简介：AbstractDecidualization is the differentiation of endometrial stromal cells into secretory decidual stromal cells. Human decidualization involves some amount of signaling molecules and pathways as well as genetic reprogramming, which is driven by the postovulatory rise in progesterone levels and local cyclic adenosine monophosphate production. Decidualization extends from the primary decidual zone to the secondary decidual zone, and then exits through apoptosis. Evidences support that decidual fibroblasts function as the pool of decidual stromal cells during pregnancy. Decidualization undergoes an acute inflammatory phase, an anti-inflammatory secretory phase to the final recession phase. The decidualization of the inner layer of endometrium, termed decidua, is the most critical determinant of pregnancy success, which can promote placenta formation, modulate immune tolerance, foster resistance to oxidative stress, sense embryo quality, and control labor. Failure to adequate decidualization in terms of hormones, biochemistry, and immunology leads to adverse pregnancy outcomes, including diseases such as preeclampsia, miscarriage, premature labor, repeated implantation failures, and some age-related decline in reproductive capacity. The development of animal models and in vitro culture systems combined with emerging technologies provides a powerful system to explore the mechanism of decidualization. However, decidualization is a dynamic, multi-step process, and translating of current research progress into disease predictions and interventions for pregnancy complications remains to be achieved. The study of periodic regeneration and spontaneous decidualization of the endometrium will be beneficial to the diagnosis and treatment of pregnancy diseases.

简介：AbstractIntroduction:Verrucous carcinoma is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma. It generally grows exogenously and bone erosion is rare. Here we present a case of verrucous carcinoma on the foot with toe absence.Case presentation:A 64-year-old man presented with a 6-year history of a slowly growing exogenous hyperkeratotic verrucous lesion on the right fifth toe, which had been absent for 1 year. Before the lesion appeared, he had undergone nail extraction on this toe. The culture of fungi and mycobacteria were negative. Three-dimensional computed tomography showed that the fifth toe of the right foot was absent. Histopathological examination showed that the lesion was exogenous and verrucous and exhibited moderate keratinocyte hyperplasia. Combined with clinical manifestation and histopathological examination, verrucous carcinoma is suggested. The lesion was surgically excised, and the patient was followed up for more than 6 months without recurrence.Discussion:Verrucous carcinoma is an exophytic tumor with verrucous growth at the beginning, which can invade deep tissues and even cause limb mutilation. When encountering a patient with a wart-like plaque on the foot that responds poorly to conventional treatments, clinicians should maintain a high degree of clinical vigilance and a low threshold for biopsy.Conclusion:We observed a rare outcome of toe absence associated with verrucous carcinoma. Therefore, early diagnosis of verrucous carcinoma is very important. Surgical excision is an effective treatment at present. Extensive resection is usually required to avoid recurrence.

简介：<正>IntroductionDeafnessisoneofthemostcommonotologicdiseasesandamajordiseasethatgreatlyimpactstheChinesepopulation.FromtheSecondNationalSampleSurveyofDisabledPersons,itisestimatedthatthereare27,800,000hearingdisabledpersonsinChina,about2.14%of

简介：AbstractPurpose:Trauma has been called the neglected disease of modern society. According to WHO, fall is the second major cause of trauma or deaths resulting from unintentional accidents. The aim of this study was to investigate the different types of fall according to International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10) in hospitalized patients visiting specialized accident and trauma hospitals of Mashhad, Iran.Methods:This was a cross sectional retrospective study performed between March 20, 2013 and March 20, 2014. The research population consisted of all medical records of patients for fall injuries in three specialized accident and trauma hospitals. ICD-10 was adopted to categorize all types of falls (w00-w19). The results obtained were analyzed by SPSS 16.Results:Altogether 7,448 cases were included. The codes w18 (fall on same level) and w09 (fall involving playground equipment) with the frequencies of 1,856 and 1,303, respectively in both genders had the maximum number of falls. The maximum percentage of mortality has been related to "fall on and from ladder" ," fall from cliff "and "fall on same level involving ice and snow" .Conclusion:As falls can cause irrecoverable injuries including mortality of people, thus health authorities and policymakers should take preventive measures given the causes of falls and the root of this type of injuries, so that the costs resulting from this cause and its injuries can be reduced.

简介：AbstractAspirin, one of the most widely applied medicines, not only possesses the effects on reducing fever, anti-vascular hyperplasia, and anti-inflammation, but also has the capacity of preventing platelet aggregation. So far, it is acceptable to adopt aspirin, especially low-dose aspirin (LDA), to prevent pregnancy-related complications, such as pregnancy complicated by antiphospholipid syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, or preeclampsia; unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion; fetal growth restriction; and preterm birth. In this article, we reviewed the possible mechanism of action and applications of aspirin in these pregnancy-related complications.

