简介：微小RNAs（MicroRNAs，简称miRNAs）是长度为18～25个核苷酸的内源性非编码小分子RNA，通过剪切mRNA、调节靶基因、抑制蛋白质翻译，进而调控多种生物学行为，如发育进程、干细胞分化、细胞凋亡、疾病以及肿瘤的发生。本文将介绍miRNAs作为原癌基因或抑癌基因参与人类乳腺癌发生、发展及扩散转移的研究进展，并对人类现有miRNAs作为肿瘤基因诊治的应用情况作一简述。

简介：微小RNA（microRNA，miRNA）是来源于内源性发卡型转录本的单链非编码RNA，长度约22nt，通过抑制或降解靶信使RNA（mRNA）的方式执行转录后基因调控作用。有研究表明，miRNA与生物的发育进程[1]、造血过程[2]、细胞生长分化与凋亡[3]、脂肪代谢H等生命过程有密切关系。

简介：摘要酒精性肝病(ALD)是一个全球性健康问题。长期饮酒会导致脂肪肝和炎症，进而可能发展为肝纤维化、肝硬化或肝癌。目前其机制尚不完全清楚，并且缺乏有效治疗药物。越来越多的证据表明，微小RNA(miRNA，miR)在ALD不同阶段都发挥了重要作用。现就近年来多种miRNAs在ALD不同阶段中的作用的研究进展进行综述，并对miRNA在ALD中的应用前景进行展望。

简介：摘要目的脓毒症是由感染引起的一种全身炎症性疾病，累及肺脏会发展为急性肺损伤或急性呼吸窘迫综合征。脓毒症急性肺损伤是重症监护室常见危重症之一，常表现为顽固性低氧血症、弥漫性双肺炎症浸润、肺水肿等，其发病机制复杂，目前缺乏特异性的治疗方法。微小RNA(microRNA，miRNA)是一种非编码基因调控因子，参与调控机体的各种生理及病理过程，包括脓毒症急性肺损伤。现简要概述脓毒症急性肺损伤的病理生理机制，总结急性肺损伤过程中miRNAs对肺泡巨噬细胞、上皮细胞、内皮细胞的调控机制，最后综合阐述了miRNAs用于治疗脓毒症急性肺损伤的现状及未来的方向。

简介：摘要近年来，多项研究结果显示：微小RNAs（miRNAs）在胰腺组织、胰腺癌细胞和胰腺癌耐药细胞中具有差异性表达，且miRNAs可通过对下游靶基因的作用改变胰腺癌细胞对化疗药物敏感性。肿瘤的耐药分子机制错综复杂，在胰腺癌耐药中，miRNAs可以通过影响胰腺癌细胞中上皮-间质转化、DNA的损伤和修复、下游信号通路、非编码RNA、相关编码基因、胰腺癌干细胞等机制介导胰腺癌耐药。因此，对胰腺癌耐药机制及相关miRNAs的探讨有助于寻找新的抗耐药治疗方法，笔者通过对参与调控胰腺癌化疗药物耐药的外泌体miRNAs进行总结，为临床治疗胰腺癌提供理论支持和寻找新靶向治疗方案。

简介：摘要微小RNAs （miRNAs）是一类内源性小型非编码RNA，可通过调控靶基因表达参与大多数生物学过程。近年来，miRNAs在肝癌发生发展进程中相关作用机制的研究逐渐深入，miRNAs作为其中关键调控因子和主要参与者，已成为肝癌早期诊断、靶向治疗和预后评估中的一个关键靶标。本文着重强调miRNAs在肝癌发生发展、多重耐药性中的作用以及作为肝癌潜在治疗靶点的价值，并就miRNAs在肝癌中的功能、分子作用通路以及应用三方面的相关研究进展进行综述。

