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简介：自从Holocene，在Xiliao河山谷的农业开垦从草地导致了一个巨大的风景变化到农田。在这份报纸，我们由自从Qing王朝，在史前，Liao-Jin王朝和时期分析三主要农业开垦在Xiliao河山谷重新考虑人陆地关系。我们主张当人口统计的压力出现在这个区域时，特别在最后开垦期间，intraregional迁居(第二迁居)是主要反应减轻如此的压力，它也区分二个不同解决地点：起始的区域和第二等的区域。由于这二个区域之间的环境差别，一个人引起了更多的严肃的骚乱到本地环境的后者上的耕作。因此，第二等的区域成为了严重需要环境管理的关键区域。

简介：Thedemandforgraphiteresourceshasbeenincreasingduetoitsextensiveuse.GraphitedepositsinChinaaremainlydistributedinHeilongjiang,InnnerMogolia,Sichuan,ShanxiandShandong,characterizedby"oneold&onenew"and"manyineast&fewinwest".Therearemainlythreegenetictypes,includingregionalmetamorphictype,contactmetamorphictypeandhydrothermaltype.Hereweprovideasummaryofthemetallogenicregularityand15metallogenicbeltsinChinabasedonthestudyofthegeologyofnationalgraphitedeposits.Inrecentyears,greatprogresshasbeenmadeintheresearchofgenesis,mineralexplorationandevaluationongraphitedeposits,whichindicategreatpotentialforgraphiteresourceinChina.Theauthorssuggestthattheresearchongeochronology,oresources,thegenesisofcrystallinegraphiteandexplorationforhydrothermalgraphiteinChinashouldbeheightened.

简介：在西南中国的云南的低纬度高地的降水政体服从于在东方亚洲夏天季风和印度夏天之间的相互作用表面山志学的季风，和影响。在它的空间、时间的模式的变化的理解着急地为气候变化设计，水文学影响建模，和地区性、下游的水资源管理被需要。用在最后几十年(1950s2007)的低纬度高地的每日的降水记录，降水的一个时间系列索引，包括年度降水，多雨的天的数字，吝啬的年度降水紧张，雨季的发作的日期，降水的度和时期季节的集中，最高1天、3天、7天的降水，和降水在不同紧张上面为降水多雨的天总计并且数(例如10公里，25公里一没有趋势的预先增白的Mann-Kendall趋势测试然后被用来检测时间系列数据的趋势。结果证明在年度降水和越过低纬度高地的降水趋势的强壮的季节的区别没有重要趋势。弹簧和冬季正在变得更湿，夏天正在变得更干燥。秋天在东方正在变得更干燥并且在西方更湿。作为后果，降水的seasonality稍微正在变弱。雨季和最高的降水的时期的开始趋于更早。同时，低纬度高地也见证不太多雨的天，更强烈的降水，稍微更长中等、重的降水事件，和更经常的极端降水事件。另外，降水趋势的地区性的区别是显著的。这些变化可以与东方亚洲夏天季风变弱并且南方亚洲人夏天季风，以及特殊多山的地面的走廊障碍效果加强被联系。然而，包含的物理机制仍然需要以后被揭开。

简介：ThegeomagneticdatarecordedbyKashiandJinghaiobservatoriesinChinawereanalyzedwithimprovedpolarizationmethod.Wecomparedtheresultaround0.01HzwhichisthoughttobeusefultodetecttheULFanomalywiththeresultaround0.1Hzwhichwasinferredfromtheearthquakedepthaccordingtotheskineffect,andfoundthat0.1HzismorepropertodetecttheULFanomalyforbothearthquakesstudiedinthispaper.

简介：在科学家从2003～2006在四年的时期期间在中国完成的海洋气象学研究的进步在四个范畴下面被总结：海洋的灾难学习，在海洋上的台风，监视技术的海洋空气，和预报技术的海洋空气。比作以前的四年，许多更多的第一手的数据集被获得了，更科学的问题被处理了。特别地，许多贡献被年轻科学家做了。在为来年的中国的海洋气象学的研究策略上的简短陈述在结束被给。

简介：LyingonthewestedgeofDongtingLake,theTaiyangshanareainHunanProvinceispartofahillyregionwhichhasupliftedsincetheLateCenozoic.AccordingtofieldinvestigationofthesixexistingfaultsintheTaiyangshanarea,wefoundthatfourofthemarenotactiveintheQuaternary,andthattheGangshi-HefufaultislikelytohavebeenactiveintheearlyMid-Pleistocene.ThegeologicalevidencederivedsuggeststhattheXiaowupufaultwasactivefromthelateMid-Pleistocenetotheearlylate-Pleistocene.ItcutthestratumwithaTLageof123±10kaBPandhasthepropertyofthrusting.TheresearchresultsareofgreatsignificanceforunderstandingtheseismogenicstructureoftheChangdeearthquakewithM63/4in1631.

