简介：AbstractImportance:Tics usually start around 4-6 years old and affect about 1% of school-age children. Premonitory urges (PUs) are sensory phenomena that precede tics and are often described as unpleasant feelings. Recent evidence supports a relationship between PUs and tic severity, but reports are conflicting. In addition, there is no report of PUs in the Chinese population.Objective:To investigate the correlation between PUs and tic symptoms in the Chinese population with tic disorders.Methods:We recruited 252 Chinese individuals with chronic tic disorders (age 5-16 years). The Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) was used to assess tic symptoms, and the Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale (PUTS) was used to assess PUs. We calculated Spearman correlations between PUTS and YGTSS scores, and constructed a linear regression model to predict the tic symptom severity by PUs.Results:There was a significant positive correlation between PU severity (PUTS scores) and motor tic severity, total tic severity, tic-caused impairment (YGTSS scores) (P < 0.05). PU severity was a significant positive predictor of tic symptom severity (standardized beta coefficient = 0.174, t = 2.786, P = 0.006).Interpretation:We provide evidence for a correlation between PUs and tic symptoms. PU severity predicts tic symptom severity. Further research on PUs is needed to clarify the shared brain mechanism with tics, and their role in tic expression. A suitable tool to assess PUs in younger children is also needed.

简介：AnewapproachtothemassiveproductionofTiCwhiskerswithhighpurityandlowcostwaspresented.Itisamodifiedcarbothermalreductionmethod(MCTR)characterizedbyargonstreamflowingverticallyandpassingthroughtheinteriorofthemixtureofrawmaterials.Itisfoundforthefirsttimethatthereisanoptimumflowoftheupwardflowingargonstream,atwhichlargequantityofhighqualityTiCcanbeobtained.Thispaperdescribedthenewmethod,analyzedthemechanismandconditionsfortheformationofhighpurityTiCwhiskersonalargescale,andcomparedMCTRwiththetraditionalcarbothermalreductionmethod(TCTR).Basedontheanalysisandcomparison,itisconcludedthatinordertoproducehighqualitytransitionmetalcarbides,nitridesandcarbonitrideswithlowcostTCTRmustbereplacedbyMCTR.

简介：AbstractTic disorders (TD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is often first recognized in children and adolescents and is characterized mainly by motor and phonic tics. Drug treatment of TD has been criticized because of serious side effects, and TD treatment emphasizes behavioral psychotherapy. This study reviewed the most common behavioral psychotherapy for TD: habit reversal training (HRT). We examined the contents, variation, curative effects, and premonitory urge control of HRT and other behavioral psychotherapies. The findings suggest that current understanding of HRT is insufficient and further studies are needed. First, studies of online guidance training are needed to implement technology that can help more patients. Second, the future integration of HRT and other technologies is important. Third, imaging techniques could be used to further explore the brain mechanisms underlying HRT. Research on HRT for TD in China is insufficient. We call on more Chinese researchers to study, investigate, and develop technology to promote the development of behavioral psychotherapy for TD in China.

简介：第一原则的计算被执行学习有TiC的形态学的硼和它的关系的吸附。尽管所有低索引的TiC水晶飞机上的硼的吸附是热地有利的，它将更容易被吸附由，这被发现终止C{111}并且{011}飞机，当时不太可能被吸附由{001}。B-B簇的形成的学习显示硼adatoms在上的分发终止C(111)并且{011}飞机将是更一致的，并且adatom的散开进一步证实上述结果。根据几何学关系和不同水晶飞机的生长率，TiC上的硼的吸附将严重阻碍生长，这被推出{111}并且{011}飞机，它能让TiC长成六角形的血小板。

简介：分别以Ti和TiO2粉为钛源，石墨为碳源，结合机械合金化及高温烧结制备出TiC微粉。利用XRD、SEM对TiC的成分和形貌进行了观察分析。通过对比发现，以TiO2作为钛源可得到纯度较高且粒度为纳米级的TiC粉末。球磨过程中原料粉末不断细化，有助于相互扩散并加速烧结过程中TiC的生成。

简介：本成果属表面改性耐磨堆焊技术,解决了国内外耐磨堆焊中两大技术难关：一是堆焊层的耐磨硬质点与基体的结合强度差、耐磨性较低;二是高硬度的堆焊层（HRC≥40）,工件焊前必须进行300～600℃预热,焊后缓冷,劳动条件太差,焊接成本提高。本成果通过药皮配方的改进,利用焊接过程高温电弧的特定冶金反应,生成硬度极高的TiC、

简介：TiC晶须以其优异的物理和化学性能具有重要的研究意义和实用价值。该文综述了国内外TiC晶须的最新研究进展，详细介绍了几种制备TiC晶须的典型方法，如碳热还原法、化学气相沉积法、原位合成法、溶胶-凝胶法等，并指出了这几种制备方法的优缺点，分析、讨论了TiC晶须的2种生长模型及机理：介绍了TiC晶须作为增强增韧相在陶瓷基复合材料、金属基复合材料中的具体应用情况，展望了TiC晶须的发展前景。