简介：摘要外泌体(exos)作为一种直径在40～150 nm之间的细胞外囊泡，在介导细胞间通讯中扮演着重要角色。新的证据表明，肿瘤细胞分泌的exos(TEXs)可通过传递微小RNAs对肿瘤微环境中的免疫细胞进行驯化，使其处于免疫抑制状态，从而为肿瘤的生长、进展和转移提供有利支持。本综述旨在对TEXs微小RNAs在介导肿瘤免疫抑制中的研究进展进行总结，从而为深入理解肿瘤微环境中TEXs介导的肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞的"crosstalk"提供参考。

简介：摘要支气管肺发育不良(bronchopulmonary dysplasia，BPD)是新生儿常见的慢性肺部疾病。其不仅影响患儿的生活质量，而且带来的并发症对患儿未来的生长发育存在一定影响，但目前仍缺乏特效的防治措施。微小RNAs(microRNAs，miRNAs)是一类细胞内源性小分子非编码RNA，近几年发现一些异常表达的miRNAs通过调控细胞凋亡途径从而参与BPD的发病过程，但其具体的致病环节和作用机制还不够系统、清晰。本文将针对BPD发病过程中参与细胞凋亡的miRNAs分子机制进行综述，为探索BPD新型诊疗方法提供一定的理论基础。

简介：摘要支气管肺发育不良(bronchopulmonary dysplasia，BPD)是新生儿常见的慢性肺部疾病。其不仅影响患儿的生活质量，而且带来的并发症对患儿未来的生长发育存在一定影响，但目前仍缺乏特效的防治措施。微小RNAs(microRNAs，miRNAs)是一类细胞内源性小分子非编码RNA，近几年发现一些异常表达的miRNAs通过调控细胞凋亡途径从而参与BPD的发病过程，但其具体的致病环节和作用机制还不够系统、清晰。本文将针对BPD发病过程中参与细胞凋亡的miRNAs分子机制进行综述，为探索BPD新型诊疗方法提供一定的理论基础。

简介：AsanewlydiscoveredtypeofRNA,circularRNAs(circRNAs)arewidespreadthroughouttheeukaryoticgenome.TheexpressionofcircRNAsisregulatedbybothcis-elementsandtrans-factors,andtheexpressionpatternofcircRNAsiscelltype-anddiseasespecific.Similartoothertypesofnon-codingRNAs,functionsofcircRNAsarealsoversatile.CircRNAshavebeenreportedpreviouslytofunctionasmicroRNA(miRNA)sponges,proteinsponges,codingRNAsorscaffoldsforproteincomplexes.Recently,severalcircRNAshavebeenreportedtoplayimportantrolesinhumanmalignancies,includingglioma.Here,wereviewedseveralreportsrelatedtocircRNAsandglioma,aswellasthepotentialdiagnosticandtherapeuticapplicationsofcircRNAsinbraincancer.Ingeneral,somecircRNAs,suchascircSMARCA5andcircCFH,arefoundtobeexpressedinagliomaspecificpattern,thesecircRNAsmaybeusedastumorbiomarkers.Inaddition,somecircRNAshavebeenfoundtoplayoncogenicrolesinglioma(e.g.,circNFIXandcircNT5E),whereasothershavebeenreportedtofunctionastumorsuppressors(e.g.,circFBXW7andcircSHPRH).Furthermore,circRNAisagoodtoolforproteinexpressionbecauseofitshigherstabilitycomparedtolinearRNAs.Thus,circRNAsmayalsobeanidealchoiceforgene/proteindeliveryinfuturebraincancertherapies.TherearesomechallengesincircRNAresearchingliomaandotherdiseases.ResearchrelatedtocircRNAsingliomaiscomparativelynewandmanymysteriesremaintobesolved.

