简介：模拟用一个修改中央缩尺模型被执行，极的MM5，它在极的区域以内为使用被改编。学习的目的是在在北极硫上模仿大气的行为说明极的MM5的技巧。自动气象站数据，全球大气的分析，以及近表面、上面空气的观察被用来验证模拟。在191997年4月29日模拟揭示了的时期以内的极的MM5和原来的MM5的平行模拟那极的MM5为在北美人上定位的区域比原来的MM5复制了更好近表面的变量预报北极区域。由极的MM5的很好预言的近表面的温度和混合比证实在这个模型被使用的修改物理parameterization计划为北极河区域是适当的。然后，在北美人和欧亚的领域上的极的MM5模拟的扩大评估然后在到2003年5月15日的2002年12月15日期间被执行。从在为在850hPa和500个hPa变量的近表面、垂直的侧面的16个车站的观察和极的MM5模拟的时间序列阴谋和统计分析被分析。模型被发现与精确性的高度在大小和可变性两个都复制观察大气的状态，特别为温度和近表面的风，尽管有细微冷偏爱，在表面附近存在。

简介：Thetrack,landfall,dynamicandthermodynamicandcloud-rainphysicalmesoscalestructuresandtheirevolutionoftyphoonHERB1996in36hfrom0000UTC31Julyto1200UTC1August1996weresimulatedbyusingthenon-hydrostaticmesoscalemodelMM5.ThisperiodcoveredtheprocessoftyphoonHERBlandfallatTaiwanandFujianProvinces.ResultsshowthatthemodelsuccessfullysimulatedthelandfallprocessoftyphoonHERB,revealedthemostimportantcharacteristicsofthemesoscaledynamicandthermodynamicandcloud-rainphysicalstructureduringitslandfall.Thesimulatedtyphoontrackwasclosetotheobservation.Thecenterofcycloniccirculationsimulatedat0000UTCon1August1996(24hintegration)waslocatedinshorenearFuqing,FujianProvinceatwhichthetyphoonwasreportedtolandfalltwohourslater.Itshowsthatstrongupwardmotionformedbylowlevelconvergenceexistedintheeye-wallandsubsidenceattheeye.Thewindfieldshowsclearasymmetricalstructurenearthetyphooncenter.Thecloudandrainbandwasscrew-typeddistributedaroundtyphooncenter,andconsistedofmeso-βscaleraincores.DuringtheperiodoftyphoonHERBstayingnearandpassingoverTaiwan,thelowercloudwasdevelopedintheeyeregionsothatthepreviouscleartyphooneyeonthesatellitepicturesbecamefuzzy.Observationshowsthatthetyphooncenterwas"warm",butthemodelsimulationswithhigherspaceresolutionshowthatinthemid-tropospheretheregionofeye-wallwithstrongerupwardmotionandmorecloud-andrain-waterwaswarmerthantheeye.DuringtheperiodoftyphoonpassingoverTaiwananditsfollowinglandfallatFujian,thetrackofmodeltyphoondeviatedabout30kmnorthward(i.e.,rightward)becauseoftheorographiceffectsofTaiwanIsland,butthestrengthofthetyphoonwasnotaffectedremarkably.TheamountofrainfallonTaiwaninthe36hsimulationswasenhancedmorethansixtimesbytheorographicliftingofTaiwanMountain.

简介：InnestednonhydrostaticmesoscalemodelMM5,thecharacteristicquantitiesofatmosphericturbulence,i.e.,thestandarddeviationsoftheturbulentfluctuatedspeedsforthreedirectionsinPBLarecomputedbyMellor-Yamada’slevel2.5closurescheme.Themagnitudesandtheverticalprofilesofthesequantitiescomputedfromthemodelarecloselyconnectedwithtemperatureandwindspeedprofilesaswellasthetypeofthegroundwithasignificantdiurnalvariation,andareinagreementwithknownmagnitudesandregularitiesindifferentstratificationconditions.Hencethemethodinthispaperisreasonableandconvincible.Theirhorizontaldistributiondependsonthehorizontaldistributionofthestratification.Themethodofpredictedcharacteristicquantitiesofturbulencefrommesoscalemodelinthispapercanbeusedintheproblemofatmosphericdiffusionandatmosphericenvironment.

