简介：ThecentralpurposeofthispaperistoexplainhowDarwin′stheoryofevolutionbynaturalselectioncanbeusedinunderstandingcurrenthumanbehaviour.First,Darwin′slogicisbrieflydescribed.Developmentisanimportantissuewhenapplyingevolutionarytheorytohumanbehaviour.Thenotionofinnatedevelopmentalorganizationofpsychologicalmechanismsisintroduced.Thepossiblesocialandpoliticaloutcomesproducedwhendifferentlevelsofinnatedevelopmentalorganizationarepairedwithdifferentbeliefsaboutitareconsidered.Thenotionofpsychologicalmechanismsasevolvedadaptationsisconsideredinsomedetail.ThenIdiscussdifferentwaysevolutioniststhinkabouthowgenesareinvolvedinthedevelopmentofadaptations.Thepaperconcludeswithaframeworkforconsideringhowancestraladaptationsfunctionincurrentenvironmentsandoutlinessomewaysofstudyingthem.InChinaandmanyotherpartsoftheworldpeopledesireamoreharmonioussociety.Ihopethatthispaperwillbeofsomesmallhelpinachievingthisgreattask.