简介：Thereisincreasingobservationalevidenceindicatingthatcrystallineinterfacialwaterlayersplayacentralroleinevolutionandbiology.Forinstanceincellularrecognitionprocesses,inparticularduringfirstcontactevents,wherecellsdecideuponsurvivalorenteringapoptosis.Understandingwaterlayersisthuscrucialinbiomedicalengineering,specificallyinthedesignofbiomaterialsinspiredbybiomimeticprinciples.Whereasthereisampleexperimentalevidenceforcrystallineinterfacialwaterlayersonsurfacesinair,theirsubaquaticpresencecouldnotbeverifieddirectly,sofar.Analysingapolaritydependentasym-metryinthesurfaceconductivityonhydrogenatednanocrystallinediamond,weshowthatcrystallineinterfacialwaterlayerspersistsubaquatically.Nanoscopicinterfacialwaterlayerswithanorderdifferentfromthatofbulkwaterhavebeenidentifiedatroomtemperatureonbothhydrophilicandhydrophobicmodelsurfaces-inairandsubaquatically.Theirgeneralizationandsystematicinclusionintothecatalogueofphysicalandchemicaldeterminantsofbiocompatibilitycompletethebiomimetictriangle.

简介：Thispaperpresentsthedesignandprototypeofasmallquadrupedrobotwhosewalkingmotionisrealizedbytwopie-zocompositeactuators.Inthedesign,biomimeticideasareemployedtoobtaintheagilityofmotionsandsustainabilityofaheavyload.Thedesignoftherobotlegsisinspiredbythelegconfigurationofinsects,twojoints(hipandknee)ofthelegenabletwobasicmotions,liftingandstepping.Therobotframeisdesignedtohaveasloperelativetothehorizontalplane,whichmakestherobotmoveforward.Inaddition,theboundinglocomotionofquadrupedanimalsisimplementedintherobot.Experimentsshowthattherobotcancarryanadditionalloadofabout100gandrunwithafairlyhighvelocity.Thequadrupedprototypecanbeanimportantsteptowardsthegoalofbuildinganautonomousmobilerobotactuatedbypiezocompositeactuators.

简介：AreviewontheresearchofMicroElectromechanicalSystems(MEMS)technologybasedbiomimeticciliaispresented.Biomimeticcilia,enabledbytheadvancementofMEMStechnology,havebeenunderdynamicdevelopmentforthepastdecade.AfterabriefdescriptionofthebackgroundofciliaandMEMStechnology,differentbiomimeticciliaapplicationsarereviewed.Biomimeticciliamicro-actuators,includingmicromachinedpolyimidebimorphbiomimeticciliamicro-actuator,electro-staticallyactuatedpolymerbiomimeticciliamicro-actuator,andmagneticallyactuatednanorodarraybiomimeticciliamicro-actuator,arepresented.Subsequentlymicromachinedunderwaterflowbiomimeticciliamicro-sensorisstudied,followedbyacousticflowmicro-sensor.ThefabricationoftheseMEMS-basedbiomimeticciliadevices,characterizationoftheirphysicalproperties,andtheresultsoftheirapplicationexperimentsarediscussed.

简介：

简介：WehavestudiedabiomimeticswimmerbasedonthemotionofbacteriasuchasEscherichiacoli(E.coli)theoreticallyandexperimentally.Theswimmerhasanellipsoidalcellbodypropelledbyahelicalfilament.Theperformanceofthisswimmerwasestimatedbymodelingthedynamicsofaswimmerinviscousfluid.WeappliedtheResistiveForceTheory(RFT)onthismodeltocalculatethelinearswimmingspeedandtheefficiencyofthemodel.Aparametricstudyonlinearvelocityandefficiencytooptimizethedesignofthisswimmerwasdemonstrated.Inordertovalidatethetheoreticalresults,abiomimeticswimmerwasfabricatedandanexperimentsetupwaspreparedtomeasuretheswimmingspeedandthrustforceinsiliconeoil.TheexperimentalresultsagreewellwiththetheoreticalvaluespredictedbyRFT.Inaddition,westudiedtheflowpatternssurroundingthefilamentwithafiniteelementsimulationwithdifferentReynoldsnumber(Re)tounderstandthemechanismofpropulsion.Thesimulationresultsprovideinformationonthenatureofflowpatternsgeneratedbyswimmingfilament.Furthermore,thethrustforcesfromthesimulationwerecomparedwiththethrustforcesfromtheory.Thesimulationresultsareingoodagreementwiththetheoreticalresults.

