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简介：忍受重量的骨头常常正在使它的结构和功能适应机械环境。通过平淡的锻练装载刺激骨头形成并且阻止骨头损失，但是在空间飞行期间象暴露一样通过床休息和演员组固定卸掉到无重状态减少它的团和力量。以便阐明位于卸掉开车骨头改编下面的机制，在vitro并且在vivo分析基于地面用旋转房间culturing和后部的手足暂停被进行了。在造骨细胞和后部的手足暂停集中于基因表达研究学习，这微型评论在空间在无重状态下面在骨头动态平衡上介绍我们的最近的理解。大多数存在数据显示卸掉有相反的效果到通过普通发信号的小径装载。然而，一个问题至于是否留下对卸掉唯一的任何小径(并且不装载)可以存在。

简介：服务性行业在工业化国家采用工人的一个大、成长的比例，并且它逐渐地依赖于信息和通讯技术。当生产和服务的互相依赖，类似和补充是重要的时，商品和服务之间有可观的差别，包括在到集体定制的从大量生产的焦点的移动(一种服务由此响应一个顾客被生产并且交付，说了或把归咎于需要)。一般来说，服务能被认为是作为供应商一起工作的知识集中的代理人或部件，创造的消费者或共同生产珍视。象生产系统一样，一个有效服务系统一定是系统的一个综合系统，导致更大的连接和互相依赖。集成必须在物理、时间、组织上、功能的尺寸上发生，并且必须包括担心部件，管理，和系统的方法。而且，一个有效服务系统一定也是一个能适应的系统，导致更大的价值和应答的海角。改编必须发生在监视的尺寸上，反馈，控制论并且学习，并且必须包括担心空间，时间，和系统的方法。简言之，服务系统是确实复杂的，特别由于与如此的系统的以人为中心的方面联系的不确定性。而且，系统复杂性能仅仅被处理提高系统集成和改编的方法。纸与几卓见得出结论，包括转移开发为为进一步开发服务的一条系统工程途径的服务的一门科学或学科的当前的错放的焦点的一个请求，一条途径基于集成和改编大量科学或学科(例如，物理，数学，统计，心理学，社会学，等等)。事实上，被要求的，是服务相关的transdisciplinary-远非一个单身者所及纪律-本体论或分类作为纪律集成和改编的一个基础。

简介：完美的改编描述一个生物系统的能力在被环境骚乱影响以后精确恢复它的生物函数到不安前水平。算术地，有完美的改编的一个生物系统能作为输入产量被建模产量的非线性的系统，通常决定生物函数，在担心的所有输入骚乱下面是asymptotically稳定的。在这份报纸，相当一般的输入产量数学模型被雇用并且生物功能(FBF)功能-产量Lyapunov功能-被探索调查它的完美的改编能力。足够的状况与FBF为系统被建立完成完美的改编。然后，一个足够、必要的条件被获得让线性系统拥有一个输出Lyapunov函数。而且，这被显示出受体功能活动在E的完美的改编模型存在。coli趋化性。与存在不同完美的改编，其大多数基于控制理论的立场，上的数学调查我们首先用非线性的系统分析的方法调查这个问题。

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简介：Solution-drivenmeshadaptationisbecomingquitepopularforspatialerrorcontrolinthenumericalsimulationofcomplexcomputationalphysicsapplications,suchasclimatemodeling.Typically,spatialadaptationisachievedbyelementsubdivision(hadaptation)withaprimarygoalofresolvingthelocallengthscalesofinterest.Asec-ond,less-popularmethodofspatialadaptivityiscalled'meshmotion'(radaptation);thesmoothrepositioningofmeshnodepointsaimedatresizingexistingelementstocapturethelocallengthscales.Thispaperproposesanadaptationmethodbasedonacombinationofbothelementsubdivisionandnodepointrepositioning(rhadaptation).Bycombiningthesetwomethodsusingthenotionofamobilityfunction,theproposedapproachseekstoincreasetheflexibilityandextensibilityofmeshmotionalgorithmswhileprovidingasomewhatsmoothertransitionbetweenrefinedregionsthanispro-ducedbyelementsubdivisionalone.Further,inanattempttosupporttherequirementsofaverygeneralclassofclimatesimulationapplications,theproposedmethodisde-signedtoaccommodateunstructured,polygonalmeshtopologiesinadditiontothemostpopularmeshtypes.

简介：Todeterminetheclimatechangesthatareduetonaturalvariabilityandthoseduetohumanactivitiesisquitechallenging,justlikedelineatingtheimpacts.Moreover,itisequallydifficulttoascertaintheadaptivestrategiesforcopingwiththeclimatechangesandinparticularfordevelopingcountrieslikeKenya.Whileclimatechangeisaglobalphenomenon,theimpactsaremoreorlessspecifictolocalareassuchasobservedinKenyancase.Thereforeclimatechangeimpactsadaptationstrategiesareappropriatelyapplicabletoagivenlocalperspective.ThestudyinvestigatedthemainindicatorsofclimatechangeandeffectiveadaptivestrategiesthatcanbeemployedinKenya.Basedononlinequestionnairesurvey,thestudyestablishedunpredictablerainfallpatternsasthemajorindicatorofclimatechangeinthecountry,whilewaterharvestingandchangeofcroppingmethodsarethebestadaptivestrategies.

