简介：AccordingtoAWPAE11-2006standard,copperfixationratesofseveralcopper-basedformulations,suchasammoniacalcopper,aminecopper,andammoniacal-ethanolaminecopper,aswellasalkalinecopperquaternary(ACQ),weretestedandcomparedinthispaper.Andthefixationratesoftebuconazole(TEB)andpropiconazole(PPZ)inseveralformulations,suchascopperazole,emulsifiedtypeandsolventtype,werealsocompared.Thedeterminationofcoppercontentintheleachatewasanalyzedbyatomicabsorptionspectrom...

简介：客观：为了调查与外部fixator在处理期间测量主要axials火车的不同方法并且发现，合适的压缩在一个早阶段由外部fixator装载了。方法：十八只健康大耳朵的兔子随机根据不同测量方法被划分成二个组：组织A和组B。在组A，一个紧张计量器与502胶水在外部胫骨的外皮被加，并且在组B，一个骨头cement-coatedstrain计量器在内部胫骨的外皮上被安装。组A和B被划分成二亚群A1，A2和B1，B2，分别地根据一半并且与身体重量一样的压力。Z塑造左中间柄的胫骨的截骨术被externalfixator执行并且修理。结果：组A的sealer曲线在早阶段期间戏剧性地变化了。当后者紧张价值比前者高时，内部、外部的外皮的Thetrendlines在到达稳定的阶段以后一致地去了。到达最稳定的年龄的组B的时间是短的，但是它的绝对紧张价值是不到组A的。在他们被贴在稳定的阶段以前，当亚群B1和B2的结果是一样的时，亚群A1的拒绝的速度比SubgroupA2的慢慢地是更多。在它衰退了以后，当时，组A有一个上升趋势组Bdidn“t。在他们到达了稳定的阶段，两亚群A1和A2had以后一个衰退趋势当亚群A2比亚群A1快速是更多时，当亚群B2波动时，亚群B1在明确的水平被保留。结论：在外部fixatorcan下面的轴的紧张被骨头水泥测量在vivo的涂紧张的计量器。数据可以建议身体重量负担的那一半对外部fixator合适。

简介：中国是一个具有大面积沙漠和荒漠化土地的国家，荒漠化危害极为严重．在长期的防治荒漠化过程中，总结积累了大量的防治荒漠化技术和固沙造林技术，具体包括：（１）荒漠化地区封沙育林育草；（２）绿州防护林体系建立；（３）荒漠绿洲农田防护林体系建设；（４）流动沙丘固沙造林；（５）公、铁路防沙造林；（６）飞播造林种草固沙技术．

简介：客观：设计一个临床上适用的transoralpharyngealatlantoaxialreduction盘子(TARP)，介绍操作过程，并且评估它的初步的临床的效果。方法：一个新奇TARP系统，包括的蝴蝶钛合金板，self-lockingscrews，atlantoaxial减速器和另外的运作的仪器被开发。这个系统与先天或创伤的起源的无法缩减的atlantoaxial脱臼在五个病人上临床上被使用。在操作期间，减小被板和atlantoaxial减速器的联合行动在transoral关节版本和绳索解压缩以后完成。骨头接枝小粒在双边的atlantoaxial关节之间被植入，TARP被用来随后使地图集和轴不能调动。结果：临床的申请证明TARP能导致立刻的减小并且方法是操作上可行的并且它的帖子运作的效果令人满意。结论：TARP的设计是新奇的。运作的过程简单、易用。而且，立刻的减小能在操作期间被完成，固定是相对稳定的。TARP是为无法缩减的atlantoaxial脱臼的一种理想的选择并且可以为进一步临床的应用程序有优秀前景。

