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简介：DiabetesMellitus(DM)isametabolicdisorderresultingfrommanyfactorsandcharacterizedbychronicelevatedbloodsugar.DM'scausesarenownotabsolutelyknown,butitisknownasasyndromeassociatedwithheredity,self-immuneandenvironmentalfactors.IntraditionalChinesemedicine,DMbelongstothecategoryof"XiaoKe"andistypedinto"ShangXiao',"ZhongXiao"and"XiaXiao"inthelightofthediseasedlocation.

简介：AbstractGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a growing public health problem worldwide that threatens both maternal and fetal health. Identifying individuals at high risk for GDM and diabetes after GDM is particularly useful for early intervention and prevention of disease progression. In the last decades, a number of studies have used metabolomics, genomics, and proteomic approaches to investigate associations between biomolecules and GDM progression. These studies clearly demonstrate that various biomarkers reflect pathological changes in GDM. The established markers have potential use as screening and diagnostic tools in GDM and in postpartum diabetes research. In the present review, we summarize recent studies of metabolites, single-nucleotide polymorphisms, microRNAs, and proteins associated with GDM and its transition to postpartum diabetes, with a focus on their predictive value in screening and diagnosis.

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简介：Medicaltherapyfortype2diabetesmellitusisineffectiveinthelongtermduetotheprogressivenatureofthedisease,whichrequiresincreasingmedicationdosesandpolypharmacy.Conversely,bariatricsurgeryhasemergedasacost-effectivestrategyforobesediabeticindividuals;ithaslowcomplicationratesandresultsindurableweightloss,glycemiccontrolandimprovementsinthequalityoflife,obesity-relatedco-morbidityandoverallsurvival.Thefindingthatglucosehomeostasiscanbeachievedwithaweightloss-independentmechanismimmediatelyafterbariatricsurgery,especiallygastricbypass,hasledtotheparadigmofmetabolicsurgery.However,theprimaryfocusofmetabolicsurgeryisthealterationofthephysio-anatomyofthegastrointestinaltracttoachieveglycemiccontrol,metaboliccontrolandcardio-metabolicriskreduction.Todate,metabolicsurgeryisstillnotwelldefined,asitisusedmostfrequentlyforlessobesepatientswithpoorlycontrolleddiabetes.Themechanismofglycemiccontrolisstillincompletelyunderstood.Publishedresearchfindingsonmetabolicsurgeryarepromising,butmanyaspectsstillneedtobedefined.Thispaperexaminestheproposedmechanismofdiabetesremission,theefficacyofdifferenttypesofmetabolicprocedures,thedurabilityofglucosecontrol,andtherisksandcomplicationsassociatedwiththisprocedure.Weproposeatailoredapproachfortheselectionoftheidealmetabolicprocedurefordifferentgroupsofpatients,consideringtheindicationsandprognosticfactorsfordiabetesremission.

简介：AbstractThe effects of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on offspring include macrosomia, hypoglycemia, respiratory distress syndrome, cardiovascular disease, neural and mental injury, etc. The effects of GDM on the health status of offspring are sustained although pregnancy has ended. It has been proposed that fetal reprogramming causes long-term consequences to metabolic health in offspring. An intrauterine high-glucose environment may lead to changes in the multi-differentiation proficiency of intracorporal stem cells, showing decreased proliferation and osteogenic ability, increased adipogenic ability, accelerated apoptosis, and occurrence of premature failure. This environment also reduces the mobilization of bone marrow stem cells, whereas it increases that of medullary cells. This results in pro-inflammatory conditions and sustained inflammation in the body, thereby increasing the risk of obesity, cardiovascular and neurological disorders, and metabolic abnormalities. Stem cells derived from the amniotic membrane, umbilical cord, or placenta may be a reliable predictor of the long-term effects of GDM on offspring. The levels of blood glucose during pregnancy should be effectively controlled to reduce harm to the neonate.

简介：ObjectivesToobservetheeffectsoftelmisartanandrosiglitazoneandexplorethemechanismonearlyatherogenesisinmaleratswithtype2diabetesmellitus.MethodsFortymaleSDratswererandomlyandequallydividedintofourgroups:controlgroup,type2diabetesmellitusgroup,telmisartangroupandrosiglitazonegroup.HighlipidandhighglucosewereusedforinducingDMinSDrats.Theratswereraisedforsixteenweeks.TC,TG,LDL-CandBG,PGIweremeasured.Theaortaewerecollectedforhistopathlogicalandimmunohistochemicalstudies.Immunohisto-chemistrywasusedtoanalyzetheexpressionofPPAR-γ,VCAM-1andICAM-1inthearterialvesselwall.ResultsComparedwiththecontrolgroup,thelevelofTC,TG,LDL-C,andBGinbloodwereincreasedsignificantly(P<0.01)intype2Diabeticgroup.ThetelmisartanandrosiglitazonetreatmentdecreasedbloodTC,TG,LDL-CandBG.TheexpressionofPPAR-γintype2diabeticgroup,telmisartanandrosiglitazonegroupshadsignificantdifferencescomparedwiththecontrolgroup,buttherewasn'tanysignificantdifferences(P>0.05)amongthosethreegroups.ExpressionofVCAM-1,ICAM-1andthemonocytesinfilitratingintotheintimaoftheaortastelmisartanandrosiglitazoregroupwassignificantlylowerthanthoseindiabeticgroup(P<0.01).Theendothelialdamageoftheaortaeintehnisartanandrosiglitazonegroupwaslessseverethanthatindiabetesmellitusgroup.ConclusionTelmisartanandrosiglitazonecanpreventearlyatherogenesisthroughalleviatingthedamagetothearterialwallbyincreasingtheactivationofPPAR-γandinhibitingtheVCAM-1,ICAM-1expressionandthemonocytesinfilitratingintothearterialwall.