简介：Theunsteadyhydrodynamicsofabiomimeticfinattachedtoacylindricalbodyhasbeenstudiednumericallyusingacomputationalfluiddynamic(CFD)simulatorbasedonanin-housesolveroftheNavier-Stokesequations,combinedwitharecentlydevelopedmulti-block,oversetgridmethod.Thefin-bodyCFDmodelisbasedonamechanicalpectoralfindevice,whichconsistsofacylindricalbodyandanasymmetricfinandcanmimicflapping,rowingandfeatheringmotionsofthepectoralfinsinfishes.Firstthemulti-block,oversetgridmethodincorporatedintotheNSsolverwasverifiedthroughanextensivestudyofunsteadyflowspastasinglefinundergoingrowingandfeatheringmotion.Thenunsteadyflowspastthebiomimeticfin-bodymodelundergoingthesamemotionswerecomputedandcomparedwiththemeasurementsofforcesofthemechanicalpectoralfin,whichshowsgoodagreementinbothtime-varyingandtime-averagedhydrodynamicforces.Therelationshipbetweenforcegenerationandvortexdynamicspointstotheimportanceofthematchinfinkinematicsbetweenpowerandrecoverystrokesandimpliesthatanoptimalselectionofparametersofphaselagsbetweenandamplitudesofrowingandfeatheringmotionscanimprovetheperformanceoflabriformpropulsionintermsofeithermaximumforcegenerationorminimummechanicalpower.

简介：Whilemuchattentionhasbeengiventobio-roboticsinrecentyears,notmuchofthishasbeengiventothechallengingsubjectoflocomotioninslipperyconditions.Thisstudybeginstorectifythisbyproposingabiomimeticapproachtogeneratingthefrictionrequiredtogivesufficientpropulsiveforceonaslipperysubstrate.Wetookinspirationfromasuccessfulbiologicalsolution-thatofapplyinghair-likestructurestothepropulsiveappendages,similartothesetaefoundinnereidpolychaeteslivinginmuddyhabitats.Webeganbyexaminingthemorphologyandthemeanlocomotionparametersofoneofthemostcommonnereids:Nereisdiversicolor.Followingthisstudy,wedesignedandfabricatedaroboticsystemwithappendagesimitatingthebiologicalshapefoundintheworm.Aflexiblecontrolsystemwasdevelopedtoallowmostofthelocomotionparametersobservedintherealwormtobeappliedtotherobot.Experimentsonthreedifferentnaturalsubstratesrangingfromfinesandtogravelshowedthat,whereasaplateattachedtotheappendagegeneratedmostthrustonasmallparticlesubstrate,abundleofartificialsetaeattachedtotheappendagegeneratedmostthrustonalargeparticlesubstrate.Onalltypesofsubstratetested,anappendagewithoutanyattachmentdidsignificantlyworsethanonewith.Thissuggeststhathair-likestructurescanbeadvantageous.

简介：Wedescribethedesignoffourornithoptersranginginwingspanfrom10cmto40cm,andinweightfrom5gto45g.Thecontrollabilityandpowersupplyaretwomajorconsiderations,sowecomparetheefficiencyandcharacteristicsbetweendif-ferenttypesofsubsystemssuchasgearboxandtailshape.Ourcurrentornithopterisradio-controlledwithinbuiltvisualsensingandcapableoftakeoffandlanding.Wealsoconcentrateonitswingefficiencybasedondesigninspiredbyarealinsectwingandconsiderthataspectsofinsectflightsuchasdelayedstallandwakecaptureareessentialatsuchsmallsize.Mostimportantly,theadvanceratio,controlledeitherbyenlargingthewingbeatamplitudeorraisingthewingbeatfrequency,isthemostsignificantfactorinanornithopterwhichmimicsaninsect.