简介：客观：识别简历螺丝钉的放置的thoracicextrapedicular途径的机械可行性。方法：到T_8的从T_1的五新鲜成年cadavericthoracics松被收获。螺丝钉也被虱子的途径orextrapedicular途径插入。结果统计上被观察，由经由脊椎动物的sagittal轴的虱子的螺丝钉途径和额外的虱子的螺丝钉途径的撤退力量被测量并且比较。结果：在胸的虱子的途径，小花梗全体乘务员的撤退强度是220N(288.2-1561.7N)和胸的额外的虱子的螺丝钉的接近的1001.23N±was827.01N±260N当螺丝钉通过横向的过程被插入到vertebrae时，并且954.25N±254N什么时候拧紧，通过小花梗的侧面的外皮被插入到vertebrae。与虱子的组相比，在额外的虱子的组的撤退强度被4.7%inserted通过横向的过程减少(P>0.05)并且通过侧面的外皮(P<0.05)在17.3%插入了。由额外的虱子的途径的吝啬的撤退力量被11.04%作为与虱子的途径相比减少(P<0.05)。结论：当它是难的由虱子的途径插入时，在胸的脊骨插入虱子的螺丝钉机械地是可行简历到useextrapedicular螺丝钉技术。

简介：PLAispresentlyconsideredasthemostattractivecompoundfortemporarytherapeuticapplicationinthebiomedicalfield.Inthispaperwegiveanoverviewofthepresentknowledgeonthedegradationbehavior,processingtechnologyofPLAanditsapplicationinthefixationofbonefracture.

简介：From1990to2000,weusedHanssonpin,AOhollow-pullingscrew,andbendablescrewtotreat150casesoffreshfemoralneckfractureandtheresultwasanalysedtocomparetheefficacyofthethreemethodsofinternalfixation.

简介：客观；为了学习结构的相关解剖特征，在transoral包含了atlanto轴的减小板(TARP)通过为对待无法缩减的atlanto轴的脱臼并且为TARP的临床的申请提供解剖基础的transoral途径的内部固定。方法：十个新鲜craniocervical标本通过手术是微的由通过transoral的层的把的层途径。以后的咽头的墙，脊椎的动脉的功课，地图集和轴的邻近的结构的解剖关系，和为TARP内部固定的密切相关的解剖参数的层化是measured.Results：以后的咽头的墙由二层和二间隙星际组成了：mucosa，prevertebral扁带，制动火箭咽头的空间，和prevertebral空间。从到C_3的孔大酒瓶的前面的边的范围能被这条途径暴露。以后的咽头的墙的厚度是(3.6±0.3)在C1的前面的小块茎的公里(变化2.9-4.3公里)，(6.1±0.4)在C_1的侧面的团的公里(变化5.2-7.1公里)并且(5.5±0.4)在C_2的中央部分的公里(变化4.3-6.5公里)分别地。到前面的小块茎ofC_1，C_1螺丝钉入口点，和C_2螺丝钉入口点的从门牙牙齿的距离是(82。5±7。8)公里(变化71。4-96。2mm)，(90。1±3。8)公里(变化82.2-96。3公里)，并且(89。0±4。1)公里(变化81。3-95.3mm)分别地。在在地图集和中线的脊椎的动脉之间的距离是(25。2±2.3)公里(变化20.4-29。7公里)并且那在在轴和中线的脊椎的动脉之间是(18。4±2.6)公里(变化13.1-23.0公里)。为暴露的地图集和轴的允许的宽度是(39。4±2。2)公里(变化36。242。7公里)并且(39.0±2.1)公里(ranging35.842.3公里)分别地。在二个地图集螺丝钉插入点(C_1侧面的质量的前面的方面的中心)之间的距离(a)是(31.4±3.3)公里(变化25.4-36.6公里)。在连接连接twoC_2螺丝钉入口的二个C_1螺丝钉入口点和那的线之间的垂直距离(b)指(在vertebrae的中央部分，也就是对中线ofC_2vertebr

简介：客观：为了选择腰部的transpedicular的一个合适的方法，在三个方法之中在不同腰部的层次拧紧固定(Roy-Camille“s方法，Magerl”s方法和杜“smethod)在中国人口。方法：三维(3-D)图象与被电子横梁CT扫描的42个成年腰部的片断的图象数据被重建。腰部的小花梗螺丝钉固定的三个方法在3-D上被模仿重建的图象和植入小花梗螺丝钉的参数被测量。结果：在从入口点的距离有统计上重要的差别到在三个方法之间的小花梗轴(P<0.001)。Thedistances由“s方法从L1是最短的到L4，并且距离测量了byMagerl”的杜测量了s方法在L5是最短的(P<0.05)。从L1没有重要差别到L2(P>0.05)，但是对在插入TSA(横向的节角度)的安全范围的L5的从L3的重要差别在三个方法之间被发现(P<0.05)。从L3到L4，TSA的插入的安全范围由杜测量了“s”和Magerls方法比那测量byRoy-Camille显著地大“s方法(P<0.05)，但是他们之间没有重要差别(P>0.05)。AtL5，TSA的插入的安全范围由Magerl测量了“s方法在三个方法之中是最大的(P<0.05)。结论：在三个方法之中，杜“因为它到小花梗轴的从入口点的距离最短，TSA的安全范围最大，s方法是从L1toL4的最好的选择；Magerl“s方法能从L3被使用到L5并且是在L5的最好的选择；Roy-Camille”s方法在L1和L2是适用的。