简介：在中国和ENSO事件和NinoZ的热带气旋(TC)在1951～2005期间索引的landfalling的数据被用来从7月在China.ENSO事件学习在ENSO和landfallingTC之间的关系到9月在中国在landfallingTC上有明显的效果。当ElNi(n)o全部坚持这些月时，landfallingTC的频率是不到正常，landfallingTC的季节更短，乍见陆地首先每年是以后的，乍见陆地上次每年更早，并且吝啬的紧张更强壮，更多的landfallingTC完成台风的紧张。否则为LaNi(n)是真的一。那是说，从7月演变到9月的ENSO事件在中国为landfallingTC显示出强壮的预言信号。当当NinoZ索引通过9月在7月保持中立时，ENSO在一年里结束或开始时，landfallingTC也有ENSO的一些影响。ElNi(n)o事件比LaNifia事件在landfallingTC上有更重要的效果。

简介：PhasecompositeanalysesareconductedtoinvestigatethepossibleeffectoftheMadden–Julianoscillation(MJO)onthespringrainfallanomaliesinEastChinabyusingtheReal-timeMultivariateMJO(RMM)indexfromAustralianMeteorologicalBureau.Theresultsshowthattherainfallanomaliesoverthemid-andlower-valleyofYangtzeRiverarepositivewhentheMJOshiftseastwardtothemid-andeastern-IndianOcean,andanomalousprecipitationoverSouthChinaarepositivewhentheMJOmovesfurthereastwardtothemaritimecontinent,whereasspringrainfallanomaliesoverEastChinaarenegativeintheotherMJOepisodes.TheMJOimpactsontheprecipitationoverEastChinaresultfromthechangesinlarge-scaleatmosphericcirculationaswellasvorticityandwatervaportransportationinthemid-andlower-troposphere.

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简介：ThispaperprovidesanoverviewofthedevelopmentsinanalyticalandtestingmethodsandexperimentalsimulationsongashydrateinChina.Inthelaboratory,theanalysesandexperimentsofgashydratecanprovideusefulparametersforhydrateexplorationandexploitation.Inrecentyears,modemanalyticalinstrumentsandtechniques,includingLaserRamanspectroscopy(Raman),X-raydiffraction(XRD),X-raycomputedtomography(X-CT),scanningelectronmicroscope(SEM),nuclearmagneticresonance(NMR)andhighpressuredifferentialscanningcalorimetry(DSC),wereappliedinthestudyofstructure,formationmechanisms,phaseequilibrium,thermalphysicalpropertiesandsoforthofgashydrates.Thedetectiontechnologyandtime-domainreflectometry(TDR)techniqueareintegratedtotheexperimentaldevicestostudythephysicalparametersofgashydrates,suchastheacoustics,resistivity,thermal,andmechanicalproperties.Itisbelievedthatthevariousanalyticaltechniquestogetherwiththeexperimentalsimulationsfromlarge-scaletomicro-scaleongashydratewillplayasignificantroleandprovideapowerfulsupportforfuturegashydrateresearches.

简介：Interannualvariabilityoflandfallingtropicalcyclones(TCs)inChinaduring1960-2010isinvestigated.Byusingthemethodofpartialleastsquaresregression(PLS-regression),canonicalENSOandENSOModokiareidentifiedtobethefactorsthatcontributetotheinterannualvariabilityoflandfallingTCs.ElNioModokiyearsareassociatedwithagreater-than-averagefrequencyoflandfallingTCsinChina,butreversedincanonicalElNioyears.SignificantdifferenceingenesislocationsoflandfallingTCsinChinaforthetwokindsofElNiophasesoccursdominantlyinthenortherntropicalwesternNorthPacific(WNP).Thepatternsoflow-levelcirculationanomaliesandoutgoinglongwaveradiation(OLR)anomaliesassociatedwithlandfallingTCgenesiswithdifferenttypesofElNiophasesareexamined.DuringcanonicalElNioyears,abroadzonalbandofpositiveOLRanomaliesdominatesthetropicalWNP,whilethecirculationanomaliesexhibitameridionallysymmetricaldipolepatternwithananticyclonicanomalyinthesubtropicsandacyclonicanomalynearthetropics.InElNioModokiyears,avastregionofnegativeOLRanomalies,roughlytothesouthof25°Nwithastronglarge-scalecyclonicanomalyoverthetropicalWNP,providesamorefavorableconditionforlandfallingTCgenesiscomparedtoitscounterpartduringcanonicalElNioyears.FormorelandfallingTCsformedinthenortherntropicalWNPinElNioModokiyears,therearemoreTCsmakinglandfallonthenortherncoastofChinainElNioModokiyearsthanincanonicalElNioyears.ThenumberoflandfallingTCsisslightlyabovenormalincanonicalLaNiayears.EnhancedconvectionisfoundintheSouthChinaSea(SCS)andthewestofthetropicalWNP,whichresultsinlandfallingTCsformingmorewestwardincanonicalLaNiayears.DuringLaNiaModokiyears,thelandfallingTCfrequencyarebelownormal,owingtoanunfavorableconditionforTCgenesispersistinginabroadzonalbandfrom5°Nto25°N.SincethewesternNorthPacificsubtropicalhi

