简介：AnovelalgorithmcalledColonyLocationAlgorithm(CLA)isproposed.Itmimicsthephenomenainbioticconmunitythatcoloniesofspeciescouldbelocatedintheplacesmostsuitabletotheirgrowth.Thefactorsworkingonthespecieslocationsuchasthenutrientofsoil,resourcecompetitionbetweenspecies,growthanddeclineprocess,andeffectonenvironmentwereconsideredinCLAviathenutrientfunction,growthanddeclinerates,environmentevaluationandfertilizationstrategy.CLAwasappliedtosolvetheclassicalassignmentproblems.ThecomputationresultsshowthatCLAcanachievetheoptimalsolutionwithhigherpossibilityandshorterrunningtime.

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简介：Therecentlyinventedartificialbeecolony(ABC)algorithmisanoptimizationalgorithmbasedonswarmintelligencethathasbeenusedtosolvemanykindsofnumericalfunctionoptimizationproblems.Itperformswellinmostcases,however,therestillexistsaninsufficiencyintheABCalgorithmthatignoresthefitnessofrelatedpairsofindividualsinthemechanismoffindinganeighboringfoodsource.ThispaperpresentsanimprovedABCalgorithmwithmutuallearning(MutualABC)thatadjuststheproducedcandidatefoodsourcewiththehigherfitnessbetweentwoindividualsselectedbyamutuallearningfactor.TheperformanceoftheimprovedMutualABCalgorithmistestedonasetofbenchmarkfunctionsandcomparedwiththebasicABCalgorithmandsomeclassicalversionsofimprovedABCalgorithms.TheexperimentalresultsshowthattheMutualABCalgorithmwithappropriateparametersoutperformsotherABCalgorithmsinmostexperiments.

简介：ExplainingthecausesofinfeasibilityofBooleanformulashasmanypracticalapplicationsinelectronicdesignautomationandformalverificationofhardware.Furthermore,aminimumexplanationofinfeasibilitythatexcludesallirrelevantinformationisgenerallyofinterest.Asmallest-cardinalityunsatisfiablesubsetcalledaminimumunsatisfiablecorecanprovideasuccinctexplanationofinfea-sibilityandisvaluableforapplications.However,littleattentionhasbeenconcentratedonextractionofminimumunsatisfiablecore.Inthispaper,therelationshipbetweenmaximalsatisfiabilityandmini-mumunsatisfiabilityispresentedandproved,thenanefficientantcolonyalgorithmisproposedtoderiveanexactornearlyexactminimumunsatisfiablecorebasedontherelationship.Finally,ex-perimentalresultsonpracticalbenchmarkscomparedwiththebestknownapproacharereported,andtheresultsshowthattheantcolonyalgorithmstronglyoutperformsthebestpreviousalgorithm.

简介：Pathplanningin3Dgeometryspaceisusedtofindanoptimalpathintherestrictedenvironment,accordingtoacertainevaluationcriteria.Tosolvetheproblemoflongsearchingtimeandslowsolvingspeedin3Dpathplanning,amodifiedantcolonyoptimizationisproposedinthispaper.Firstly,thegridmethodforenvironmentmodelingisadopted.Heuristicinformationisconnectedwiththeplanningspace.Asemi-iterativeglobalpheromoneupdatemechanismisproposed.Secondly,theoptimalantsmutatethepathstoimprovethediversityofthealgorithmafteradefinediterativenumber.Thirdly,co-evolutionaryalgorithmisused.Finally,thesimulationresultshowstheeffectivenessoftheproposedalgorithminsolvingtheproblemof3Dpipepathplanning.

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简介：Microarraydataareoftenextremelyasymmetricindimensionality,suchasthousandsoreventensofthousandsofgenesbutonlyafewhundredsofsamplesorless.Suchextremeasymmetrybetweenthedimensionalityofgenesandsamplescanleadtoinaccuratediagnosisofdiseaseinclinic.Therefore,ithasbeenshownthatselectingasmallsetofmarkergenescanleadtoimprovedclassificationaccuracy.Inthispaper,asimplemodifiedantcolonyoptimization(ACO)algorithmisproposedtoselecttumor-relatedmarkergenes,andsupportvectormachine(SVM)isusedasclassifiertoevaluatetheperformanceoftheextractedgenesubset.Experimentalresultsonseveralbenchmarktumormicroarraydatasetsshowedthattheproposedapproachproducesbetterrecognitionwithfewermarkergenesthanmanyothermethods.IthasbeendemonstratedthatthemodifiedACOisausefultoolforselectingmarkergenesandmininghighdimensiondata.

