简介：AbstractObjective:Structural abnormalities and dysfunction of the placenta contribute to pregnancy-related complications, such as preeclampsia. Syncytin-A (synA) has been reported to be expressed in the placenta. The contribution of synA to developmental abnormalities and dysfunction of the placenta remains elusive. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of synA in placental development and functions.Methods:SynA-knockout mice were generated using the CRISPR-Cas9 method, and the phenotypes of the placenta and fetus of synA-knockout mice were observed. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and routine PCR were employed to detect the genotypes of the offspring. CD31 immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the vessel density of the placenta, and the protein levels of key molecules were measured by western blotting.Results:SynA knockout caused fetal death. Furthermore, synA-knockout mice showed placental developmental abnormalities, indicated by a thinner labyrinth layer, thicker spongiotrophoblast layer, lower blood vessel density, and significantly higher numbers of apoptotic trophoblasts, when compared with wild-type littermates. Mechanistically, synA ablation induced apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) cleavage and nuclear localization and promoted placental trophoblast apoptosis. In addition, synA knockout increased the calpain1 protein levels. The calpain1 inhibitor calpeptin blocked synA knockout-induced AIF cleavage, partially restoring the placental structural abnormalities of synA-knockout mice.Conclusions:SynA knockout leads to placental developmental abnormalities by inducing trophoblastic apoptosis via the calpain1-AIF pathway.

简介：Objective:Fusogenicendogenousretroviralsyncytinplaysanimportantroleintheformationofsyncytiotrophoblastsinhumanplacenta.Apartfromitsexpressioninplacenta,brainandtestis,syncytinhasalsobeenfoundinmanycancers.Althoughsyncytinhasbeenproposedtoserveasapositiveprognosticmarkerinsomecancers,theunderlyingmechanismisunclear.Theaimofthisstudyistoevaluatetheeffectsofsyncytinexpressionontheinvasivephenotypeofmelanomacells.Methods:Theeukaryoticexpressionplasmidforsyncytin-EGFPwasconstructedandtransfectedintoB16F10melanomacells.TheeffectofsyncytinontheinvasionpotentialoftumorcellswasevaluatedinB16F10sublinecellsthatstablyexpressedsyncytin-EGFPfusionproteinorEGFPalone.Results:TheB16F10sublinesthatstablyexpressedsyncytin-EGFPorEGFPalonewereestablishedrespectivelyandconfirmedbyimmunofluorescentandimmunoblottingassay.SyncytinexpressioninB16F10cellswasassociatedwithdecreasedcellproliferation,migrationandinvasion.Multinucleatedgiantcellsthatcontainedasmanyasfivenucleiwereinducedinsyncytin-expressingcells.Inaddition,syncytinexpressiondidnotalterthesensitivityofB16F10cellstotrichosanthin,atoxinthatdamagessyncytiotrophoblastsmoreefficientlythanothertissues.Conclusions:Theseresultssuggestthatsyncytinexpressioninsomecancersmayconfinetheirinvasionpotentialandthusserveasapositiveprognosticfactor.更多还原

简介：摘要目的探讨骨骼肌细胞Syncytin-1过表达对脊髓前角运动神经元-骨骼肌细胞-施万细胞共培养模型炎性因子、钠离子依赖性中性氨基酸转运体1(ASCT1)和神经保护因子的影响。方法(1)体外原代培养脊髓前角运动神经元、骨骼肌细胞、施万细胞，免疫荧光染色分别检测细胞胆碱乙酰转移酶(ChAT)、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)、钙结合蛋白B(S100B)的表达进行鉴定。(2)将Syncytin-1重组质粒及空载质粒分别转染骨骼肌细胞后24 h，与另外2种细胞混合，分别建立3种细胞的共培养模型(Syncytin-1重组质粒转染组：Syncytin-1重组质粒转染的骨骼肌细胞、脊髓前角运动神经元、施万细胞混合；空载质粒转染组：空载质粒转染的骨骼肌细胞、脊髓前角运动神经元、施万细胞混合)。于倒置显微镜下观察共培养细胞形态及连接的变化。共培养48 h后应用酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)检测2组共培养细胞上清液中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的浓度，采用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)和Western blotting分别检测2组共培养细胞Syncytin-1、ASCT1、TNF-α、iNOS、VEGF mRNA和蛋白的表达。结果(1)免疫荧光染色检测显示：脊髓前角运动神经元中ChAT阳性表达细胞、骨骼肌细胞中α-SMA阳性表达细胞、施万细胞中S100B阳性表达细胞均占95%以上，且定位在细胞质内。(2)Syncytin-1重组质粒转染组及空载质粒转染组共培养细胞的数量及形态未见明显差异。与空载质粒转染组比较，Syncytin-1重组质粒转染组共培养细胞上清液TNF-α、iNOS及VEGF的浓度均增高，细胞TNF-α、iNOS、Syncytin-1、VEGF mRNA和蛋白的表达均增高，ASCT1 mRNA和蛋白的表达均降低，差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论骨骼肌细胞Syncytin-1过表达可以引起共培养细胞炎性因子释放、ASCT1表达降低、神经保护因子VEGF表达增高。

