简介:Basedonthestatisticsofsurfacedrifterdataof1979–2011andthesimulationofnuclearpollutantparticulatemovementssimulatedusinghighqualityoceanreanalysissurfacecurrentdataset,thetransportpathwaysandimpactstrengthofFukushimanuclearpollutantsintheNorthPacifichavebeenestimated.Theparticulatesareusedtoincreasethesamplingsizeandenhancetherepresentativenessofstatisticalresults.Thetrajectoriesofthedriftersandparticulatesarefirstexaminedtoidentifytypicaldriftingpathways.Theresultsshowthattherearethreetypesoftransportpathsfornuclearpollutantsatthesurface:1)mostpollutantparticlesmoveeastwardandarecarriedbytheKuroshioandKuroshio-extensioncurrentsandreachtheeastsideoftheNorthPacificafterabout3.2–3.9years;2)someparticlestravelwiththesubtropicalcirculationbranchandreachtheeastcoastofChinaafterabout1.6yearsaccordingtoonedriftertrajectoryandabout3.6yearsaccordingtoparticulatetrajectories;3)alittleofthemtravelwithlocal,smallscalecirculationsandreachtheeastcoastofChinaafterabout1.3–1.8years.Basedontheparticulates,theimpactstrengthofnuclearpollutantsatthesetimescalescanbeestimatedaccordingtothetemporalvariationsofrelativeconcentrationcombinedwiththeradioactivedecayrate.Forexample,Cesium-137,carriedbythestrongNorthPacificcurrent,mainlyaccumulatesintheeasternNorthPacificanditsimpactstrengthis4%oftheinitiallevelattheoriginatingFukushimaareaafter4years.Duetolocaleddies,Cesium-137inthewesternNorthPacificis1%oftheinitialpollutantlevelafter1.5yearsandcontinuouslyincreasesto3%after4years.Theverticalmovementofradioactivepollutantsisnottakenintoaccountinthepresentstudy,andtheestimationaccuracywouldbeimprovedbyconsideringthree-dimensionalflows.
简介:放弃的黄河三角洲(AYRD)的三角洲进化和侵蚀过程广泛地被学习了。然而,在沿着江苏的北方海岸的大沿岸的规模的沉积的变化少些被理解。在这研究,在2006和2012在黄河三角洲的沿岸的区域获得的表面沉积样品的数据被用来由使用geostatistics分析工具和谷物尺寸趋势学习沉积可变性和沉积运输趋势分析模型。为了保证模型,的适用性,geostatistics方法被用来决定典型距离(D<潜水艇class=“a-plus-plus”>有谷物尺寸参数的平均范围价值(Ao)的c)。过滤方法(搬迁数据不在一个采样车站)被用来改进数据的精确性选择。结果在Lianyun港口区域和放弃的黄河三角洲的南部的部分显示出那沉积空间关联(作为)在放弃的黄河三角洲的北部分比那好(一)。在区域的沉积被发现是在东北东南方向的anisotropy。谷物尺寸趋势分析表明沉积趋势向bayhead并且在Haizhou海湾南方,在东南沿着在南方Lianyun的海岸线移植,在西北在里面一and在东方在东南在里面作为分别地。在D之间的可能的关系的调查<潜水艇class=“a-plus-plus”>c,Ao,沉积运输和三角洲进化显示出在D之间的一个靠近的连接<潜水艇class=“a-plus-plus”>c和一沉积联合的Ao。沉积运输趋势能相当代表三角洲进化到某个度,这也被发现。
简介:ThewaveCoriolis-Stokes-Force-modifiedoceanmomentumequationsarereviewedinthispaperandthewaveStokestransportispointedouttobepartoftheoceancirculations.UsingtheEuropeanCentreforMedium-RangeWeatherForecasts40-yearreanalysisdata(ERA-40data)andtheSimpleOceanDataAssimilation(SODA)version2.2.4data,themagnitudeofthistransportiscomparedwiththatofwind-drivenSverdruptransportanda5-to-10-precentcontributionbythewaveStokestransportisfound.Bothtransportsarestrongerinborealwinterthaninsummers.Thewaveeffectcanbeeithercontributionorcancellationindifferentseasons.ExaminationwithKuroshiotransportverifiessimilarseasonalvariations.Theclarificationoftheefficientwaveboundaryconditionhelpstounderstandtheroleofwavesinmasstransport.Itactsassurfacewindstressandcanbefunctionaldowntothebottomoftheageostrophiclayer.Thepumpingvelocitiesresultingfromwave-inducedstressarezonallydistributedandaresignificantinrelativelyhighlatitudes.Furtherworkwillfocusonthemodelperformanceofthewave-stress-changed-boundaryandtheroleofswellsintheeasternpartoftheoceans.