简介：为提高海船船员急救培训效果,文章简要分析了急救培训的现状以及常见的医学教学模式,提出了TIC教学模式,并说明了其在实施过程中取得了初步成效,为探索急救培训模式提供了参考。

简介：Si3N4/TiCnanocompositeceramicshavebeenfabricatedbyhotpressingtechniquewithAl2O3andY2O3asadditives.TheresultsshowedthatwelldispersedcompositepowderwascarriedoutbyaddingdispersantandadjustingpHvaluesofsuspensions.RemarkableincreaseinflexuralstrengthatroomtemperatureswasobtainedbyaddingnanoparticlesinSi3N4matrixwith10%(wtpct)ofnano-Si3N4and15%ofnano-TiC.Theflexuralstrength,fracturetoughnessandhardnesswere1025MPa,7.5MPa·1/2and15.6GPa,respectively.Themicrostructuresofmaterialswereanalyzedbyscanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM)andtransmissionelectronmicroscopy(TEM),whichindicatedthatTiCnanoparticlesdistributeinthematrixandatthegrainboundaries.Accordingtothefractureform,lowcontentsofnanoparticlescouldrefinematrixgrainsandleadtothecrackdeflectionaswellascrackpinning.Themultiplexmicrostructurewasformedbymixingnano-Si3N4particles.Thecracktrajectoriesexhibitedcrackdeflection,rod-likegrainbridgingandpull-out.

简介：

简介：通过微波烧结制备TiC/6061铝基复合材料，采用TEM、EDS、XRD分析该复合材料结合界面的结构、元素分布和相组成；从热力学角度研究新相的形成机理。结果表明：结合界面存在厚度约为100nm的扩散型和反应型2种中间层，其与基体和增强相的邻接整洁、边界连续、结合紧密。扩散型界面，具有（111）Al//（240）TiC，[011]Al//[001]TiC的晶体学位向关系并形成半共格界面；反应型界面，由TiAl和微纳米级的Al4W相组成。界面TiAl相的热力学形成机理为Al和Ti元素通过扩散的方式首先生成TiAl3，之后随Ti元素的进一步扩散占据TiAl3中Al的位置，最终形成TiAl。

简介：采用激光熔覆方法在45#钢基体上制备含TiC质量分数为20%~50%的Fe基TiC复合涂层。分别用扫描电镜（SEM）、能谱仪（EDS）、X线衍射（XRD）、显微硬度计、摩擦磨损机对熔覆层的微观组织、物相、硬度及耐磨性进行研究。结果表明：当TiC质量分数为30%时,涂层组织致密,TiC颗粒分布均匀、部分溶解、尺寸减小;涂层主要是由α-Fe固溶体,FeC,FeB,B4C,B4Si,Cr5B3,TiB以及未溶解的TiC等组成;当TiC质量分数为30%时,熔覆层平均维氏硬度为783.8,磨损率为45#钢基体的1/38。

简介：为提高铝合金装甲的抗弹性能,采用自蔓延高温合成技术(Self-propagatingHigh-temperatureSynhesis,SHS)与热压(HotPressing,HP)工艺相结合的方法,在7A52铝合金表面制备TiC陶瓷涂层.对所制备的涂层材料进行了形貌、结构、显微硬度以及抗弹性能的测试与分析,结果表明:该陶瓷涂层具有硬度高、韧性好、组织致密的特点,能够显著提高7A52铝合金的抗弹性能,具有很高的应用价值.

简介：较系统地综述了目前TiC超细粉（尤其是纳米及亚微米TiC粉）的各种制备方法，对不同的制备方法进行了比较，着重分析了各制备方法的技术关键和优缺点，最后对超细粉TiC制备的进一步发展进行了展望。分析认为利用化学方法进行混料，结合快速均匀加热进行合成，是未来超细TiC粉工业化制备的发展方向。

简介：为降低纯镍基合金涂层在高接触应力下的摩擦因数并进一步提高其耐磨性能,运用等离子喷涂技术在45#钢表面制备石墨/TiC协同改性镍基合金复合涂层。结果表明：复合涂层的摩擦因数较纯镍基合金涂层降低47.45%,磨损质量降低59.1%。纯镍基合金涂层与GCr15钢对摩时,表面产生明显的滑移和粘着变形,从而使纯镍基合金涂层表现出多次塑变磨损和粘着磨损。在复合涂层的磨损表面形成较软的、富含石墨和铁氧化物的转移层,使得其摩擦因数显著降低,质量磨损大为减少。复合涂层的磨损机理主要为转移层的疲劳剥落。

简介：Inordertodevelopanew-typeTiC-TiNcontainingcarboncompositerefractorysoastoimprovetheservicelifeofblastfurnacehearth,thewettabilitybetweenthecarbonrefractoryandmoltenslagormetalhasbeenmea-sured.Itwasindicatedthatthecarbonrefractoryiswet-tedbyslag(θ≤90°）when(TiC+TiN)>33.52%,TheeffectsofTiNorTiConwettingbehaviorarebasi-callyidentical.WhentheamountofTiCinthecarboncom-positerefractoryisgreaterthan60%itwillbewettedbyhotmetal;therefore,thecarboncompositerefractorywillbewettedbyslagbutnotpermeatedbyhotmetalwhentheamountofTiCisrestricted.