简介：ThecoastalareaofsouthernChinaisfrequentlyaffectedbymarinemeteorologicaldisasters,andisalsooneofthekeyareasthatinfluencetheshort-termclimatechangeofChina.Duetoalackofobservationalfacilitiesandtechniques,littlehasbeendoneinthisareaintermsofoperationalweathermonitoringandscientificresearchonatmosphericandmarineenvironment.WiththesupportofChinaMeteorologicalAdministration(CMA)andGuangdongMeteorologicalBureau(GMB),theMarineMeteorologicalScienceExperimentBase(MMSEB)atBohe,MaominghasbeenjointlyestablishedbyGuangzhouInstituteofTropicalandMarineMeteorology(GITMM)andMaomingMeteorologicalBureau(MMB)ofGuangdongProvinceafterthreeyearsofhardwork.Ithasbecomeanintegratedcoastalobservationbasethatisequippedwithacompletesetofsophisticatedinstruments.Equipmentmaintenanceanddataqualitycontrolprocedureshavebeenimplementedtoensurethelong-term,steadyoperationoftheinstrumentsandtheavailabilityofhighqualitydata.PreliminaryobservationsshowthatthedataobtainedbytheMMSEBrevealmanyinterestingfeaturesintheboundarylayerstructureandair-seainteractioninsuchdisastrousweatherastyphoonsandseafog.TheMMSEBisexpectedtoplayanimportantroleinthescientificresearchofdisastrousweatherrelatedtomarinemeteorology.

简介：ShanxiGrabenisinthemiddlepartoftheNorthChinaCraton,fromsouthtonorth.WiththeteleseismicdatarecordedbyRegionalSeismographNetworksandthetemporaryZBnet-WSeismicArrayaroundeastpartofShanxiGraben,wemeasuredthecrustalthicknessandvP/vSratiobeneatheachstationusingtheH-jstackofreceiverfunctions.Theobservedcrustalthicknessshowsobviouslateralvariation,increasinggraduallyfromeasttowestintheShanxiGraben.BeneaththeShanxiGrabenthecrustisrelativelythickerthanbothsidesofthesouthandthenorth.Inaddition,thevP/vSratiointhenorthofstudyzoneishigherthanthatinthesouth.ThehighestvP/vSratioexistsinthecrustoftheXindingbasinandtheDatongbasin.Ourstudyalsosuggeststhathighvelocityratiomightresultfromthestrongactivitiesofthemagmationandvolcanism.

简介：Asaresultofrapideconomicgrowthandurbanizationinthepasttwodecades,manytallbuildingshavebeenconstructedinChinaMainland,offeringresearchersandpractitionersanexcellentopportunityforresearchandpracticeinthefieldofstructuralengineering.ThispaperreviewsprogressbyresearchersthroughoutChinaMainlandontheseismicresearchoftallbuildings,focusingonthreemajortopicsthatimpacttheseismicperformanceoftallbuildings.Theseare:(1)newtypesofsteel-concretecompositestructuralmemberssuchassteel-concretecompositeshearwallsandcolumns,(2)earthquakeresilientshearwallstructuressuchasshearwallswithreplaceablestructuralcomponents,self-centeringshearwallsandrockingwalls,and(3)performance-basedseismicdesign,includingseismicperformanceindex,performancelevelanddesignmethod.Thepaperconcludesbypresentingfutureresearchneedsanddirectionsinthisfield.

