简介：Adiscrepancyremainsinthefirsttwoleadingempiricalorthogonalfunction(EOF)modesofthetropicalPacificseasurfacetemperatureanomaly(SSTA)basedonobservationssincethe1980s.TheEOF1mode,representingtheElNino-SouthernOscillation(ENSO),isarobustresult.However,theEOF2featureseitherElNinoModoki(EM)orENSOevolutionduringdifferentperiods,whichisprobablyassociatedwiththeimpactsofglobalwarming.TheunderlyingquestioniswhattheEOF2modeofthetropicalPacificwouldbewithoutglobalwarming.UsingtheCMIP5preindustrialscenariotoexcludetheinfluenceofglobalwarming,wefindthattheEOF1modeofthetropicalPacificSSTArepresentsENSOandthattheEOF2modeisnotEM.Accordingtothelead–lagcorrelationbetweentheENSOandEOF2modes,thelinkagebetweenthesetwomodesisasfollows:…ElNino→EOF2→LaNina→–EOF2→ElNino….Byanalyzingtheevolutionofseasurfacetemperature,surfacewind,andsubsurfaceoceantemperatureanomalies,wefindthemechanismlinkingtheENSOandEOF2modesistheair–seainteractionassociatedwiththeENSOcycle.ThisresultsuggeststhattheEOF2moderepresentsanaspectofENSOevolutionunderpreindustrialconditions.Therefore,thisstudyfurtherindicatesthattheEMisprobablyduetotheinfluenceofglobalwarming.

简介：美国加利福尼亚州圣克拉拉市的GlobalFoundries公司与一家为硅芯片提供光输入/输出(I/O)的初创公司AyarLabs宣布开展战略合作,共同开发和商业化硅光子技术差异化的解决方案。这两家公司将使用GF的45nmCMOS制造工艺开发和制造Ayar的新型CMOS光学I/O技术,这项技术提供了铜I/O的替代方案,可提供高达十倍的带宽和五倍的低功耗。这种经济高效的解决方案与ASIC作为多芯片模块集成在一起,可以提高云服务器,数据中心和超级计算机的数据速度和能效。作为协议的一部分,GF公司还在AyarLabs投资了一笔未公开的资金。