简介：在顺序的拍卖，衰退价格的现象经常被观察，在理论，罐头它被supermartingale代表。这份报纸采用投标人价值可以在阶段上改变，普通priors被留下的投标人顺序调整的观点。衰退价格顺序能被在拍卖之间的普通priors的调整解释，这被显示出。普通priors的调整被随机的订单描绘。为一个supermartingale价格序列的足够、必要的条件被导出。

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简介：尽管他们的保存的紧急被认出了，自从2002，全球性重要的农业遗产系统(GIAHS)由食物和农业组织(粮农组织)指明了，自从2012面临至于为什么保存他们的问题，中国全国地重要的农业遗产系统(China-NIAHS)由中国的农业(恐鸟)的部证明了，吗什么将被保存，谁，并且怎么应该保存他们？这篇论文试图澄清并且对这作出回应问题基于理论、实际的进步的评论在中国集中于农业遗产系统的保存。农业遗产系统为持续、公平的开发并且因此展出大量的值应该为现在和未来代被保存。不同于很常规的遗产，农业遗产系统的保存是物理、生物的部件和联系社会文化的过程应该以一个动态方法在被保存的一个复杂、系统的工程。农民和遗产地点必须在被支撑的生态的功能的前提下面得益于传统的农业生产的延续，传统的文化正在被继承。为更有效的保存，一个多股东过程应该被建立在不同层次，多学科的科学家，社区和农民包含政府，并且企业企业以及社会组织。作为被表明了，农业遗产系统的保存试图支持地区性的持续开发，以改进生计，食物安全和农场人的健康，并且在中国为现代农业的开发提供引用。

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简介：AIM:Toevaluategutmicrobialdysbiosisintwovisceralhypersensitivemodelsincomparisonwithirritablebowelsyndrome(IBS)patientsandtoexploretheextenttowhichthesemodelscapturethedysbiosisofIBSpatients.METHODS:Visceralhypersensitivitywasdevelopedusingthematernalseparation(MS)ratmodelandpost-inflammatoryratmodel.Thevisceralsensitivityofthemodelgroupsandcontrolgroupwasevaluatedusingtheabdominalwithdrawreflexscoreandelectromyographyinresponsetogradedcolorectaldistention.The16SribosomalRNAgenefromfecalsampleswaspyrosequencedandanalyzed.Thecorrelationbetweendysbiosisinthemicrobiotaandvisceralhypersensitivitywascalculated.PositivefindingswerecomparedtosequencingdatafromapublishedhumanIBScohort.RESULTS:Dysbiosistriggeredbyneonatalmaternalseparationwaslastingbutnotstatic.BothMSandpostinflammatoryratfecalmicrobiotadeviatedfromthatofthecontrolratstoanextentthatwaslargerthantheco-housingeffect.Twoshortchainfattyacidproducinggenera,FusobacteriumandClostridiumXI,weresharedbythehumanIBScohortandbythematernalseparationratsandpost-inflammatoryrats,respectively,todifferentextents.FusobacteriumwassignificantlyincreasedintheMSgroup,anditsabundancepositivelycorrelatedwiththedegreeofvisceralhypersensitivity.Porphyromonadaceaewasaprotectivebiomarkerforboththeratcontrolgroupandhealthyhumancontrols.CONCLUSION:ThedysbiosisMSratmodelandthepost-inflammatoryratmodelcapturedsomeofthedysbiosisfeaturesofIBSpatients.Fusobacterium,ClostridiumXIandPorphyromonadaceaewereidentifiedastargetsforfuturemechanisticresearch.

简介：Thehybridstructuresofpolystyrene-b-poly(ethyleneoxide)(PS-b-PEO)blockcopolymerandinorganicnanoparticleswithgoodstabilityandbiocompatibilityhavepotentialapplicationsindrugdeliveryandbioimaging.Sphericalco-assembliesofPS120-b-PEO318andoleylamine-cappedCdSquantumdots(QDs)areproducedsuccessfullyinthisworkbyaddingwatertoamixedcommonsolvent,suchasN,N-dimethylmethanamide(DMF)/chloroform,DMF/tetrahydrofuran(THF),orDMF/toluene.TheenergydispersiveX-ray(EDX)spectrumindicatesthatQDsarelocatedattheinterfacebetweenthecoreandshellofthesphericalco-assemblies.Theco-assemblyprocessduringwateradditionistracedbytransmissionelectronmicroscopy(TEM)andturbiditymeasurement.Sphericalco-assembliesareformedthroughbuddingfrombilayersoftheblockcopolymerandQDs.Themorphologyoftheco-assembliesisrelatedtothemiscibilityoftheQD-dispersingsolventswithwaterandthemorphologychangesfromasphericaltoavesicle-likestructurewithDMF/toluene.IncreasingTHFcontentinthemixedsolventcausesmorphologicaltransitionsfromsphericalco-assembliestomulti-branchedcylindersandmicelleswhereQDsarelocatedinthecentralcore.Increasingchloroformcontentyieldsvesicle-likestructureswithprotrudingrodsonthesurface.Themechanismofthemorphologicaltransitionsisalsodiscussedindetail.