简介：引言目前用于全区人工影响天气的37mm高炮数量众多,它们担负着全区各个盟市近500个乡镇的增雨防雹作业任务,是自治区各级政府防灾减灾工作的重要措施之一。做好高炮的维护保养,是每个防雹站的重点工作,也是保证防雹消雹工作得以安全高效实施的重要因素。近几年,随着各级人影部门推进高炮炮点配套建设力度的加大,全区在＂两库一室＂建设上取得可喜成果,

简介：宁强是全省的暴雨中心之一,平均每年有3—4场暴雨发生,最多的1981年出现14场.暴雨主要集中在6月下旬—9月,尤以7—8月最多,占全年总数约58.4％,大降水次数则更多.我站的解释预报,主要是与地台接口.在地台的分片预报中,我站被列为平川片,但由于我站地处汉中地区最西部的山区,每当西来系统影响时,我县首当其

简介：利用NCEP／NCAR再分析资料驱动中尺度天气模式MM5和WRF，模拟2005年4月6日辽宁强雷暴降水天气过程。结果表明：MM5和WRF模拟雷暴发生的天气系统结构相似，但对于降水量模拟，WRF模式模拟的结果与实况更为接近。分析其天气系统结构表明，降水过程中来自不同地区的冷暖空气交汇和来自不同地区云团的汇合造成了此次强雷暴天气的发生。

简介：NCARMM模式可较好再现O3体积分数（φO3）的变化,本文利用NCARMM模式对2009年天津市夏季大气臭氧进行了模拟分析,并利用模式绘制了O3日最大体积分数变化图。结果表明：在当前污染水平下,NOX体积分数（φNOX）每增加10.0%,φO3将降低约5.0%;φNOX每降低10.0%,φO3将升高4.0%;当φNOX为观测值的60.0%时,φO3达最大值。非甲烷有机化合物NMHC体积分数每减少10.0%,φO3将降低4.0%。NMHC各组分中,烯烃对O3生成的贡献最大,占总贡献的53.3%;其次为芳香烃,占总贡献的35.1%;再次为烷烃,占总贡献的9.2%,卤代烃和含氧烃对O3的贡献率仅为2.0%。天津市夏季城区O3处于NMHC控制区,φO3对NMHC更敏感,控制含丙烯和丁烯等烯烃的排放可有效控制天津地区夏季O3的体积分数。

简介：

简介：文章选取内蒙古阿拉善右旗作为分析对象,利用中尺度数值模式MM5来模拟2007年1月1日—12月31日的风速（每小时）,然后利用统计学方法模拟该地区每天24h的风速,求出日平均风速,再与其附近地区台站实测数据进行比较,从而评估得出该模式的模拟效果：2007年全年的模拟和实测平均风速总体相对误差为34.02%,其中以3—9月份模拟效果最佳,相对误差率最大不超过15%,绝对误差都在0.5m·s~（-1）内。