简介：摘要目的研究子痫前期胎盘中第10号染色体缺失性磷酸酶和张力蛋白同源物基因(phosphatase and tensin homologue-deleted chromosome ten gene，PTEN)、Syncytin-1与母体内皮损伤、滋养细胞损伤的相关性。方法选择2015年2月至2017年12月在南方医科大学附属小榄医院诊断为子痫前期并分娩的46例患者及同期正常分娩的的80名孕妇，分娩前留取母体外周血并测定内皮损伤标志物的含量，分娩后留取胎盘并测定PTEN、Syncytin-1、细胞凋亡基因的表达量以及氧化应激标志物的含量。结果子痫前期胎盘组织中PTEN的mRNA表达量显著高于正常胎盘组织(t＝32.797、P<0.000)，Syncytin-1的mRNA表达量显著低于正常胎盘组织(t＝28.506、P<0.000)；子痫前期患者母体血液循环中内皮素-1(endothelin-1，ET-1)、可溶性血管内皮生长因子受体-1(soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor 1，sFlt-1)的含量显著高于正常妊娠孕妇(t值分别为39.884、40.243、P均<0.001)，且与胎盘组织中PTEN的mRNA表达量呈正相关(相关系数分别为0.674、0.596，P分别为0.004、0.007)，与Syncytin-1的mRNA表达量呈负相关(相关系数分别为－0.615、－0.637，P分别为0.009、0.008)，一氧化氮(nitric oxide ，NO)、前列腺素I 2(prostaglandin I2，PGI2)、血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor ，VEGF)、胎盘生长因子(Placental growth factor ，PLGF)的含量显著低于正常妊娠孕妇(t值分别为30.944、27.404、32.827、26.644、P均<0.001)，且与胎盘组织中PTEN的mRNA表达量呈负相关(相关系数分别为－0.648、－0.592、－0.537、－0.613，P分别为0.006、0.009、0.013、0.007)，与Syncytin-1的mRNA表达量呈正相关(相关系数分别为0.632、0.572、0.537、0.654，P值分别为0.010、0.013、0.015、0.009)；子痫前期胎盘组织中还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸氧化酶4(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-reduced oxidase 4，NOX4)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde，MDA)、8-羟基脱氧鸟苷酸(8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine，8-OHdG)的含量以及自杀相关因子(factors associated suicide ，Fas)、Fas配体(fas ligand，FasL)、Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bcl-2 associated X protein，Bax)、葡萄糖调节蛋白78(glucose regulated protein 78 ，GRP78)、C/EBP同源蛋白(C/EBP homologous protein ，CHOP)、含半胱氨酸的天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶(cysteine-containing aspartic acid proteolytic enzymes-3，Caspase-3)的mRNA表达量显著高于正常胎盘组织(t值分别为27.714、27.704、26.786、22.622、27.964、25.496、25.893、30.837、28.975、P均<0.001)，且与胎盘组织中PTEN的mRNA表达量呈正相关(相关系数分别为0.703、0.651、0.593、0.628、0.449、0.552、0.612、0.569、0.502，P值分别为0.003、0.007、0.004、0.006、0.016、0.010、0.006、0.012、0.018)，gn Syncytin-1的mRNA表达量呈负相关(相关系数分别为－0.615、－0.714、－0.577、－0.548、－0.512、－0.585、－0.619、－0.495、－0.662，P值分别为0.009、0.001、0.013、0.015、0.018、0.011、0.009、0.023、0.003)，Peroxiredoxin-Ⅱ蛋白(PrxⅡ)、PrxⅢ、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase ，SOD)的含量以及B淋巴细胞瘤-2基因(B-cell lymphoma-2，Bcl-2)的mRNA表达量显著低于正常胎盘组织(t值分别为26.115、23.502、21.439、17.194、P均<0.001)，且与胎盘组织中PTEN的mRNA表达量呈负相关(相关系数分别为－0.713、－0.657、－0.591、－0.642，P值分别为<0.001、0.006、0.009、0.007)，与Syncytin-1的mRNA表达量呈正相关(相关系数分别为0.562、0.711、0.682、0.608，P值分别为0.013、<0.001、0.002、0.008)。结论子痫前期胎盘中PTEN的高表达以及Syncytin-1的低表达能够加重母体内皮损伤以及胎盘滋养细胞损伤。