简介：Anewhardfacingprocess,reactivebrazecoatingprocess(RBCC)wasstudied,and(TiC+Cr3C2)/FecompositecoatingswerepreparedbyRBCCusingcarbon,Cr3C2,iron,ferrochromiumandtitaniumpowderastherawmaterialsinvacuumbrazefurnace.TheresultsshowthatTiCisin-situsynthesizedinthecoatings.ThemethodsofintroducingCr3C2havegreateffectsonthedistributionofTiC.AddingCr3C2directlytotherawmaterialsforcoatings,fineTiCparticlesaggregateintodiscoidsparalleltothecoatingsurface,whereas,in-situsynthesizingCr3C2incoatings,theaggregationsofTiCarelumpish.Duringbrazecoating,Cr3C2particlesdirectlyaddeddissolveandprecipitatetobecomeneedle-shaped.Thecoatingshaveanevenandsmoothsurfaceandarecombinedwiththeirmildsteelsubstratesbyametallurgicalbonding.

简介：TiC/Cr18Ni8steelbondedcarbidesweresynthesizedbyvacuumsinteringwithmixedpowdersofiron,ferrotitanium,ferrochromium,colloidalgraphiteandnickelasrawmaterials.Themicrostructureandmicrohardnessofthesteelbondedcarbideswereanalyzedbyscanningelectronmicroscope(SEM),X-raydiffraction(XRD)andRockwellhardometer.ResultsshowthatthephasesofsteelbondedcarbidesmainlyconsistofTiCandFe-Cr-Nisolidsolution.ThesynthesizedTiCparticlesarefine.Mostofthemarenotmorethan1μm.Withtheincreaseofsinteringtemperature,theporosityofTiC/Cr18Ni8steelbondedcarbidesdecreasesandthedensityandhardnessincrease,butthesizeofTiCparticlesslightlyincreases.Underthesamesinteringconditions,thedensityandhardnessofsteelbondedcarbideswithC/Tiatomicratio0.9arehigherthanthosewithC/Tiatomicratio1.0.TheTiCparticleswithC/Tiatomicratio0.9aremuchfinerandmorehomogeneous.

简介：HotcompressionbehaviorofTiC–Al2O3/AlcompositeswasstudiedusingtheGleeble-1500systematatemperaturerangeof300–550°Candatstrainraterangeof0.01–10.00s-1.TheassociatedstructuralchangeswerestudiedbyTEMobservations.Theresultsshowthatstressleveldecreaseswithdeformationtemperatureincreasingandstrainratedecreasing,whichcanberepresentedbyaZener–Hollomonparameterinanexponent-typeequationwithhotdeformationactivationenergyQof172.56kJ·mol-1.Dynamicrecoveryoccurseasilywhenstrainratesarelessthan10.00s-1.Dynamicrecrystallizationcanoccuratstrainrateof10.00s-1.

简介：AbstractBackground:Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neuropsychiatric disorder with onset in childhood that warrants effective therapies. Gut microbiota can affect central physiology and function via the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Therefore, the gut microbiota plays an important role in some mental illnesses. A small clinical trial showed that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) may alleviate TS symptoms in children. Herein, FMT effects and mechanisms were explored in a TS mouse model.Methods:TS mice model (TSMO) (n = 80) were established with 3,3＇-iminodipropionitrile, and 80 mice were used as controls. Mice were grouped into eight groups and were subjected to FMT with feces from children or mice with or without TS, or were given probiotics. Fecal specimens were collected 3 weeks after FMT. 16S rRNA sequencing, behavioral observation, and serum serotonin (5-HT) assay were performed. Differences between groups were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) tests.Results:A total of 18 discriminative microbial signatures (linear discriminant analysis score > 3) that varied significantly between TS and healthy mice (CONH) were identified. A significant increase in Turicibacteraceae and Ruminococcaceae in TSMO after FMT was observed (P < 0.05). Compared with non-transplanted TSMO, the symptoms of those transplanted with feces from CONH were alleviated (W = 336, P = 0.046). In the probiotic and FMT experiments, the serum 5-HT levels significantly increased in TSMO that received probiotics (KS = 1.423, P = 0.035) and in those transplanted with feces from CONH (W= 336.5, P = 0.046) compared with TSMO without transplantation.Conclusions:This study suggests that FMT may ameliorate TS by promoting 5-HT secretion, and it provides new insights into the underlying mechanisms of FMT as a treatment for TS.