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简介：Background:Attentionhasrecentlybeendrawntotheissueoftransboundaryinvasions,wherespeciesintroducedandnaturalizedinonecountrycrossinternationalbordersandbecomeproblematicinneighbouringcountries.Robustmodellingframeworks,abletoidentifytheenvironmentaldriversofinvasionandforecastthecurrentandfuturepotentialdistributionofinvasivespecies,areneededtostudyandmanageinvasions.Limitationsduetothelackofspeciesdistributionandenvironmentaldata,orassumptionsofmodellingtools,oftenconstrainthereliabilityofmodelpredictions.Methods:Wepresentamultiscalespatialmodellingframeworkfortransboundaryinvasions,incorporatingrobustmodellingframeworks(MultimodelInferenceandEnsembleModelling)toovercomesomeofthelimitations.TheframeworkisillustratedusingHakeasericeaSchrad.(Proteaceae),ashruborsmalltreenativetoAustraliaandinvasiveinseveralregionsoftheworld,includingtheIberianPeninsula.Twostudyscaleswereconsidered:regionalscale(westernIberia,includingmainlandPortugalandGalicia)andlocalscale(northwestPortugal).Attheregionalscale,therelativeimportanceofenvironmentalpredictorssetswasevaluatedandrankedtodeterminethemaingeneraldriversforthespeciesdistribution,whiletheimportanceofeachenvironmentalpredictorwasassessedatthelocalscale.ThepotentialdistributionofH.sericeawasspatiallyprojectedforbothscaleareas.Results:ModelprojectionsforwesternIberiasuggestthatalargeareaisenvironmentallysuitableinbothPortugalandSpain.Climateandlandscapecompositionsetswerethemostimportantdeterminantsofthisregionaldistributionofthespecies.Conversely,ageologicalpredictor(schistlithology)wasmoreimportantinexplainingitslocal-scaledistribution.Conclusions:AfterbeingintroducedtoPortugal,H.sericeahasbecomeatransboundaryinvaderbyexpandinginpartsofGalicia(Spain).ThefactthatalargerareaispredictedasenvironmentallysuitableinSpainraisesconcern

简介：Restoringdegradedforestsandagriculturallandshasbecomeaglobalconservationpriority.Agrowingnumberoftoolscanquantifyecosystemservicetradeoffsassociatedwithforestrestoration.Thisevolving'toolslandscape'presentsadilemma:moretoolsareavailable,butselectingappropriatetoolshasbecomemorechallenging.WepresentaRestorationEcosystemServiceToolSelector(RESTS)frameworkthatdescribeskeycharacteristicsof13ecosystemserviceassessmenttools.Analystsenterinformationabouttheirdecisioncontext,servicestobeanalyzed,anddesiredoutputs.Toolsarefilteredandpresentedbasedonfiveevaluativecriteria:scalability,cost,timerequirements,handlingofuncertainty,andapplicabilitytobenefit-costanalysis.RESTSusesaspreadsheetinterfacebutaweb-basedinterfaceisplanned.Giventherapidevolutionofecosystemservicesscience,RESTSprovidesanadaptableframeworktoguideforestrestorationdecisionmakerstowardtoolsthatcanhelpquantifyecosystemservicesinsupportofrestoration.

简介：Chinaisoneofthelargestcountriesintheworldintermsofplantedforestsarea.Plantedforestsplayanimportantroleinsoilandwaterconservation,foodsource,timbersupplyandenergysecurity,buttherearestillmanyproblemswaitingforimmediateresolution.BasedonthecurrentdevelopmentstatusofplantedforestinChina,thepapermadeancomprehensiveanalysisforthepositiveimpactandexistingproblemswithregardtoplantedforests,andthencameupwithpolicyrecommendationsforprom...

简介：钴(公司)在自然地发生在重要数量存在锰(Mn)氧化物并且改变Mn氧化物晶体的生长。四分层的Mn氧化物，Na-buserite(Na公共汽车)并且三共同做从Mn的氧化准备的Na-buserite样品(哦)2与5%，10%，和20%Co/(Mn+公司)臼齿的比率(5Co-Na-bus，10Co-Na-bus，和20Co-Na-bus)，被用来准备todorokite，地球的表面上的普通Mn氧化物，把Mg2+/Co2+离子用作一个模板。结果证明todorokites能被交换Mg2+的非做的Na-buserite的倒流处理获得，三共同做在气压的Na-buserites。然而，todorokites的形成被交换Co2+的Na公共汽车，5Co-Na-bus，和10Co-Na-bus样品的倒流处理禁止。相反，todorokite被交换Co2+的20Co-Na-bus样品的倒流处理在气压下面获得。X光检查光电子光谱学分析证明做的公司在做的Na-buserites的MnO6层作为Co3+存在。在MnO6层的代替的Co3+的数量可以作为一个模板用Co2+离子在buserite的变换起一个关键作用到todorokite。