简介：Theechocardiographyrmchineisapowerfulcomputerthatimagestheheartusingultrasound.Itrevealscardiacanatomyandphysiology,allowingdiagnosisofdiseasesofthemyocardium,valves,pericardiumandaorta,qhefunctionalsignificanceofcoronarydiseasecanbedeterminedusingstressechocardiography(seepage35)andmyocardialpeffusionimaging.TypesofechocardiographyandtheirusesareshowninFigure1.

简介：Hypertrophiccardiomyopathy(HCM)isacommongeneticcardiovasculardiseaseandappearsinallethnicgroups.HCMisdiagnosedonthebasisofleftventricularhypertrophy.EchocardiographyisakeytechniqueinthediagnosisofHCM,theprognosisofpatientswithHCM,themanagementstrategyforHCM,andthefollow-upofpatientswithHCM.ThisreviewbrieflydescribesanddiscussesthepracticaluseofestablishedechocardiographytechniquesandthecurrentandemergingechocardiographicmethodsthatcanhelpphysiciansinthecorrectdiagnosticandpathophysiologicalassessmentofpatientswithHCM.

简介：BackgroundMyocardialbloodflow(MBF)canbequantifiedwithmyocardialcontrastechocardiography(MCE)duringavenousinfusionofmicrobubble.AminimalMBFisrequiredtomaintaincellmembraneintegrityandmyocardialviabilityinischemiccondition.Thus,wehypothesizedthatMCEcouldbeusedtoassessmyocardialviabilitybythedeterminationofMBF.MethodsandResultsMCEwasperformedat4hoursafterligationofproximalleftanteriordescendingcoronaryarteryin7dogswithconstantvenousinfusionsofmicrobubbles.Thevideointensityversuspulsingintervalplotsderivedfromeachmyocardialpixelwerefittedtoanexponentialfunction:y=A(1-e-βt),whereyisⅥatpulsingintervalt,Areflectsmicrovascularcross-sectionalarea(ormyocardialbloodvolume),and(3reflectsmeanmyocardialmicrobubblevelocity.TheproductofA·β　representsMBF.MBFwasalsoobtainedbyra-diolabeledmicrospheremethodserveredasreference.MBFderivedbyradiolabeledmicrosphere-methodinthere

简介：Heartfailureisacomplexclinicalsyndromethatcanresultfromanystructuralorfunctionalcardiacdisorderthatimpairstheabilityoftheventricletofillwithorejectblood.Theechocardiogramisthesinglemostperformedandusefulstudyinthesepatients.Thisarticlereviewstheroleoftheechocardiogramintheevaluationoftheheartfailurepatient,withoutfocusingontheleftventricle.Thediscussionincludestheuseoftheechocardiogramintheassessmentoftherightventricleanddiastolicfunctionandindetectinghemodynamicandmorphologicchangesinheartfailureoveraperiodoftime.Inaddition,wehighlightsomeofthelimitationsofechocardiographyintheassessmentofthesepatients.

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简介：Theuseofspeckle-trackingechocardiography(STE)isbecominganincreasinglyusefultoolintheevaluationofmyocardialdisease.STEsoftwarecantrackthemotionofthespecularpatterncreatedbytheinterferenceofultrasoundwiththemyofibersoftheheartandprovideaquantitativemeanstoevaluatesubtlechangesinventricularfunctionthatoftenoccurbeforechangesinventricularejectionfractionareobserved.STEismostoftenusedtomeasurethechangeinshape(strain)ofmyocardialsegmentsinthecircumferential,radial,andlongitudinaldirections.Invariousdiseases,includingcoronaryarterydisease,aorticstenosis,andmitralregurgitation,deficitsinlongitudinalstrainappeartooccurearlierthandeficitsinothermeasuresofstrainorinejectionfraction.ConsiderationofSTEmeasuresofleftventricularcontractionhasthepotentialtosignificantlyaffectclinicalmanagementandoutcomesofischemicandvalvularheartdiseasegiventheabilitytoseparatethosewithasymptomaticdiseasewhomaybenefitfromearlierinterventionsthancurrentguidelinesmaysuggest.

简介：ObjectiveTodeterminewhethersuccessfulvalvuloplastycausesanincreaseofmitralvalveareareserveinpatientswithmitralstenosis,isoproterenolstressechocardiographywasusedtocomparemitralvalveareaandhemodynamicchangesbetweenpre-andpost-valvuloplastyunderconditionsofincreasedcardiacwork.MethodsThirty-eightpatientswithpurerheumaticmitralstenosiswhohadreceivedsuccessfulpercutaneousballoonvalvuloplastyunderwentisoproterenolstressechocardiographypre-andpost-valvuloplasty.Mitralvalvearea(bydirectplanimetryoftwo-dimensionalechocardiography),meantransmitralpressuregradient(bycontinuous-waveDopplerechocardiography),andcardiacoutput(byM-modeechocardiography)weremeasuredatrestandunderisoproterenolstresstoachieveheartrateofdifferentstages.ResultsMitralvalvearea(0.91±0.28to1.87±0.23cm2,P<0.01),meantransmitralpressuregradient(12.5±6.3to3.9±1.9mmHg,P<0.01)andcardiacoutput(3.93±1.44to4