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简介：AnewmethodforsimulatingthefoldingpathwayofRNAsecondarystructureusingthemodifiedantcolonyalgorithmisproposed.ForagivenRNAsequence,thesetofallpossiblestemsisobtainedandtheenergyofeachstemiscalculatedandstoredattheinitialstage.Furthermore,amorerealisticformulaisusedtocomputetheenergyofmulti-branchloopinthefollowingiteration.Thenafoldingpathwayissimulated,includingsuchprocessesasconstructionoftheheuristicinformation,theruleofinitializingthepheromone,themechanismofchoosingtheinitialandnextstemandthestrategyofupdatingthepheromonebetweentwodifferentstems.FinallybytestingRNAsequenceswithknownsecondarystructuresfromthepublicdatabases,weanalyzetheexperimentaldatatoselectappropriatevaluesforparameters.ThemeasureindexesshowthatourprocedureismoreconsistentwithphylogeneticallyprovenstructuresthansoftwareRNAstructuresometimesandmoreeffectivethanthestandardGeneticAlgorithm.

简介：Anovelbionicswarmintelligencealgorithm,calledantcolonyalgorithmbasedonablackboardmechanism,isproposedtosolvetheautonomyanddynamicdeploymentofmobilessensornetworkseffectively.Ablackboardmechanismisintroducedintothesystemformakingpheromoneandcompletingthealgorithm.Everynode,whichcanbelookedasanant,makesoneinformationzoneinitsmemoryforcommunicatingwithothernodesandleavespheromone,whichiscreatedbyantitselfinnature.ThenantcolonytheoryisusedtofindtheoptimizationschemeforpathplanninganddeploymentofmobileWirelessSensorNetwork(WSN).Wetestthealgorithminadynamicandunconfigurableenvironment.Theresultsindicatethatthealgorithmcanreducethepowerconsumptionby13%averagely,enhancetheefficiencyofpathplanninganddeploymentofmobileWSNby15%averagely.

简介：Disassemblysequenceplanningisanimportantstepofmechanicalmaintenance.Thisarticlepresentsanintegratedstudyaboutthegenerationandoptimizingalgorithmofthedisassemblysequence.Mechanicalproductsaredividedintotwocategoriesofcomponentsandconnectors.Thearticleusescomponent-jointgraphtorepresentassemblyconstraints,includingtheincidenceconstraintsarerepresentedbyincidencematrixandtheinterferenceconstraintsarerepresentedbyinterferenceconstraints.Theinspiringfactorandpheromonematrixarecalculatedaccordingtoassemblyconstraints.Thentheantgeneratesitsowndisassemblysequencesonebyoneandupdatestheinspiringfactorandpheromonematrix.Afteralliterations,thebestdisassemblysequenceplanningofcomponentsandconnectorsaregiven.Finally,anapplicationinstanceofthedisassemblysequenceofthejackispresentedtoillustratethevalidityofthismethod.

简介：Inthispaper,anAntColonySystem(AC)basedheuristicalgorithmispresentedtofindthemulti-constraineddynamicQualityofService(QoS)multicastrouting.WealsoexplorethescalabilityoftheACalgorithmandmulticasttreebyusing"Pull"modeinsteadof"Push"mode,andtheimprovementonthetimecomplexityofACalgorithmbyusinganewdatastructure,I.e.,apointerarrayinsteadoftheprevious"matrix"structure.Ourextensivetestsshowthatthepresentedalgorithmcanfindtheglobaloptimumorsuboptimum,andhasagoodscalabilitywithdynamicadaptationtothechangeofmulticastgroup,andgivesbetterperformanceintermsofthetotalcostthanothertwoalgorithms.