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简介：UniversalizationofhumanrightsistheresultofreviewingWorldWarIIandtheproofoftheadvancementofhumancivilization.Nevertheless,practiceandprotectionofhumanrightshavealwayschallengedstateauthorityunderthecontextofsovereignty.Theexpansionoftheinternationalhumanrightslawhasreflectedagrowingneedtoreexaminestateauthorityintermsofsovereigntylegitimacy,andtoplacefurtherconsiderationonthelegitimacyofmultilateralefforts.Thispaperarguesthat(1)auniqueattributeoftherighttopeaceisthatthesubjecttofulfillingtherightisanindividualaswellasastate.Italsodrivesadilemma:whilesustainingtherightisthedutyofastate,thestate’sassistingitscitizenstothepracticeoftherighttopeacemightbeconflictingtothefulfillmentofstateauthority;(2)itresultsfromtheviewthatthestateisregardedastheonlysubjecttopracticetheright.Assuch,thestatemightbemorelikelytoincludeindividualstopracticetherightfromahighervision,anddealwithpossibledisputesbetweenthepersonalrighttopeaceandthecommoninterestinsocietythroughtheruleoflaw.Thefindingsfurthersuggestthat(3)amaindeterminantofeffectinpracticeoftherighttopeaceconcernshowmultilateralandstateactorsaddressingthelegitimateproblemdeterminesthepracticeofhumanrightsnormsandthecompatibilitybetweeninternationalnormsandstateauthority.(4)TheevolutionfrommilitaryconflictstopeacefuldevelopmentacrosstheTaiwanStraitisaconcretepracticeoftherighttopeace.

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简介：Sportsvideoappealstolargeaudiencesduetoitshighcommercialpotentials.Automaticallyextractingusefulsemanticinformationandgeneratinghighlightsummaryfromsportsvideotofacilitateusers'accessingrequirementsisanimportantproblem,especiallyintheforthcomingbroadbandmobilecommunicationandtheneedforuserstoaccesstheirmultimediainformationofinterestfromanywhereatanytimewiththeirmostconvenientdigitalequipments.Inthispaper,asystemtogeneratehighlightsummariesorientedformobileapplicationsisintroduced,whichincludeshighlightextractionandvideoadaptation.Inthissystem,severalhighlightextractiontechniquesareprovidedforfieldsportsvideoandracketsportsvideobyusingmulti-modalinformation.Toenhanceusers'viewingexperienceandsavebandwidth,3Danimationfromhighlightsegmentisalsogenerated.Asanimportantproceduretomakevideoanalysisresultsuniversallyapplicable,videotranscodingtechniquesareappliedtoadaptthevideoformobilecommunicationenvironmentanduserpreference.Experimentalresultsareencouragingandshowtheadvantageandfeasibilityofthesystemformultimediacontentpersonalization,enhancementandadaptationtomeetdifferentuserpreferenceandnetwork/devicerequirements.

简介：Thebreakdownandfoundationofgeostrophicbalanceisoneoftheimportantmovementsinthemid-andhigh-latitudeatmosphereandoceans.Inthetropicalarea,thevalueofCoriolispa-rameterissosmallthatitisdifficulttosatisfythebi-geostrophicequilibriumbetweenthepressureandvelocityfields.However,inthetropicalarea,thezonalvelocityofsomemotionsintheatmo-sphereandoceansislarge,sotheCoriolisforceisnotsmall,geostrophicbalancecanexistinzonaldirection,i.e.semi-geostrophicbalance.Furthermore,inthedominantareaofHadleycirculationintheatmosphereortheareaneartheoceanmeridionalboundary,themeridionalvelocityislarge,sogeostrophicbalancecanalsoexistinmeridionaldirection.Inthispaper,theprocessofthedis-persionofinertialgravitywaveandthefoundationofsemi-geostrophicbalancearefirstdiscussed.Second,theadjustmentprocessbetweenthevelocityandpressurefieldsafteradaptationisalsoviewed,andthescalecriterionofthesemi-geostrophicadaptationisdiscussed,i.e.forthemotionwithmeridionalscalegreaterthantheequatorialRossbyradiusofdeformation,thevelocityandpressurefieldsafteradaptationchangetofittheinitialpressurefield;onthecontrary,thefieldschangetofittheinitialzonalvelocityfield,andthestrengthofthefieldsafteradaptationdependsonthezonalscale.