简介：AbstractPurpose:Combined anterior and posterior ring (APR) fixation is classically performed in Tile B2 and C1 injuries to achieve superior biomechanical stability. However, the posterior ring (PR) is the main weight bearing portion that is responsible for weight transmission from the upper parts of the body to the lower limbs through the sacrum and the linea terminalis. It is hypothesized that isolated PR fixation can achieve comparable radiological and clinical outcomes to APR fixation. Therefore, we conducted this study to compare the two fixation principles in managing Tile B2 and C1 injuries.Methods:Our study included 20 patients with Tile B2 injuries and 20 patients with Tile C1 injuries. This study was a randomized control single-blinded study via computerized random numbers with a 1:1 allocation by using random block method. The study was performed at a level one trauma center. A total of 40 patients with Tile B2 and C1 injuries underwent combined APR or isolated PR fixation (Group A and B, respectively). Matta & Tornetta radiological principles and Majeed pelvic scoring system were used for the assessment of primary outcomes and postoperative complications. Secondary outcomes included operative time, amount of blood loss, intraoperative assessment of reduction, need of another operation, length of hospital stay, ability to weight bear postoperatively and pain control metrics. We used student t-test to compare the difference in means between two groups, and Chi-square test to compare proportions between two qualitative parameters. We set the confidence interval to 95% and the margin of error accepted to 5%. So, p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results:The mean follow-up duration was 18 months. The operative time (mean difference 0.575 h) and the intraoperative blood loss (mean difference 97.5 mL) were lower in Group B. Also, despite the higher frequency of rami displacement before union in the same group, there were no significant differences in terms of radiological outcome (excellent outcome with OR = 2.357), clinical outcome (excellent outcome with OR = 2.852) and postoperative complications assessment (OR = 1.556) at last follow-up.Conclusion:The authors concluded that isolated PR fixation could favorably manage Tile B2 and C1 pelvic ring injuries with Nakatani zone II pubic rami fractures and intact inguinal ligament. Its final radiological and clinical outcomes and postoperative complications were comparable to combined APR fixation, but with less morbidity (shorter operation time, lower amount of blood, and no records of postoperative wound infection).

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简介：客观：在代替的光线的头破裂的处理上用可吸收的大头针学习内部固定的效果。方法：从1999年5月到2004年5月，有代替的光线的头破裂的16个病人(梅森类型Ⅱ和Ⅲ)被可吸收的大头针与内部固定对待。后续的持续时间平均22.6个月(12-58月)。结果根据肘运动，X光线照相术的调查结果和功能的等级被估计20由Broberg和Morrey描出。结果：没有光线的头的avascularnecrosis，所有破裂在10个月以内愈合了。吝啬的肘屈曲损失是15°(0°-35°)，和内转和旋后由10°减少了(0°-30°)平均与那些相比相反地侧面的肘。五个病人根据Borberg和Morrey的标准有优秀结果，6一好结果，和3一公平结果。结论：有可吸收的大头针的内部固定是在对待代替的光线的头破裂的一个有效方法。它能维持简历前臂的机械稳定性，改进肘功能并且避免第二操作。

简介：ThearealdistributionofsomeelementsintherareearthbearingspheroidalphasesinpurealuminiumandAl-MnalloyswasstudiedbySIMS(secondaryionmassspectrometry).Theresultsshowthatcerium,iron.siliconandhydrogenaresignificantlysegregatedinthephases.Thustheexistenceofhydrogen-richrareearthbearingeompoundsisconfirmed.Itindicatesthattherareearthshaveahydrogenfixationeffectinaluminiumandaluminiumalloys.