简介：蚂蚁殖民地优化(ACO)基于平衡路由的负担，波长赋值(RWA)算法(ALRWA)为完成在全部光卫星网络上平衡的仙女般的负担的缘故被提出。一个多客观的优化模型就全球交通分发的特征而言被建立。这不仅采用交通紧张修改轻路径费用，而且监视光内部卫星的连接(ISL)的波长利用。然后，一个ACO算法被利用解决这个模型，导致发现为每个连接请求的一条最佳的轻路径。最佳的轻路径让最小的轻路径花费了在下面令人满意波长利用，传播延期和波长连续性的限制。模拟结果证明ALRWA在堵住概率表现很好并且认识到有效负担平衡。同时，平均传播延期能满足即时企业传播的基本要求。

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简介：Thispaperexaminestheyardtruckscheduling,theyardlocationassignmentfordischargingcontainers,andthequaycraneschedulingincontainerterminals.Takingintoaccountthepracticalsituation,wepaidspecialattentiontotheloadinganddischargingprecedencerelationshipsbetweencontainersinthequaycraneoperations.AMixedIntegerProgram(MIP)modelisconstructed,andatwo-stageheuristicalgorithmisproposed.InthefirststageanAntColonyOptimization(ACO)algorithmisemployedtogeneratetheyardlocationassignmentfordischargingcontainers.Inthesecondstage,theintegrationoftheyardtruckschedulingandthequaycraneschedulingisaflexiblejobshopproblem,andanefficientgreedyalgorithmandalocalsearchalgorithmareproposed.Extensivenumericalexperimentsareconductedtotesttheperformanceoftheproposedalgorithms.

简介：Objective:ToexploretheeffectsofnuclearM-CSFontheprocessoftumorigenesis.Methods:FunctionalpartofM-CSFcDNAwasinsertedintoaneukaryoticexpressionplasmidpCMV/myc/nuc,whichcanaddthreeNLStotheC-terminaloftheexpressedproteinanddirecttheproteinintothecellnuclei.TheconstructedplasmidwastransferredintoNIH3T3cellsandthecellcloneswereselectedbyG-418selection.CellclonesstableexpressingtargetproteinwereidentifiedbyRT-PCR,ABCimmunohistochemistryassayandWesternblot.Cellgrowthkineticsanalysesthroughgrowthcurves,celldoublingtime,MTTtestandanti-senseoligodeoxynucleotide(ASODN)inhibitingcellgrowthtestwereperformedtoidentifycellsproliferationpotential.Results:Thetransfectedcellsshowedelevatedproliferationpotentialoverthecontrolcells.Conclusion:AbnormalappearanceofM-CSFinnucleuscouldenhancecellproliferation,whichsuggeststhatcytokineisoformswithincellnucleusmightplaytranscriptionfactor-likerole.

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简介：Objective:Tostudytheexpressionlevelsofplatelet-derivedgrowthfactor(PDGF)andgranulocytecolony-stimulatingfactor(G-CSF)inperipheralbloodandtheirroleinthepathogenesisofCondylomaacuminatum(CA).Methods:Seraweretakenfrom70patientswithCondylomaacuminatumandcomparedwith35healthycontrols.PDGFandG-CSFinserumwerequantitatedusingadualantibodysandwichenzyme-linkedimmunoabsorbentassay(ELISA).Results:SerumconcentrationsofPDGFandG-CSFweresignificantlyincreasedinpatientswithCondylomaacuminatum(CA)comparedtocontrols(P<0.001andP<0.005respectively).SerumlevelsofPDGFandG-CSFcorrelatedwithclinicalseverityofCA,butnosignificantdifferencewasobservedbetweendifferentdurationofdiseasegroups.AsignificantpositivecorrelationwasnoticedbetweenneutrophilcountandG-CSFlevels(γ=0.38,P<0.001),andtheneutrophilcountshowednosignificantcorrelationwithPDGF.Conclusion:TheresultsindicatedthatincreasedexpressionofPDGFandG-CSFinperipheralbloodmightbeinvolvedinpathogenesisofCA.

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简介：Inducedembryonicstemresourcesfortheobservationofthecell（ES）cellsareexpectedtobepromisingcellbehaviorsindevelopmentalbiologyaswellastheimplantationincelltreatmentsinhumandiseases.ArecombinantE-cadherinsubstratumwasdevelopedasacellrecognizablesubstratumtomaintaintheEScells＇self-renewalandpluripotencyatsinglecelllevel.Furthermore,thegenerationofvariouscelllineagesindifferentgermlayers,includinghepaticorneuralcells,wasachievedonthechimericproteinlayerpreciselyandeffectively.Theinductionandisolationofspecificcellpopulationwascarriedoutwiththeenhancingeffectofotherartificialextracellularmatrices（ECMs）inenzyme-freeprocess.ThemurineEScell-derivedcellsshowedhighlymorphologicalsimilaritiesandfunctionalexpressionstomaturedhepatocytesorneuralprogenitorcells.