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简介：Intheconceptualframeworkofadaptationpolicyassessmenttoclimatechange,adaptationmeasurescanbecategorizedastwogroups:facilitationandimplementation.Facilitationmeasuresreferstoactivitiesthatenhanceadaptivecapacity,whileimplementationreferstoactivitiesthatactuallyavoidadverseclimateimpactsonasystembyreducingitsexposureorsensitivitytoclimatichazards,orbymoderatingrelevantnon-climaticfactors.Thispaperaimstoestablishamatrixofimplementationmeasuresofadaptationtoclimatechange,throughfourdifferentwayshowadaptationcaninfluencetherelevantelementsofclimatechange:reducingtheexposure,reducingthesensitivity,alleviatingtheadverseimpactsandreducingthenegativenon-climaticfactors,andthenfurtherdiscusstheparticularimplementationmeasuresofadaptationtoclimatechange,throughapplicationstudiesontheselectedsub-systems,intendtoorganizethedisorderedimplementationmeasuresinexistent,andputforwardsomenewmeasuresundertheguidanceofthismatrix,whichcouldenrichandpromotethesystemandcontentofimplementationmeasuresofadaptation.

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简介：TheyeastHAL1genewasintroducedintoArabidopsisthalianabyAgrobacteriumtumefaciens-mediatedtransformationwithvacuuminfiltrationunderthecontrolofCaMV35Spromoter.Thirty-threeindividualkanamycinresistantplantswereobtainedfrom75,000seeds.SouthernblottinganalysisindicatedthatHAL1genehadbeenintegratedintoallofthetransgenicplants'genomes.ThecopynumberofHAL1geneintransgenicplantswasmostly1to3bySouthernanalysis.Phenotypesoftransgenicplantshavenodifferenceswithwildtypeplants.Severalsamplesoftransformantswereself-pollinated,andprogeniesfromtransformedandnon-transformedplants(controls)wereevaluatedforsalttoleranceandgeneexpression.MeasurementofconcentrationsofintracellularK+andNa+showedthattransgeniclineswereabletoretainlessNa+thanthatofthecontrolundersaltstress.ResultsfromdifferenttestsindicatedtheexpressionofHAL1genepromotesahigherlevelofsalttoleranceinvivointhetransgenicArabidopsisplants.

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简介：Thispaperreviewstheprogressinclimatechangeadaptation(CCA)policiesbothundertheUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange(UNFCCC)andinmajorregionsandcountries,includingtheEUanditsmajormembercountries,theinfluentialdevelopedcountriesintheAsia-Pacificregion,theemergingeconomiesandtheleastdevelopedcountries(LDCs).TheprogressmadeinChinainCCApoliciesisalsoreviewedandcomparedwiththatinothercountries.Finally,goodinternationalpracticesareproposedforChina’spolicydevelopment.Itisfoundthatadaptationhasbeengiventhesamepriorityasmitigationsincethetwenty-firstcenturywithregardtoclimatechange-relatedactions.ThetopicsrelatedtoadaptationintheinternationalclimatechangenegotiationsundertheUNFCCChaveevolvedfrommechanismsforfinanceandtechnologydevelopmentandtransferexclusivelyintheearlystagestoimplementationofpracticaladaptationprogramsandactions.Since2006,majordevelopedanddevelopingcountrieshavefrequentlysetforwardspecificCCApoliciesorgeneralclimatechangepoliciesinvolvingadaptationintheformoflaws,frameworks,strategies,andplans.TheLDCshavealsobeenworkingonNationalAdaptationProgrammesofActionandsubsequentNationalAdaptationPlanswiththesupportfromthefinancialmechanismsundertheUNFCCC.Therefore,globally,ithasbecomeacommonpracticetodevelopnationalorregionalpoliciestoplanandguideCCAactions.Chinahasestablishedclimatechangepoliciesinvolvingadaptationatthenational,regional,andsectoriallevelssince2007.However,thesepolicieshavestronglimitationsintheirknowledgebase,strategicpositioning,contents,andimplementationmechanisms,e.g.lackofasoundknowledgebase,aninternationalperspective,clearresponsibilitiesforpolicyimplementation,andappropriatemonitoringandevaluationmechanisms.ItisrecommendedthatChinashouldfurtherstrengthenitstechnicalcapabilitiesinclimatechangeprojectionsaswellasimpact,vulnerabil

简介：有动人的平台的摇晃的桌子广泛地在实验室测试结构的模型和完整大小的设备被使用。在大多数情况中，平台运动应该复制真实地面加速记录。然而，站台的击，为真实记录的复制要求了，通常相当大。这限制不在摇晃的桌子边允许扎根的运动的一条精确认识。通常，以便克服这个问题，原来的记录被修改，它在加速记录系列引起一个重要变化。那是对原版并且到修改记录的结构的回答是不同的原因。为原来的加速记录的修正的一个新方法被建议，在哪个原来的记录被改变摇晃的平台排水量的另外的人工的改正。改正的记录作为推动的一个序列被获得。每推动的大小和持续时间，以及他们在时间的地点可伸缩，被一个优化过程获得。优化根据一个表演索引被实现，试图在原来的光谱上最小化改正的加速记录的影响。建议方法有更高的繁殖精确性，与另外的已知的方法相比。它的有效性被反应系列的比较和受到自然、修改的地震刺激的三有多层楼的结构的动态行为表明。