简介：AbstractPurpose:This meta-analysis compared the clinical outcome of three-dimensional (3D) printing combined with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) to traditional ORIF in the treatment of acetabular fractures.Methods:We searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, VIP database, CNKI, and Wanfang data-base with keywords "acetabular fracture" , "3D printing" , "three-dimensional printing" , "open reduction and internal fixation" , "Acetabulum" , "Acetabula" from January 2000 to March 2020. Two reviewers independently selected articles, extracted data, assessed the quality evidence and risk bias of included trials using the Cochrane Collaboration’ s tools and/or Newcastle-Ottawa scale. When the two analysts had different opinions, they would ask the third analyst for opinion. Randomized controlled trials or retrospective comparative studies of 3D printing combined with ORIF (3D printing group) versus traditional ORIF (conventional group) in the treatment of acetabular fractures were selected. The data of operation time, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative fluoroscopy times, incidence of complications, excellent and good rate of Matta score for reduction, and excellent and good rate of hip function score were extracted. Stata14.0 statistical software was used for data analysis.Results:Altogether 9 articles were selected, including 5 randomized controlled trials and 4 retrospective studies. A total of 467 patients were analyzed, 250 in the conventional group, and 217 in the 3D printing group. The operation time in the 3D printing group was less than that in the conventional group and the difference was statistically significant (standardized mean difference (SMD) =-1.19, 95% CI:-1.55 to-0.82, p < 0.05). The intraoperative bleeding volume of the 3D printing group was significantly lower than that of the conventional group (SMD=-1.08, 95% CI:-1.65 to-0.51, p < 0.05). The fluoroscopy times were less in the 3D printing group than in the conventional group and the difference was statistically significant (SMD=-1.64, 95% CI:-2.35 to-0.93, p < 0.05). The total incidence of complications in the 3D printing group was significantly lower than that in the conventional group (OR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.24-0.79, p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the excellent and good rate of Matta score for reduction between the two groups (OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.34-1.06, p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the excellent and good rate of hip function score at the end of postoperative follow-up between the two groups (OR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.46-1.56, p > 0.05), but the follow-up time varies from 6 months to 40 months.Conclusion:Compared with traditional ORIF, 3D printing combined with ORIF has certain advantages in terms that 3D printing not only helps surgeons to understand acetabular fractures more intuitively, but also effectively reduces operation time, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative fluoroscopy times, and postoperative complications. However, there were no significant differences in the excellent and good rate of Matta score for reduction and the excellent and good rate of hip function score at the end of follow-up.

简介：AhighMwofPLLAwassynthesized,itintendedtobeusedinthemanufactureofbioabsorbablescrewappliedinbonefractureinternalfixation.Theopticalreactionconditionshavebeendiscussed.

简介：Objective:Tointroducethetechniqueofsubciliaryincisionandlateralcantholysiswithtri-dimensionreductionandrigidinternalfixationtotreatzygomaticcomplexfractures.Methods:Thesubciliaryincisionandlateralcantholysiscombinedwithtri-dimensionreductionandrigidinternalfixationofzygomaticcomplexfractureswithtitaniummicroplateswereappliedin56patientswithzygomaticcomplexfractures.Anotherlateraleyebrowincisionorsublabialincisionwasusedtosimplifytheoperation.Results:Thepostoperativefollow-upperiodrangedfrom6monthsto5years.Duringthefollow-upperiod,allthepatientshadsatisfyingpostoperativeresults.Allclinicalsymptomsdisappearedexceptthenumbnessintheinfraorbitalregionin2patients.In94.6%patientsnocomplicationssuchasobviousscar,ectropion,entropionorblepharoedemawerefound,only5.4%ofthepatientshadslightectropion6monthsafteroperation.Conclusions:Thesubciliaryincisionandlateralcantholysishavemanyadvantagessuchasinvisiblescar,sufficientexposure,minimalinjury,andfewcomplicationsandcombinedwithrigidinternalfixationwithtitaniummicroplatesthistechniquecouldbeusedasoneoftheroutineoperationmethodstotreatzygomaticcomplexfractures.