简介：BackgroundThepurposeofotomicrosurgeryinmoderntimesistoachievecompleteremovalofdisease,whichisthebasisforhearingrehabilitation.Artificialossiclesareimportantforhearingrehabilitation.Oneofthematerialsishydroxyapatitethatactsasossicularreplacementprosthesis(HAprosthesis,PORP&TORP)andiscommonlyusedassubstituteboneinclinics.AlthoughHAprosthesesfeaturegoodbiocompatibility,stabilityandcertainresistancetoinfection,thestructureofthematerialcanbedecomposedandabsorbed.Baseduponanimalexperimentsandclinicalapplication,thisarticleexplorestheinfectivityofHAprosthesesandinfluencingfactors.MaterialsandMethodsHAprostheseswereimplantedinthebullainguineapigs.InfectedHAprostheseswereexaminedunderascanningelectronmicroscope.NinetypatientsimplantedwithHAprostheseswerefollowedformorethan3months.Fivecasesthathadundergonerevisionoperationswerereported.ResultsScanningelectronicmicroscopyshowedthatthenormalcompactstructureshaddisappearedandbecomelooseininfectedHAprostheses,withtheirmicroporesinfiltratedwitheffusion,fibroustissueandinflammatorycells.Asaresult,thenormalceramicstructurewasdecomposedandthemicroporesstructuredisappeared.TheinfectedmesotympanuminthereportedcasesalsoledtoHAinfection.Theshapeandstructureofboneweredestroyed,whichwasvisiblebyvisualexaminationandlightmicroscopy.Theprocessofcholesteatomarecurrencewasalwaysassociatedwithinfection,althoughtheHAprosthesiswassometimesspared.ConclusionWhileHAprosthesisisanti-infectivetosomeextent,long-terminfectionandcholesteatomarecurrencecanleadtodestructionanddecompositionofHAprostheses.Long-terminfectedmiddleearcavity,dysfunctionalEustachiantube,residualandrecurrentcholesteatomaandotherfactorscancausedecompositionofHAprosthesisandresultinhearingloss.

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简介：Cancertreatmentssuchaschemotherapyandradiotherapyarewidelyusedtotreatprimaryandmetastaticcancers.Epidemiologicalstudieshavedemonstratedthatthesetypesoftreatmentcaneffectivelyandsuccessfullyextendthelifespanofcancerpatients,buttheyarealso

简介：ＩＮＳＩＴＵＬＡＢＥＬＩＮＧＡＰＯＰＴＯＳＩＳＩＮＢＲＥＡＳＴＣＡＮＣＥＲＡＳＲＥＬＡＴＥＤＴＯＰＲＯＧＮＯＳＩＳＷｕＪｉｏｎｇ吴炅ＳｈａｏＺｈｉｍｉｎ邵志敏ＪｉａｎｇＭｉｎｇ江明ＨａｎＱｉｘｉａ韩企夏ＺｈａｎｇＴｉｎｇｑｉｕ张廷ＳｈｅｎＺｈｅｎｚ...

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简介：Objective:Toinvestigatetheexpressionofimmune-relatedmoleculesinglioblastomamultiform(GBM)cells.Methods:Theexpressionofmajorhistocompatibilitycomplex(MHC),β2-microglobulin,Fas,CD80andCD86moleculesonthesurfaceofGBMcellswereevaluatedbyflowcytometry.TheexpressionofTAP-1,TAP-2andTapasinintheGBMcellswereevaluatedbyRT-PCRmethod.Results:MHCclassⅠ,β2microglobulin,TAP-1,TAP-2andtapasinwereexpressedinmostGBMcelllines.ExceptU87,therewasnoMHCclassⅡmoleculeexpressiononanyoftheotherGBMcelllines.FaswasexpressedonalltheGBMcelllinesexamined.Conclusion:ThemechanismbywhichGBMescapesimmunesurveillancemayinvolvedownregulationofexpressionofMHCclassⅠmoleculesandMHCclassⅡmolecules.MHCclassⅠpositiveGBMmaybethesuitabletargetofimmunotherapy.