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简介：Theeffectsofbiomimeticdesignsoftinefurrowopenersurfaceonequivalentpressureandpressureinthedirectionofmotiononopenersurfaceagainstsoilwerestudiedbyfiniteelementmethod(FEM)simulationandtheeffectsofthesedesignsontoolforceandpowerrequirementswereexaminedexperimentally.Geometricalstructuresofthecuticlesurfacesofdungbeetle(CoprisochusMotschulsky)wereexaminedbystereoscopy.ThestructuresofthecuticlesurfacesandUltraHighMo-lecularWeightPolyethylene(UHMWPE)materialweremodeledonsurfaceoftinefurrowopenerasbiomimeticdesigns.SevenfurrowopenerswereanalyzedinANSYSprogram(aFEMsimulationsoftware).ThebiomimeticfurrowopenersurfaceswithUHMWPEstructureswerefoundtohavelowerequivalentpressureandpressureinthedirectionofmotionascomparedtotheconventionalsurfaceandtothebiomimeticsurfaceswithtexturedsteel-35structures.ItwasfoundthatthetoolforceandpowerwereincreasedwiththecuttingdepthandoperatingspeedandthebiomimeticfurrowopenerwithUHMWPEtubularsectionridgesshowedthelowestresistanceandpowerrequirementagainstsoil..

简介：Waterstridershaveremarkablewater-repellentlegsthatenablethemtostandeffortlesslyandmovequicklyonwater.Fluidphysicsindicatesthisfeatureisduetoasurface-tensioneffectcausedbythespecialhierarchicalstructureofthelegs,whicharecoveredwithalargenumberofinclinedsetaewithfinenanogroovesinducingwaterresistance.Thisinspiresustofabricatespecialwater-repellentstructureonfunctionalsurfacesthroughthecooperationbetweenthesurfacetreatmentandthesurfacemicro-andnanostructures,whichmaybringgreatadvantagesinawidevarietyofapplications.InthispaperwepresentaprocedureforfabricatingbiomimeticwaterstriderlegscoveredwithsetaeusingPolycarbonateTrack-Etched(PCTE)membranesastemplates.Bychoosingappropriatemembranelengths,diameters,pitchesanddensitiesofthesetae,thebiomimeticlegscanbefabricatedconvenientlyandatalowcost.Furthermoreweinvestigatedtherelationshipbetweenstiffnessofthemoldingmaterials,highaspectratioanddensity,whichaffectthefidelityoffabricationandselfadhesion,tooptimizethestabilityofsetae.Theknowledgewegainedfromthisstudywillofferimportantinsightsintothebiomimeticdesignandfabricationofwaterstridersetae.

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简介：Wehavecarriedoutanexperimentalstudyofliquiddropimpactonsuperhydrophobicsubstratescoveredbyacarpetofchemicallycoatednano-wires.Themicro-structureofthesurfaceissimilartosomebiologicalones(Lotusleafforexample).Inthissituationthecontactanglecanthenbeconsideredasequalto180degrees,withnohysteresis.Duetoitsinitialinertia,thedropexperiencesaflatteningphaseafterithitsthesurface,takingtheshapeofapancake.Onceitreachesitsmaximallateralextension,thedropbeginstoretractandbouncesback.Wehaveextractedthelateralextensionofthedrop,andweproposeamodelthatexplainsthetrend.Wefindalimitinitialvelocitybeyondwhichthedropprotrudesintothenano-wirecarpet.Wediscusstherelevanceofpracticalissuesintermsofself-cleaningsurfacesorspray-cooling.

简介：　　Thebonecompositewasproducedbybiomimeticsynthesis.Itshowssomefeaturesofnaturalboneinbothcompositionandmicrostructure.Andthecollagenmolecularsandthenano-crystalhydroxyapatiteassembleintoultrastructuresimilartonaturalbone.Itpossessesporousstructurewithporosityfrom100μmto500μmaftermixedwithPLA(polylacticacid).　　……

简介：Naturalsurfaceswithsuperhydrophobicpropertiesoftenhavemicroorhierarchicalstructures.Inthispaper,thewettingbehavioursofasingledropletonbiomimeticmicrostructuredsurfaceswithdifferentroughnessparametersareinvestigated.Atheoreticalmodelisproposedtostudywettingtransitions.Theresultsoftheoreticalanalysisarecomparedwiththoseofexperimentindicatingthattheproposedmodelcaneffectivelypredictthewettingtransition.Furthermore,anumericalsimulationbasedonthemesoscaleLatticeBoltzmannMethod（LBM）isperformedtostudydynamiccontactangles,contactlines,andlocalvelocityfieldsforthecasethatadropletdisplaysonthemicrostructuredsurface.Asphericalwaterdropletwithrs=15μmfallsdowntoabiomimeticsquare-postpatternedsurfaceundertheforceofgravitywithaninitialvelocityof0.01m·s-1andaninitialverticaldistanceof20μmfromdropletcentretothetopofpots.Inspiteofahigherinitialvelocity,thedropletcanstillstayinaCassiestate;moreover,itreachesanequilibriumstateatt≈17.5ms,whencontactangleis153.16°whichisslightlylowerthanthepredictionofCassie-Baxter’sequationwhichgivesθCB=154.40°.