简介：AbstractPurpose:This study was designed to compare the clinical efficacy of "8" and "0" wire fixation systems combined with double-head cannulated compression screws or Kirschner wires for the treatment of transverse patellar fractures.Methods:From September 2011 to September 2018, patients with closed transverse patellar fractures treated with a double-head compression screw or Kirschner wire were included and analyzed retrospectively. Patients with patellar fractures combined with distal femoral fractures, tibial plateau fracture or preoperative lower limb dysfunction were excluded. The patients treated with the "8" tension band wire fixation system and Kirschner wire were taken as Group A; those treated with the "0" fixation system and Kirschner wire were taken as Group B; those treated with the "8" fixation system and double-head cannulated compression screw were taken as group C; and those treated with the "0" fixation system and double-head cannulated compression screw were taken as group D. Six weeks and one year after the operation and every month from the third month after the operation until the fractures healed, an X-ray examination was performed to identify fracture healing. The time of fracture healing and postoperative complications of the four groups were compared. One year after the operation, knee function was evaluated by Bostman’s score.Results:During the study period, 168 patients with patellar fractures were treated by operations, and 88 patients were excluded because the fracture type did not meet the requirements or because there were combined fractures of the distal femur or tibial plateau. As a result, 80 patients were included in this study, 20 in each group. All the patients were followed up for an average period of 12.2 months. Compared with Group A, patients in Group D presented less postoperative discomfort in the prepatellar region, quicker fracture healing, less fixation failure and better postoperative knee function scores (all p < 0.05). The incidence of internal fixation failure in Group (B+D) was lower than that in Group (A+C) (p > 0.05).Conclusion:The "0" wire fixation system combined with a double-head cannulated compression screw seems to be more beneficial than the other three fixation systems for the treatment of transverse patellar fractures.

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简介：目的将评估可行性和由K电线和紧张乐队电线固定对待sternoclavicular关节脱臼的治疗学的效果，并且改进这种技术的安全和稳定性。这研究与平均数由9个盒子，6男性和3女性组成了的方法25年变老(范围，9-62年)。原因是在7种情况中的交通事故，掉在在1种情况中的1种情况和战斗里。到操作的从损害的持续时间是到7天的2个小时。有5左脱臼和4正确脱臼；8前面的脱臼和1以后的脱臼，包括一个与左olecranon骨折与左肩胛骨折和破裂结合了。用K电线和紧张乐队电线的开的减小和内部固定被执行对待脱臼。结果所有病人被跟随在上面为6～24个月，10个月平均。根据Rockwood手术后的sternoclavicular关节上的等级规模，8个盒子与13.88的一个平均分数完成了优秀结果，并且剩余的盒子与12的分数完成了好结果。解剖减小在所有情况中被获得。象严重感染没有如此的手术后的复杂并发症，对血容器和神经的损害，固定的失败，等等。病人们都对解剖减小和功能的恢复满意。K电线和紧张乐队电线固定的技术是保险箱的结论，简单，有效，不太侵略并且成功地在矫形外科被使用了。它在尽管它有一些劣势，对待sternoclavicular关节脱臼是有效的。

简介：胫骨的高原不属于工会的Intraarticular是稀罕的。在文学，仅仅9个病人被发现为不属于工会的胫骨的高原和他们得到了改变结果的intraarticular被对待。与骨头grafting一起的内部固定在所有情况中作为标准治疗被做。我们对待intraarticular的4个不同侧面案例在我们由4个不同方法的机构不属于工会的胫骨的高原。我们与骨头接枝，有K钉子的arthrodesis和全部的膝代替一起与巴黎扔的、内部固定的灰浆对待这些案例。大小写1与当病人拒绝了外科，扔的巴黎(流行音乐)的灰浆被对待。破裂被统一，尽管有外翻足malalignment，病人充分对运动的完整的范围满意。大小写2与开的减小被管理与骨头grafting一起的内部固定。病人有一个好工会并且在膝关节得到了运动的完整的范围。大小写3由于她的老年与全部的膝关节造形术被对待并且得到了令人满意的结果。大小写4是一感染不属于工会。Arthrodesis被做，病人能与忍受independently.We的完整的重量走断定与骨头grafting一起的那内部固定不能在胫骨的高原不属于工会的intraarticular的所有情况中是合适的。不属于工会的、现在的状况的原因和膝关节的运动的范围都应该被考虑，治疗应该根据每种patient’s状况是individualised。