简介：摘要目的探讨垂体生长激素(GH)细胞腺瘤中差异表达的微小RNAs(miRNAs)及其靶基因的生物学功能和两者的调控关系。方法利用miRDB、miRwalk、Targetscan7.2及starbase数据库对差异表达的miRNAs进行靶基因预测并对靶基因进行GO、KEGG和蛋白-蛋白相互作用网(PPI)分析，随后筛选出有意义的核心靶基因，取核心靶基因和数据库的mRNAs测序结果进行对比，构建可视化的miRNAs-靶基因调控关系网。结果以蛋白相互作用程度≥20为标准，本研究得到113个上调的miRNAs核心靶基因和128个下调的miRNAs核心靶基因，进一步取交集得到13个目的核心靶基因，这些基因主要涉及的通路为泛素介导蛋白水解通路，其相对应的调控miRNAs为miR-15b、miR-365、miR-32-3p、miR-486-5p。结论本研究应用生物信息学分析工具构建了与GH细胞腺瘤密切相关的miRNAs-核心靶基因相互调控网，发掘了一些可能与GH细胞腺瘤发病机制和病理过程有关的蛋白和通路。

简介：无

简介：AIM:ToscreenmicroRNAs（miRNAs）andsetuptargetmiRNAsinpterygium.METHODS:PrimaryfibroblastswereisolatedfrompterygiumandTenon’scapsuleandcultured.ImmunocytochemicalanalysisandWesternblottingwereperformedtoconfirmthecultureoffibroblasts.Inall,1733miRNAswerescreenedinthefirststepbyusingGeneChip?miRNA3.0Array.SpecificmiRNAsinvolvedinthepathogenesisofpterygiumweresubsequentlydeterminedusingthefollowingcriteria:1)highreproducibilityinarepetitivetest;2)baselogvalueof>7.0forbothcontrolandpterygialfibroblasts;and3)logratioof>1.0betweenpterygialfibroblastsandcontrolfibroblasts.RESULTS:Primaryscreeningshowedthat887/1733miRNAswereup-regulatedand846/1733miRNAsweredown-regulatedinpterygialfibroblastscomparedwiththoseincontrolfibroblasts.Ofthe1733miRNAsscreened,4miRNAs,namely,miRNA-143a-3p,miRNA-181a-2-3p,miRNA-377-5pandmiRNA-411a-5p,mettheabove-mentionedcriteria.Primaryscreeningshowedthatthese4miRNAswereup-regulatedinpterygialfibroblastscomparedwithcontrolfibroblastsandthatmiRNA-143a-3phadthehighestmeanratiocomparedwiththemiRNAsincontrolfibroblasts.CONCLUSION:miRNA-143a-3p,miRNA-181a-2-3p,miRNA-377-5pandmiRNA-411a-5pareup-regulatedinpterygialfibroblastscomparedwithcontrolfibroblasts,suggestingtheirinvolvementinthepathogenesisofpterygium.

简介：活动过度的雄激素受体(AR)活动仍然是前列腺癌症和电阻的发作和前进的一个关键决定因素到当前的治疗。管理的机制阉割抵抗前列腺癌症糟糕被理解，但是定义这些分子的事件是必要的以便从前列腺癌症影响死亡。杨等。表明知道是在治疗的overexpressed的那二lnc-RNAs抵抗前列腺癌症，PRNCR1(也作为PCAT8知道)并且PCGEM1，跳到AR提高ligand依赖、ligand独立的AR基因表示和这些相互作用的顺序包含了的前列腺癌症cells.1的增长到acetylatedAR和DOT1L的一个随后的协会的PRNCR1的绑定，为lncRNAPCGEM1的顺序的招募被要求到AR氨基的终点，它接着被遇见

简介：AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs) constitute a novel class of endogenous noncoding RNAs characterized by a covalently closed structure and involved in multiple biological processes. The main biological functions and properties of circRNAs can be defined by five features: a "sponging" effect on other RNA species, post-transcriptional regulation, rolling circle translation, generation of pseudogenes, and splicing interference. Although circRNAs were first detected decades ago, the role of circRNAs and the mechanisms underlying their actions remain incompletely characterized. Recently, circRNAs were reported to play indispensable roles in regulating metabolic and signal transduction events controlling the proliferation, migration, and survival of cells. Importantly, many studies demonstrated that dysregulated circRNA expression is associated with the development of multiple diseases, including cancer. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the roles and mechanisms of circRNAs in cancer and discuss their functions as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in different tumor types.

