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简介：IntroductionAlmostwithoutexception,babiesaresuccessfulatlearningtheirmothertongue.Infinitepatience,enthusiasticencouragementandgenerouspraisefromallaroundobviouslyplayaveryimportantrole.Soitisnosurprisethatthefirstattemptatspeakingimmediatelymeetssuchawarmwelcome.AsJespersen(1922)stated’Achild’s’teachers’aregreatlypleasedateverylittleadvancethechildmakes.Everyawkwardattemptmeetswithsympathyandencouragement,andthemostdifficultsteponthepathoflanguagebecomesthemerriestgame.’

简介：当你看到美国大学2000年学士学位获得者中只有35％的人是在4年内拿到学位的，你一定感到很吃惊。那么，是什么原因造成的呢?美国各大学又在采取什么措施呢?这些措施有效吗?……

简介：IntroductionSomebooksaretobereadonlyinparts;otherstoberead,butnotcuriously;andsomefewtobereadwholly,andwithdiligenceandattention’(Bacon).WhatBaconsaidisquitetrue;weusedifferentreadingskillsfordifferentbooks,buthowcanwereadmostefficientlyandgetinformationintheshortestpossibletime?Somepeoplearguethatalargevocabularyisthemostimportantelement,itis’everything’.Byvocabularytheymeanthosewordswhichcanberecognizedordecodedinstantlyandforwhichtheyhaveanappropriateconcept.Tosomeextent,Iagreewiththisopinion-butIdothinkreadingisaverycomplicatedprocess-itisnotaseasyasallthat.Readingconcernsmanyaspectsofthelanguage.What’smore,weneedcertainskillsinreadingtogetthebestresultfromdifferentkindsofreadingmaterials.