简介：Deareditor,Itiswithgreatinterestthatwereadthearticle“Relationshipofcalcitoningene-relatedpeptidewithdiseaseprogressionandprognosisofpatientswithseveretraumaticbraininjury”(Chenetal.,2018).Inthisstudy,theauthorsevaluated121patientswhoweredividedintomild/moderatetraumaticbraininjury(TBI)(n=61),severeTBI(n=35)andcontrol(n=25)groups,andmeasuredserumlevelsofcalcitoningene-relatedpeptide(CGRP)andserumendothelin-1(ET-1).TheyfoundthatlowlevelsofCGRPandhighlevelsofET-1wereassociatedwithhighmortalityat6months.IdentificationofmorphologicalabnormalitiesonCTscansisveryimportantforevaluatingpatientswithTBIbecausedifferentdiagnosesaremadebasedondifferentimagingfindings(Maasetal.,2005).

简介：由使用DDRT-PCR和EST片断结扎，新奇老鼠胸腺复杂物联系了基因Rwddl被识别。读的框架编码了在N终点包含了一个RWD领域的243氨基酸残余的蛋白质。在胸腺的Rwddl表示在年老、氧化地强调的鼠标被减少。在thymocytes和thymic广泛地被表示被发现上皮的房间。Rwddl的表示水平能影响雄激素受体(AR)的transactivation活动在短暂地transfectedthymic上皮的房间。然而，没有直接相互作用能被荧光回声精力转移检测(烦恼)分析。在结论，Rwddl是胸腺复杂物可以间接地影响AR发信号的相关蛋白质小径。细胞与分子的免疫学。2008；5(4):279-285。

简介：AbstractMore evidences show that microRNAs play an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammation and autoimmune diseases including Lichen planus, and are an attractive therapeutic target. MicroRNA family plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression, which involves cell proliferation, apoptosis, growth, differentiation and metabolism, vascularization, immune response and other biological processes. The changes of expression profile and expression level are closely related to the occurrence and development of many diseases, such as tumor, inflammatory disease and autoimmune disease relevant. However, there are few reports on microRNA in the pathogenesis of LP. This review summarizes the research advance of microRNAs (microRNAs -137, microRNAs -125b, microRNAs -138, microRNAs-27b, microRNAs -203) and their downstream proteins in LP.

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简介：胆囊疾病在发达国家是很普通的。复杂胆石疾病代表外科定期为被倡导的胆汁的混乱最经常。关于，胆囊炎代表普通腹的外科的干预；它能作为选任的干预或紧急情况外科被执行，在坏疽，穿孔，腹膜炎或败血的情况中。现在，laparoscopic途径被喜欢甚于开的剖腹术。全球性，众多的胆囊炎每天被执行；然而，小证据都不关于对跟随这些干预的生活(QOL)的surgical以后质量的评价存在。为了估计胆囊炎以后的QOL，事实上，高质量的照顾的文档服从于报导病人的结果满足的扩大讨论，和使用因为优秀改进被倡导几年了。然而，几乎没有很少研究，关于跟随胆囊炎的QOL结果出版；另外，许多当前的文学在以病人为中心的结果上缺乏系统的数据。然后，尽管几个工具被用来在胆囊炎以后测量QOL，困难留在选择有意义的参数以便获得可再现的数据反映手术后的QOL。这研究的目的是在QOL上为胆囊疾病考察外科的影响。这评论在QOL后面的胆囊炎上包括当前的文学的Medline搜索。大多数研究证明征兆的病人比收到选任的干预的病人从外科更获利。因此，在没有症状的外科，和病人少些获利或可以甚至在QOL有减小以前，在QOL的获得取决于一般条件。

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简介：Objective:Toreportcomplicationsrelatedtoflaparoundimplantsaftercochlearimplantation,possiblecausesofsuchcomplicationsandtreatments.Methodsandmaterial:Weperformedaretrospectiveanalysisofchildreninwhomcomplicationsrelatedtoflaparoundimplantsoccurredafterundergoingcochlearimplantationinourdepartmentfrom2005to2016.Results:Complicationsamong1500cochlearimplantation(CI)recipientsbythesamesurgeonincludedhematoma(n?20)andseromaaroundimplants(n?15),ofwhichmost(n?10)recoveredin2weeksaftereffectivedrainage,utilityofantibioticsandpressuredressing,but5developedflapnecrosisandhadtoundergocontralateralre-implantation.Fourpatientsdevelopedabscessaroundimplants,ofwhom2recoveredafter2weeksofdrainage,gentamicinirrigationanduseofantibiotics,but2patientsendedupwithflapnecrosisandhadtoreceivecontralateralreimplantation.Conclusions:Immediatedrainage,pressuredressingandantibioticscanbeusedtoeffectivelycontrolseromaaroundimplants.Forseromalastingformorethantwoweekswithoutimprovement,surgicaldrainagemaybeneed.