简介：无

简介：BackgroundCircularRNAs(circRNAs)areendogenousnon-codingRNAsthatparticipateinregulatinggeneexpressionindiversebiologicalandpathologicalprocesses.TherolesofcircRNAsinatrialfibrillation(AF)havenotbeenwellelucidated.Inthepresentstudy,circRNAsprofileintheatrialappendagesofpatientswithAFwasexamined.MethodsHematoxylin-eosin(HE)andMassontrichromestainingwasperformedontheatrialappendagesofpatientswithsinusrhythm(SR)orAF.Expressionsoffibrosis,rennin-angiotensin-aldosteronesystem(RAAS)andinflammation-associatedgenesweredeterminedbyquantitativereversetranscriptionPCR(qRT-PCR).CircRNAsexpressionprofileinatrialappendageswasdetectedbycircRNAsmicroarray.qRT-PCRwasalsousedtodeterminetheexpressionof6representativedys-regulatedcircRNAs.PCRproductsofconcernedcircRNAswerefurtheridentifiedbygelelectrophoresisandDNAsequencingassay.ResultsMassontrichromestainingresultshowedthatfibrosiswasincreasedintheatrialappendagesofAFpatients.Thelevelsofcol1a1,Col3a1,fibrinectin-1(FN1),IL1-βandCRPmRNAexpressionweresignificantlyup-regulatedintheatrialappendagesofAFpatients.AcircRNAsarrayrevealedthatcircRNAsweredysregulatedintheatrialappendagesofAFpatients.qRT-PCRresultsdemonstratedthatcircRNA_100395wasup-regulated,circRNA_101270,circRNA_103820,circRNA_104168andcircRNA_100782weredown-regulatedsignificantlyintheatrialappendagesofAFpatientscomparedtoSRpatients.ConclusionsFibrosisandinflammationoccurintheatrialappendagesofAFpatients,whichcouldrelatetocircRNAsdysregulation.

简介：Livercancer,primarilyhepatocellularcarcinoma(HCC),isamajorcauseofcancer-relateddeathworldwide.HCCisasuitablemodelofinflammation-inducedcancerbecausemorethan90%ofHCCcasesarecausedbyliverdamageandchronicinflammation.Severalinflammatoryresponsepathways,suchasNF-κBandJAK/STAT3signalingpathways,playrolesinthecrosstalkbetweeninflammationandHCC.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)areevolutionarilyconserved,shortendogenous,non-codingsingle-strandedRNAsthatareinvolvedinvariousbiologicalandpathologicalprocessesbyregulatinggeneexpressionandproteintranslation.EvidenceshowedthatmiRNAsplayapivotalroleinhepatitisvirusinfectionandserveaspromotersorinhibitorsofinflammatoryresponse.AberrantmiRNAwasobservedduringliverinflammationandHCC.ManydysregulatedmiRNAsmodulatetheinitiationandprogressionofinflammation-inducedHCC.ThisreviewsummarizestheroleandfunctionsofmiRNAsininflammation-associatedHCC,aswellasthedesignedtherapeuticstargetingmiRNAstotreatliverinflammationandHCC.

简介：AbstractIncreasing evidence suggests that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are of vital importance for various biological processes, and dysregulation of lncRNAs is frequently associated with various diseases such as psoriasis. LncRNAs modulate gene expression at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and translational levels; however, the specific regulatory mechanisms of lncRNAs in psoriasis remain largely unexplored. This review provides an overview of recent studies investigating mechanisms and functions of lncRNAs in psoriasis, especially focusing on the role of lncRNAs in keratinocytes, T cells, and dendritic cells.

简介：她和他都是学霸。他们在学业上一直在赛跑，她第一，他第二。工作后，他遥遥领先，她紧追其后．后来，两人结婚了、她问：“为什么读书的时候我厉害点儿，工作后你会逆袭？”他答：“傻瓜，我在为你努力。读书的时候，追着你不放。只想离你近点。现在超越你，只是想告诉你，只有我才配得上你。”