简介:在电的运输性质上评估Ni替换的影响,p类型skutteruditesRyFe3NiSb12(R=Ba,Nd和Yb)系统地从2.5K被调查到800K。由小心地修改三fillers,Ba,Nd和Yb的充满的部分,搬运人集中精确被调整,它按比例改变到数统治的原子价计算的名字的价值。活动性和Seebeck系数的搬运人集中依赖表示在原子价乐队的二乐队贡献,和为热电的性能的优化搬运人集中在之间(5–9)×1020厘米−3。样品的热电导率用稀土元素的元素(Nd和Yb)填满的格子作为与相比显著地更低充满Ba,由于更低的反响的频率并且部分充满。与公司替换相比,Ni替换趋于关上乐队差距,它为RyFe3NiSb12。然而由于状态的密度的改进,当搬运人集中是类似的时,RyFe3NiSb12比RyFe2公司2在更低的温度范围的Sb12。0.73的ZT价值为Yb0.77Fe3在600K的NiSb12。
简介:经由到河口的河的器官的碳的运输是在全球碳周期的一个重要geochemical过程。这份报纸论述体积总数从Dongjiang集水的器官的碳(TOC)到邻近的Humen插头,并且在表面沉积为有机物的来源作为指示物讨论13C的适用性和碳的比率到氮(C/N)。调查结果证明在夏天的器官的碳集中比在冬季高。TOC的一个提高的趋势在调查,和最高吝啬的价值沿着河发生了到Humen插头溶解,特别的器官的碳(DOC279摩尔L1和POC163摩尔L1)在夏天洪水流动在城市的三角形的区域被观察。冬季样品有大量13C和C/N(13C24.6~30.0,C/N413),并且夏天一稍微变化了(13C24.2~27.6,C/N618)。当结果建议在upstream-delta-outlet的三个地区的那个停靠港主导地来自河岸土壤,浮游植物和农业C3在冬季种,而主要来源在夏天从河岸和红树属植物土壤。而且,人为的污水输入有11%和7%贡献到停靠港在三角形并且插头。伴有季节的淡水变化,浮游植物生产和降级的运输,和移动行为引起了器官的碳集中的变化。结果也发现在Dongjiang的那TOC出口体积是在干燥流动的Humen流动的约一个季度,并且人为的活动显著地影响了河出口贡献。
简介:在这研究,有机物(OM)和在来自北华南海(SCS)的表面沉积的类脂化合物biomarkers的内容和分发被识别揭示有细密纹理的沉积的来源和运输。有机物和类脂化合物biomarkers在北SCS展出了不同空间变化。来自在西南的台湾的珍珠河和一些多山的河的陆上的分泌物可以在相应的海区域贡献相对高的有机物。不饱和的丰满的酸相当或相同事物的察觉建议了海藻或细菌的OM贡献到表面沉积。类脂化合物biomarkers的composites和分发从陆上的植物显示他们的混合来源,海洋的水藻并且细菌。和在沉积的泥土矿物质composites的证明,结果建议包括广东沿海的水流和自台湾东面的菲律宾海流向日本的暖流电流,水流在北SCS控制陆上的沉积和沉积环境的运输和分发。
简介:Atwo-dimensionalhybridcodeisdevelopedtomodelthetransportofahigh-currentelectronbeaminadenseplasmatarget.Thebeamelectronsaretreatedasparticlesanddescribedbyparticle-in-cellsimulationincludingcollisionswiththetargetplasmaparticles.Thebackgroundtargetplasmaisassumedtobeastationaryfluidwithtemperaturevariations.Thereturncurrentandtheself-generatedelectricandmagneticfieldsareobtainedbycombiningAmpere’slawwithoutthedisplacementcurrent,theresistiveOhm’slawandFaraday’slaw.Theequationsaresolvedintwo-dimensionalcylindricalgeometrywithrotationalsymmetryonaregulargrid,withcenteredspatialdifferencingandfirst-orderimplicittimedifferencing.Thealgorithmsimplementedinthecodearedescribed,andanumericalexperimentisperformedforanelectronbeamwithMaxwelliandistributionejectedintoauniformdeuterium-tritiumplasmatarget.
简介:Coastlinesareundergoingconstantgeomorphologicchangeswithrespecttotheincidentwaveclimate.Basedonwavesmeasuredat9mwaterdepth,simulationofnearshorewavetransformationisdoneusingREFDIF-1numericalmodelandthenearshorebreakerparametersareestimatedattwomicro-tidalbeachesalongcentralwestcoastofIndia.Modelresultsarevalidatedwithmeasuredvalues.Fromthebreakerparameters,long-shorecurrentandlong-shoresedimenttransportrates(LSTR)arecomputedbyusingsemi-empiricalequations.Estimatedlong-shorecurrentandLSTRareshowingdramaticvariationswithrespecttoseasons.PredominantdirectionofLSTRisobservedtowardsnorthsincetheapproachwavesarefromsouth-westdirectionduringpre-monsoonandpostmonsoon.Duringmonsoonseason,wavesarefromwestsouth-westandresultedinsoutherlytransport.TheestimatedannualnetandgrossLSTRbyCambridgeEnvironmentalResearchConsultants(CERC)attwolocationsareinthesameorderwhereasLSTRestimatedbyWalton&BrunoandKamphuisequationsareshowingdifferentestimationsbecauseofdifferenceinsurf-zonewidthandforeshoreslopebetweenthetwolocations.Formicro-tidalbeacheswithlengthlessthan6km,KamphuisequationisgivingagreeableestimationofLSTR.SensitivityanalysisofLSTRestimateshowsthatcoastalinclinationistheprominentfactorindeterminingLSTRthanincidentwaveangle.