简介：地区性的碳排放上的学习是在全球气候变化和低碳的经济开发的背景下面的热话题之一，并且也帮助为不同区域建立不同低碳的策略。根据精力消费和在从1999～2008的中国的不同区域的陆地使用数据，这份报纸基于全部的精力消费建立了碳排放和碳脚印模型，并且从1999～2008在中国的不同区域计算了碳排出物和碳脚印的数量。作者也分析了碳排放密度并且每为每个区域统一区域碳脚印。最后，为减少的碳脚印的忠告被提出。主要结论如下：(1)从全部的精力消费的碳排出物在中国从1999～2008增加了129%，但是它在不同区域之中的空间分发模式稍微就改变了排序排放数量是的碳：东方中国>北中国>中央、南部的中国>西南中国>西北中国。(2)排序碳排放密度是：东方中国>东北中国>中央、南部的中国>北中国>西南中国>从1999～2003，但是从2004中央、南部的中国的西北中国开始比东北中国有更高的碳排放密度，另外的区域的顺序没变化。(3)自从从1999～2008的在中国的不同区域的碳排出物和生产土地的更少的增加的区域的快速的增加，碳脚印显著地增加了。北中国有最大的碳脚印，和西北中国，东方中国，北中国，中央、南部的中国接着列在后面，当西南中国介绍了碳脚印和碳吸收的最高的百分比的最低区域时。(4)主要由地区性的陆地区域影响了，介绍的北中国每统一区域碳脚印最高、由东方中国，和东北中国跟随；中央、南部的中国，和西北中国每统一区域碳脚印有类似的媒介；总是有的西南中国每联合起来最低区域碳脚印。(5)中国面对了碳排放带的大生态的压力。一些措施应该从减少碳排放和增加的碳吸收被花两个。

简介：尽管他们的保存的紧急被认出了，自从2002，全球性重要的农业遗产系统(GIAHS)由食物和农业组织(粮农组织)指明了，自从2012面临至于为什么保存他们的问题，中国全国地重要的农业遗产系统(China-NIAHS)由中国的农业(恐鸟)的部证明了，吗什么将被保存，谁，并且怎么应该保存他们？这篇论文试图澄清并且对这作出回应问题基于理论、实际的进步的评论在中国集中于农业遗产系统的保存。农业遗产系统为持续、公平的开发并且因此展出大量的值应该为现在和未来代被保存。不同于很常规的遗产，农业遗产系统的保存是物理、生物的部件和联系社会文化的过程应该以一个动态方法在被保存的一个复杂、系统的工程。农民和遗产地点必须在被支撑的生态的功能的前提下面得益于传统的农业生产的延续，传统的文化正在被继承。为更有效的保存，一个多股东过程应该被建立在不同层次，多学科的科学家，社区和农民包含政府，并且企业企业以及社会组织。作为被表明了，农业遗产系统的保存试图支持地区性的持续开发，以改进生计，食物安全和农场人的健康，并且在中国为现代农业的开发提供引用。

简介：Germaniumisanincompatibleclenlentusedtoidcntifymetallo8cncticcharacteristicsofpolygcncticdcpositsinadiwaregion.Asalargeionlithopbile(LIL)clcmcntlitcanindicatethemainorcsourcebedftomthemantleduringthegcotcctonicmetallogencticprocess’FromthesurvcyingofAu,Ag,Pb,ZndepositsinChjna,diwa-typegcrmaniumdcpos

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简介：ThemacrobenthiccommunityoftheXiaoqingRiverEstuaryandtheadjacentseawaterswasinvestigatedinMayandNovember2008,August2009,andMayandSeptember2010,respectively.Atotalof95speciesofmacrobenthoswereidentifiedinthefivecruisesandmostofthemwerepolychaetes(46.39%),mollusks(28.86%)andcrustaceans(20.62%).TheShannon-Wienerindexofmacrobenthoswaslowerthan2in67%sites.Alongthestreamchannel,estuaryandthecoastalwaters,thespeciesofpolychaetesreducedgradually,whiletheabundanceincreasedatfirstandthendecreased.Theabundancewasthebiggestatregionswithsalinityof520intheestuary.Thespeciesandabundanceofmollusksandcrustaceansincreasedgradually.Asforseasonaldistribution,thespecies,abundanceandbiomasswerehigherinspringandlowerinsummerandautumn.ContemporaneouslycomparedwithLaizhouBayandYellowRiverEstuary,thespeciesofmacrobenthosappearedintheXiaoqingRiverEstuaryweremuchless,whilethepercentageofpolychaeteswashigher.AbundanceandbiomasswerehigherinXiaoqingRiverestuary,thenconsequentlyfollowedbyLaizhouBayandYellowRiverEstuary.ThedominantspeciesinXiaoqingRiverEstuarywaspolychaete,andLayzhouBaymollusk.ThecommunitystructurecharacteristicsofmacrobenthosintheXiaoqingRiverEstuaryrevealedasignificantpollutionstatusinthisregion.