简介:FieldexperimentswereconductedontotalloadtransportintheChelichayRiverBasin,amountainouscatchment(1,400km~2)locatedinnortheasternofIran,toevaluatetotalloadformulasincludingfourgravelbedriversandasandbedriver(QaresooRiver).GravelbedriversinChelichayRiverBasincanbegroupedintotwotypes;steepsloperiverswithhighshearvalues(ChehelchayRiverandKhormalooRiver)andmildsloperiverswithlowshearvalues(NarmabRiverandSoosaraRiver).Twodepthintegratingsuspendedloadsamplers(DH-48andD-49),andtwobedloadsamplers(Helley-SmithandBLSH)wereusedtomeasuretotalload.Theperformanceistestedof8totalloadtransportformulaeincluding4macroscopicand4microscopicmethods.Asystematicandthoroughanalysisof59setsofdatacollectedfromsandbedriverindicatethatYangandEngelundandHansenreachtothebetterresults,andfromfourgravelbedriversconfirmedthatthemethodsofKarimandKennedyandEngelundandHansenyieldsthebestresultsforsteepsloperivers,andthemethodsofEinsteinandBijkerarerankedhighestingradualsloperivers.
简介:Accordingtothebedriddenpatient’sphysicalcondition,onekindofelectricnursingbedwhichcanbeusedinthesmarthomeenvironmentandrealizemany`kindsofposturetransformation.Thispaperintroducesthemechanicalsystemdesignoftheelectricnursingbedandthemethodofintegrationwiththesmarthomeenvironment,designsthecombinedbedboardandthemechanicalstructureofposturetransformation,remotecontrollingequipmentsinthesmarthomeenvironment.
简介:Inthiswork,syngasmethanationoverNi-W/TiO2-SiO2catalystwasstudiedinafluidized-bedreactor(FBR)anditsperformancewascomparedwithafixed-bedreactor(FIXBR).Theeffectsofmainoperatingvariablesincludingfeedstockgasesspacevelocity,cokecontent,bedtemperatureandsulfur-tolerantstabilityof100hlifewereinvestigated.ThestructureofthecatalystswascharacterizedbyXRD,N2adsorptiondesorptionandTEM.Itisfoundthatundersamespacevelocityfrom5000h1to25000h1FBRgaveahigherCH4yield,lowercokecontent,andlowerbedtemperaturethanthoseobtainedinFIXBR.Ni-W/TiO2-SiO2catalystpossessedexcellentsulfur-tolerantstabilityonthefeedstockgaseslessthan500ppmH2SinFBR.ThecarbondepositsformedonthespentcatalystwereintheformofcarbonfibersinFBR,whileintheformofdenseaccumulationdistributionappearanceinFIXBR.
简介:Adsorptionisoneofthewidelyusedprocessesinthechemicalindustryenvironmentalapplication.Ascomparedtomathematicalmodelsproposedtodescribebatchadsorptionintermsofisothermandkineticbehavior,insufficientmodelsareavailabletodescribeandpredictfixed-bedorcolumnadsorption,thoughthelatteroneisthemainoptioninpracticalapplication.Thepresentreviewfirstprovidesabriefsummaryonbasicconceptsandmathematicmodelstodescribethemasstransferandisothermbehaviorofbatchadsorption,whichdominatethecolumnadsorptionbehaviorinnature.Afterwards,thewidelyusedmodelsdevelopedtopredictthebreakthroughcurve,i.e.,thegeneralratemodels,lineardrivingforce(LDF)model,wavepropagationtheorymodel,constantpatternmodel,Clarkmodel,Thomasmodel,Bohart-Adamsmodel,Yoon-Nelsonmodel,Wangmodel,Wolborskamodel,andmodifieddose-responsemodel,arebrieflyintroducedfromthemechanismandmathematicalviewpoint.Theirbasiccharacteristics,includingtheadvantagesandinheritshortcomings,arealsodiscussed.Thisreviewcouldhelpthoseinterestedincolumnadsorptiontoreasonablychooseordevelopanaccurateandconvenientmodelfortheirstudyandpracticalapplication.
简介:Forthesynthesisofsingle-walledcarbonnanotubes(SWCNTs)fromCH4overaFe/MgOcatalyst,weproposedacoupledDowner-turbulentfluidized-bed(TFB)reactortoenhancetheselectivityandyield(orproductionrate)ofSWCNTs.Bycontrollingaveryshortcatalystresidencetime(1-3s)intheDowner,onlypartofFeoxidescanbereducedtoformFenanoparticles(NPs)availableforthegrowthofSWCNTs.ThepercentageofunreducedFeoxidesincreasedandtheyieldofSWCNTsdecreasedaccordinglywiththeincreaseofcatalystfeedingrateinDowner.SWCNTswerepreferentiallygrownonthecatalystsurfaceandinhibitedthesinteringoftheFecrystalliteswhichwouldbeformedthereafterinthedownstreamTFB,evidencedbyTEM,RamanandTGA.ThecoupledDowner-turbulentfluidized-bedreactortechnologyallowedhigherselectivityandhigherproductionrateofSWCNTsascomparedtoTFBalone.