservationaldatatoverifythistheoreticalresult.

简介：Spacecraftsciencemissionstoplanetsorasteroidshavehistoricallyvisitedonlyoneorseveralcelestialbodiespermission.Theresearchgoalofthispaperistocreateatrajectorydesignalgorithmthatgeneratestrajectoryallowingaspacecrafttovisitasignificantnumberofasteroidsduringasinglemission.Fortheproblemofglobaltrajectoryoptimization,evenwithrecentadvancesinlow-thrusttrajectoryoptimization,afullenumerationofthisproblemisnotpossible.Thisworkpresentsanalgorith...

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