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简介：AbstractDiabetes mellitus and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma are two common diseases worldwidely which are both derived from different components of pancreas. The pancreatic and duodenal homeobox-1 (PDX1) is an essential transcription factor for the early development of pancreas that is required for the differentiation of all pancreatic cell lineages. Current evidence suggests an important role of PDX1 in both the origin and progression of pancreatic diseases. In this review, we discussed recent studies of PDX1 in diabetes mellitus and pancreatic cancer, and the therapeutic strategies derived from this transcription factor.

简介：在现在的学习，胰腺的小岛房间的ultramicrostructure的fasting血葡萄糖(FBG)集中和浆液胰岛素集中和chenges被用作这些索引在试验性的糖尿病mellitus(DM)的处理评估aurioular针灸的治疗学的效果并且在兔子.Thirty分析ist机制--二只兔子随机被划分成控制，模型，针灸和药有在每个group.DM模型的8个盒子的组被建立由静脉内两个组的处理每天被给一次，20个会议完全。在处理(20个会议)的2堂功课以后，与预告的处理和模型组比较，FBG在针灸和药groupsd满足的结果显示显著地减少了(P0.01)，当胰岛素显著地针灸和药组increaesd满足时(P0.05)。在FBG和胰岛素内容的针灸和药组之间的没有重要差别。因此，显微镜的dbservation显示出的电子在Iysosomebeing的部分organells的一些改进少数，核仁的胀大的减小，在两个acupucture组的等等和药组。它显示出胰的小岛房间的结构的那恢复，合成的增加和胰岛素以及胰岛素mayy的活动的版本在DM兔子在lowring血葡萄糖水平贡献耳的针灸的效果。

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简介：AbstractObjective:To detect the expression of caspase-3, baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis repeat containing 5 (BIRC-5), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), and the concentration of resistin protein in placental of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and normal pregnant women, and to explore its correlation with the pathogenesis of GDM and its significance.Methods:This study includes 30 pregnant women who chose cesarean section at Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College during May 2013 to February 2014: 15 GDM patients and 15 normal glucose tolerance patients, 26-36 years old. The expression of caspase-3, VEGF, HIF, and BIRC-5 in placenta of 15 patients with GDM (GDM group) and 15 normal late pregnancy (control group) was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The concentration of resistin protein in the placenta was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results:Compared with the control group, the expression of caspase-3, HIF, VEGF, resistin in placenta of GDM group increased significantly (P < 0.05); the expression of BIRC-5 in placenta of GDM group decreased significantly (P < 0.05).Conclusion:The expression of caspase-3, BIRC-5, VEGF, HIF, and resistin in placenta of GDM patients and normal pregnant women are significantly different, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of GDM disease.

简介：AIM:Toinvestigatetheprevalenceandriskfactorsofdiabeticretinopathy(DR)innorthernChinesepatientswithtype2diabetesmellitus(T2DM).METHODS:Thisretrospectivecross-sectionalstudywasperformedbetweenMay2011andApril2012.Atotalof1100patients(male/female,483/617)wereincludedinthisstudy.DRwasdefinedfollowingtheEarlyTreatmentDiabeticRetinopathyStudy(ETDRS)severityscale.Allincludedpatientsacceptedacomprehensiveophthalmicexaminationincludingretinalphotographs.Logisticregressionmodelswereusedtoestimateoddsratios(ORs)and95%confidenceinterval(CI)afteradjustingforageandgender.RESULTS:Retinopathywaspresentin307patientswithaprevalenceof27.9%.Inunivariatelogisticanalysis,presenceofDRwasassociatedwithlongerdurationofdiabetes(OR,5.70;95%CI,2.91-12.56),higherconcentrationoffastingbloodglucose(OR,12.94;95%CI,2.40-67.71),higherlevelofglycosylatedhemoglobinHbA1c(OR,5.50;95%CI,3.78-11.97)andinsulintreatment(OR,6.99;95%CI,1.39-35.12).ThelifestyleofpatientswithT2DMincludingsmoking,alcoholconsumptionandregularexerciseseemednotassociatedwiththedevelopmentofDR.CONCLUSION:Ourstudysuggeststhatfastingserumglucoseconcentration,HbA1clevel,durationofdiabetesandinsulintreatmentarepotentialriskfactorsforDRinnorthernChinesepatientswithT2DM,whilethelifestyleofincludedpatientsseemsnotassociatedwithDR.

