简介:Ingroupdecisionmaking,acertaindegreeofconsensusisnecessarytoderiveameaningfulandvalidoutcome.ThispaperproposesaconsensusreachingmodelforagroupbyusingtheAnalyticHierarchyProcess(AHP).Itsupportspeopletoimprovetheirgroupconsensuslevelthroughanupdatingoftheirjudgments.Inthismodel,amoderatorsuggeststhemostdiscordantdecisionmakertoupdatehisjudgmentineachstep.Theproposedconsensusreachingmodelallowsdecisionmakerstoacceptorrejectthesuggestionfromthemoderator.Thismodelensuresthatthejudgmentupdatingiseffectiveandthefinalsolutionwillbeofacceptableconsistency.Finally,anumericalexampleisgiventoillustratethevalidityoftheproposedconsensusreachingmodel.
简介:Inthispaper,weproposeanearlyanalyticexponentialtimedifference(NETD)methodforsolvingthe2Dacousticandelasticwaveequations.Inthismethod,weusethenearlyanalyticdiscreteoperatortoapproximatethehigh-orderspatialdifferentialoperatorsandtransformtheseismicwaveequationsintosemi-discreteordinarydifferentialequations(ODEs).Then,theconvertedODEsystemissolvedbytheexponentialtimedifference(ETD)method.WeinvestigatethepropertiesofNETDindetail,includingthestabilityconditionfor1-Dand2-Dcases,thetheoreticalandrelativeerrors,thenumericaldispersionrelationforthe2-Dacousticcase,andthecomputationalefficiency.Inordertofurthervalidatethemethod,weapplyittosimulatingacoustic/elasticwavepropagationinmultilayermodelswhichhavestrongcontrastsandcomplexheterogeneousmedia,e.g.,theSEGmodelandtheMarmousimodel.Fromourtheoreticalanalysesandnumericalresults,theNETDcansuppressnumericaldispersioneffectivelybyusingthedisplacementandgradienttoapproximatethehigh-orderspatialderivatives.Inaddition,becauseNETDisbasedonthestructureoftheLiegroupmethodwhichpreservesthequantitativepropertiesofdifferentialequations,itcanachievemoreaccurateresultsthantheclassicalmethods.