简介：BackgroundThemyocytedysfunctionmaybepresentinaorticstenosis(AS)patientswithpreservedleftventricularejectionfraction(LVEF).Earlyaorticvalvereplacement(AVR)canreversetheLVhypertrophyandimproveLVsystolicperformanceandclinicaloutcome.StrainimaginghasdemonstratedtobethemostappropriatemethodtoevaluateLVmyocardialcontractility.However,4D-strainimagingechocardiographyforthedetectionofsubclinicalleftventriculardysfunctioninASpatientswithpreservedLVEFisseldomstudied.MethodsWeprospectivelyenrolled30consecutivemoderatetosevereASpatientswithpreservedLVEF,and30healthycontrols.Conventionalechocardiographyand4D-strainimagingechocardiographywereundergoneintwogroups.The4Dstrainechocardiographicanalyseswereundertakenbyusing4DAutoLVQsoftware.ResultsComparedwiththehealthycontrols,themoderatetosevereASpatientswithpreservedLVEFhadsignificantlydecreasedglobalradialstrain(GRS),globallongitudinalstrain(GLS),globalareastrain(GAS)and4Dstrain(P<0.05),hadsignificantlyincreasedleftventricularend-diastolicvolumeindex(LVEDVI)andleftventricularmassindex(LVMI)(P<0.05),andhadlowerglobalcircumferentialstrain(GCS)(P>0.05).ConclusionsImpairedLVmyocardialcontractilityexistsinmoderatetosevereASpatients,althoughLVEFispreserved.4D-strainimagingechocardiographycandetectearlyleftventriculardysfunctioninASpatientswithpreservedLVEF.

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简介：BackgroundTwo-dimensionalspeckletrackingimaging(2D-STI)andreal-timethree-dimensionalechocardiography(RT-3DE)havemoreadvantagesinevaluatingleftventricular(LV)systolicdyssynchronythantraditionalechocardiographictechniques.ThestudyaimedtoevaluateLVdyssynchronyparametersbyboth2D-STIandRT-3DE,andthecorrelationbetweenthesetwotechniques.MethodsAtotalof43chronicheartfailure(CHF)patientsand27healthyvolunteerswereenrolled.Therewere23dyssynchronyparametersselectedtoevaluateleftventricularsystolicsynchronization,involving15from2D-STIand8fromRT-3DE.ResultsFewofthedyssynchronyparametersshowednegativecorrelationswithLVejectionfraction(LVEF)intheCHFgroup.Thedifferencebetweentimetopeak-systolicradialstrainoftheanteroseptalandposteriorsegmentsatthelevelofpapillarymuscles[AS-P(RS)]from2D-STIshowedpositivecorrelationswithpartsoftheparametersfromRT-3DE(P<0.05).ConclusionsLVsystolicdysfunctiondoesnotcorrelatewithdyssynchrony.Moreover,thereisaweakassociationbetween2D-STIandRT-3DEinassessmentofleftventriculardyssynchrony.

简介：Despitewidespreadawarenessanduseofscientificallyprovenlife-prolongingmedicalanddevice-basedtherapiesoverthelasttwodecades,heartfailureremainsaleadingcauseofmorbidity,mortality,andhealthcareexpenditureintheUnitedStates.Mechanicalcirculatorysupportwithacontinuous-flowleftventricularassistdevice(CF-LVAD),eitherasabridgetohearttransplantationorasdestinationtherapy,isanincreasinglyusedtreatmentmodalityforpatientswithadvancedheartfailuresyndromesthatworsendespitetheirreceivingstandardtherapies.CF-LVADsupportcreatesuniquehemodynamicalterationsthatmustbeunderstoodtoprovideappropriatecareforthesepatientsbeforeandafterimplantation.EchocardiographyisessentialintheevaluationofpatientswhoarebeingconsideredfororaremechanicallysupportedbyCF-LVADs.Hereweprovideafocusedclinicalreviewontheuseofechocardiographyintwomainaspectsoftheevaluationofthesepatients:(a)optimalpatientselectionforCF-LVADsupportand(b)followupassessmentofoptimalpumpfunction.

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简介：摘要：目的：本文对超声心动图在冠心病节段性室壁运动异常评价中的应用效果进行分析。方法：文章选取2021年7月至2022年7月该时间段本院接收的冠心病患者80例，均采用超声心动图和冠状动脉造影术对患者是否存在节段性室壁运动异常的情况进行观察，并对其检查的结果进行汇总及分析。结果：研究结果显示，使用超声心动图的方式对该类患者进行诊断的精准度、灵敏度、特异度、阴性预测值、阳性预测值等均有明显的提升，在对其研究结果进行检验后发现，超声心动图的诊断结果与患者阶段性室壁运动异常的结果一致，且在对选取的患者诊断过程中不良反应的发生率更少。所选患者的研究数据均存在明显的差异，可确保本次研究数据的可靠性。结论：超声心动图对该类患者的诊断价值更高，且具有较强的安全性，对于患者的检查更有意义。