简介：Leukocyterollingandadhesionarecomplexphysiologicalprocessesthathavereceivedagreatdealofattentionoverthepastdecade.Significantincreasesintheknowledgebaserelatedtohowleukocytesadhereinshearflowshaveoccurredasaresultofthedevelopmentofnovelexperimentalandcomputationaltechniques.Micro-andnano-fabricationtechniqueshaveenabledthedevelopmentofnovelflowdevicesforstudyingleukocyteadhesioninsimpleandcomplexgeometries.Improve-mentsincomputertechnologyhaveenabledsimulationsofcomplexflowprocessestobedeveloped.Asaresultofthesead-vancesinknowledgerelatedtoleukocyteadhesion,numerousnoveldeviceshavebeendevelopedthatmimictheleukocyterollingandadhesionprocess.Examplesofthesedevicesincludecellseparationandenrichmentdevicesandtargetedultrasoundcontrastagents.Futureadvancesrelatedtoleukocyterollingandadhesionprocessesholdgreatpromiseforadvancingourknowledgeofdiseaseprocessesaswellasdevelopmentofnoveltherapeuticdevices.

简介：Theuseofoscillatingflexiblefinsinpropulsionhasbeenthesubjectofseveralstudiesinrecentyears,butattentionisrarelypaidtothespecificroleofstiffnessprofileinthrustproduction.Stiffnessprofileisdefinedasthevariationinlocalchordwisebendingstiffness(EI)ofafin,fromleadingtotrailingedge.Inthisstudy,flexiblefinswithastandardNACA0012shapeweretestedalongsidefinswithastiffnessprofilemimickingthatofaPumpkinseedSunfish(Lepomisgibbosus).Thefinswereoscillatedwithapitchingsinusoidalmotionoverarangeoffrequenciesandamplitudes,whiletorque,lateralforceandstaticthrustweremeasured.Overtherangeofoscillationparameterstested,itwasshownthatthefinwithabiomimeticstiffnessprofileofferedasignificantimprovementinstaticthrust,comparedtoafinofsimilardimensionswithastandardNACA0012aerofoilprofile.Thebiomimeticfinalsoproducedthrustmoreconsistentlyovereachoscillationcycle.Acomparisonoffinmaterialsofdifferentstiffnessshowedthattheimprovementwasduetothestiffnessprofileitself,andwasnotsimplyaneffectofalteringtheoverallstiffnessofthefin.Finsofthesamestiffnessprofilewereobservedtofollowthesamethrust-powercurve,independentofthestiffnessofthemouldingmaterial.Biomimeticfinswereshowntoproduceupto26%greaterthrustperwattofinputpower,withintheexperimentalrange.

简介：Manyanimalsandplantshavehighpotentialtoserveasconceptgeneratorsfordevelopingbiomimeticmaterialsandstructures.Wepresentsomeideasbasedonstructuralandfunctionalpropertiesofplantsandanimalsthatledtothedevelopmentoftwotypesofbiomimeticcableentrysystems.Thosesystemshavebeenrealizedontheleveloffunctionaldemonstrators.

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简介：Thispaperpresentsthedevelopmentofamesoscaleself-containedquadrupedmobilerobotthatemploystwopiecesofpiezocompositeactuatorsfortheboundinglocomotion.Thedesignoftherobotlegisinspiredbyleggedinsectsandanimals,andthebiomimeticconceptisimplementedintherobotinasimplifiedform,suchthateachlegoftherobothasonlyonedegreeoffreedom.Thelackofdegreeoffreedomiscompensatedbyaslopeoftherobotframerelativetothehorizontalplane.Fortheimplementationoftheself-containedmobilerobot,asmallpowersupplycircuitisdesignedandinstalledontherobot.Experimentalresultsshowthattherobotcanlocomoteatabout50mm·s-1withthecircuitonboard,whichcanbeconsideredasasignificantsteptowardthegoalofbuildinganautonomousleggedrobotactuatedbypiezoelectricactuators.