简介:Currently,thedesignpracticeofhighwaybridgesaroundtheworldaremovingtowardslimitstatesdesign,areliability-baseddesignprocedure.CanadianHighwayBridgeDesignCode(CHBDC)isthefirstdesigncodeentirelydevelopedbasedonlimitstatesdesignphilosophy,includingfoundationsandFRPcomponents.However,reliabilityofastructuredecreasesinserviceduetoenvironmentalattacksandmaterialdeteriorationsuchasfatigue,corrosionandmanyotherreasons.Therefore,thestructureshouldbeinspectedperiodically,andthereliabilityofthestructureshouldbeevaluatedaccordingtoitsageandfielddata.Ifitsreliabilityisreducedtoacertainlevel,arepairshouldbescheduledaswellassomepreventivemaintenancemeasuresshouldbeimplementedtopreventfurtherdeterioration.Recently,manyresearchworkshavebeenconductedtoinvestigatereliability-deteriorationmechanismsforeachtypeofinfrastructureanditscomponents,optimizetheinspectionandmaintenancestrategy,predictremainingservicelife,estimateitslifecyclecost.Thispaperisfocusedonthestudyofreliability-deteriorationmechanismsofslabonsteelgirderbridgesduetofatigueandcorrosionofsteelgirdersaswellascorrosionofreinforcementinthedeckslab.Exampleswillalsobegiventoillustratetheproposedlifecyclemanagementstrategyforcompositeslabonsteelgirderbridges.
简介:摘要重症监护室(ICU)是医院危、急、重患者抢救治疗的重要场所,ICU护士长期处于紧张忙碌中,如何面对日益攀升的职业压力,进行有效地疏导,是我们应当注意和思考的问题。