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简介：AbstractType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a worldwide epidemic disease, has caused tremendous economic and social burden, but the pathogenesis remains uncertain. Nowadays, the impact of unrhythmic circadian clock caused by irregular sleep and unhealthy diet on T2DM has be increasingly studied. However, the contribution of the endogenous circadian clock system to the development of T2DM has not yet been satisfactorily explored. It is now becoming clear that the gut microbiota and the circadian clock interact with each other to regulate the host metabolism. Considering all these above, we reviewed the literature related to the gut microbiota, circadian clock, and T2DM to elucidate the idea that the gut microbiota is closely tied to the regulation of the circadian clock in the development of T2DM, which provides potential for gut microbiota-directed therapies to ameliorate the effects of circadian disruptions linked to the occurrence and development of T2DM.

简介：AIMTo与类型2糖尿病mellitus(T2DM)在中国病人的一个队调查在C反应的蛋白质(CRP)和糖尿病的retinopathy(医生)之间的关系基于.METHODSCommunity的观察的队学习。有1131个参加者，在城市的北京在Desheng社区从2009年11月招募到2011年9月。病人们诊断了T2DM被招募并且经历由一张问询表，眼睛、人体测量的检查和实验室调查组成的标准化评估。医生的存在和严厉由七个领域被估计30°；渲染宫底相片。题目然后没有医生，任何医生，或威胁视觉的克尔普博士被分类进组与T2DM从1007个病人全部的学习subjects.RESULTSA的浆液被分析为分析被包括，包括408(40.5%)男人并且599(59.5%)女人。中部的CRP水平为男人是为女人和1.1mg/L的1.5mg/L(P=0.004，或0.37，95%CI0.18-0.74)。在为可能的covariates调整以后，CRP的高水平与任何医生的更低的流行被联系(P=0.02，或0.55，95%CI0.35-0.89)，然而并非与威胁视觉的医生联系了(P=0.62，或0.78，95%CI0.28-2.14)。在由性的层化以后，在CRP和医生之间的反的协会被发现在男人统计上重要(P=0.006，或0.35，95%CI0.16-0.73)，然而并非在女人(P=0.58，或0.88，95%CI0.29-1.16)与T2DM从一张中国人口拉的.CONCLUSIONThe数据建议那增加的CRP层次可以相反地与医生的开发被联系。

简介：ObjectivesTostudyclinicalandcoronaryangiographicfindingsinpatientswithbothcoronaryheartdiseases(CHD)andtype2diabetesmellitus(T2DM).Methods215patientswithCHDconfirmedbycoronaryangiographywereinvolvedinthisstudy.Thepatientsweredividedintotwogroups:74CHDpatientswithT2DM(meanage64.7±8.2years,male/female47/27),and141CHDpatientswithoutT2DM(meanage66.2±9.2years,male/female100/41).Theclinicalfeaturesandthedatafromselectivecoronaryangiographieswerecomparedbetweentype2diabeticandnon-diabeticCHDpatients.ResultsComparedtonon-diabeticCHDpatients,thepatientswithbothCHDandT2DMsufferedmorefromacutemyocardialinfarction,silentischemiaandseverearrhythmias(P＜0.01,P＜0.05),andhadhigherserumtriglyceridesandapo-lipoproteinB,alongwithincreasedserumuricacid(P＜0.01,P＜0.05),increasedleftventricularenddiastolicdiameter(P＜0.01),anddecreasedleftventricularejectionfraction(P＜0.001).Comparedtonon-diabeticCHDpatients,thepatientswithbothCHDandT2DMsufferedmorefromtriplevesseldisease(P＜0.01),severecoronaryarterystenosis,completeocclusionsanddiffuselesions(P＜0.001).ConclusionsSevereclinicalmanifestation,leftventriculardysfunction,diffuseorcomplicatedlesionsofcoronaryarteriesweremorecommoninpatientswithbothCHDandT2DM,itsuggeststhatthetype2diabeticCHDpatientshavepoorprognosis.

简介：目的：观察针药并用治疗2型糖尿病高血压及对血浆神经肽Y（NeuropeptideY，NPY）的影响。方法：将60例2型糖尿病高血压患者按入院川页序，随机分为两组，治疗组30例，采用针刺加口服硝苯地平缓释片治疗，对照组30例，采用单纯口服硝苯地平缓释片治疗。于治疗15d后观察两组患者血压及其血浆NPY含量的变化。结果：两组患者治疗后其血压和血浆NPY含量均显著降低（P〈0．01），且治疗组优于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论：针药并用对2型糖尿病高血压患者具有明显的降低血压效果和降低血浆NPY含量的作用。