简介：UsingaregionalclimatemodelMM5nestedtoanatmosphericglobalclimatemodelCCM3,aseriesofsimulationsandsensitivityexperimentshavebeenperformedtoinvestigatetherelativeLastGlacialMaximum(LGM)climateresponsetodifferentmechanismsoverChina.Modelsimulationsofthepresentday(PD)climateandtheLGMclimatechangeareingoodagreementwiththeobservationdataandgeologicalrecords,especiallyinthesimulationofprecipitationchange.UnderthePDandLGMclimate,changesofearthorbitalparametershaveasmallinfluenceontheannualmeantemperatureoverChina.However,themagnitudeoftheeffectshowsaseasonalpattern,withasignificantresponseinwinter.Thus,thisinfluencecannotbeneglected.DuringtheLGM,CO_2concentrationreacheditslowestpointto200ppmv.ThisresultsinatemperaturedecreaseoverChina.TheinfluencesofCO_2concentrationonclimateshowseasonalandregionalpatternsaswell,withasignificantinfluenceinwinter.Onthecontrary,CO_2concentrationhaslessimpactinsummerseason.Insomecases,temperatureevenincreaseswithdecreasinginCO_2concentration.Thistemperatureincreaseistheoutcomeofdecreaseincloudamount;henceincreasethesolarradiationthatreachedtheearth'ssurface.Thisresultsuggeststhatcloudamountplaysaveryimportantroleinclimatechangeandcoulddirecttheresponsepatternsofsomeclimatevariablessuchastemperatureduringcertainperiodsandovercertainregions.IntheTibetanPlateau,thetemperatureresponsestochangesoftheabovetwofactorsaregenerallyweakerthanthoseinotherregionsbecausethecloudamountinthisareaisgenerallymorethanintheotherareas.Relativetothecurrentclimate,changesinorbitalparametershavelessimpactontheLGMclimatethanchangesinCO_2concentration.However,bothfactorshaveratherlesscontributionstotheclimatechangeintheLGM.About3%-10%changesintheannualmeantemperaturearecontributedbyCO_2.

简介：利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和中尺度天气模式MM5对2010年1月14—19日沈阳大气污染天气系统进行模拟分析。对此次天气过程的地面和高空气压场、地面至高空各高度层随时间变化的水平风场及垂直剖面风场、垂直方向温度廓线等气象要素进行分析和模拟,描述大气污染中天气系统的变化过程,分析造成大气污染的气象要素变化。结果表明：此次污染天气过程对应地面场为长白山高压、地形槽环流型;500hPa高空天气形势为两槽一脊,地面风场主要受高压辐散气流控制;地面至高空不同高度的水平风场均有偏南风切变和偏西风切变,垂直剖面风场对应有下沉气流,地面至高空的温度廓线出现明显的逆温。这些气象条件共同造成了持续污染天气。而500hPa位势高度场持续长时间两槽一脊的环流形势,是造成长时间污染天气的主要原因。

简介：UsingaregionalclimatemodelMM5nestedtoanatmosphericglobalclimatemodelCCM3,aseriesofsimulationsandsensitivityexperimentshavebeenperformedtoinvestigatetherelativeLGMclimateresponsetochangesofland-seadistribution,vegetation,andlarge-scalecirculationbackgroundoverChina.Modelresultsshowthatcomparedwiththepresentclimate,thefluctuationsofsea-landdistributionineasternAsiaduringtheLGMresultinthetemperaturedecreaseinwinterandincreaseinsummer.IthassignificantimpactonthetemperatureandprecipitationintheeastcoastalregionofChina.TheimpactonprecipitationintheeastcoastalregionofChinaisthemostsignificantone,with25%-50%decreaseinthetotalprecipitationchangeduringtheLGM.Ontheotherhand,thechangesinsea-landdistributionhavelessinfluenceontheclimateofinlandandwesternpartofChina.DuringtheLGM,significantchangesinvegetationresultintemperaturealternatingwithwinterincreaseandsummerdecrease,butdifferencesintheannualmeantemperatureareminor.DuringtheLGM,theglobalclimate,i.e.,thelarge-scalecirculationbackgroundhaschangedsignificantly.ThesechangeshavesignificantinfluencesontemperatureandprecipitationoverChina.Theyresultinconsiderabletemperaturedecreasesinthisarea,anddirecttheprimarypatternsandcharacteristicsoftemperaturechanges.Resultsdisplaythat,northeasternChinahasthegreatesttemperaturedecrease,andthetemperaturedecreaseintheTibetanPlateauislargerthanintheeasternpartofChinalocatedatthesamelatitude.Moreover,thechangeoflarge-scalecirculationbackgroundalsocontrolsthepatternofprecipitationchange.Resultsalsoshowthat,mostofthechangesinprecipitationoverwesternandnortheasternpartsofChinaaretheconsequencesofchanginglarge-scalecirculationbackground,ofwhich50%-75%ofprecipitationchangesovernorthernandeasternChinaaretheresultsofchangesinlarge-scalecirculationbackground.OverChina,theLGM