简介:有一致形态学的新奇红射出的K2(Ge,Si)F6:Mn4+黄磷被一起沉淀方法综合。纯K2有P636阶段>除P3m1空间组以外的mc空间组就被Si的加入在K2在房间温度的GeF6根据XRD描述。薄片状的显示出的SEM图象和为K2GeF6:Mn4+和K2(Ge,Si)F6:Mn4+黄磷分别地。光致发光刺激(PLE)和光致发光(PL)在K2GeF6:Mn4+和K2(Ge,Si)F6:Mn4+系统。并且K2有Si的GeF6:Mn4+显示出一座强壮的山峰。同时水晶的地包围Mn4+变化能在这个氟化物系统影响腐烂时间。带的设备的颜色范围基于K2(Ge,Si)F6:Mn4+和K2分别地,GeF6:Mn4+到达了多达94.58%NTSC(国家电视标准委员会)和94.386%NTSC那基于氮化物红黄磷比那高得多。在K2(Ge,Si)F6:Mn4+黄磷的所有这些原来的特征作为为改善灯光和常规白LEDs的显示质量的红黄磷为潜在的应用是合乎需要的。
简介:80yearshaspassedsinceduplexstainlesssteelswerefirstproducedandnowtheyhavedevelopedintoanintegralserieswiththeeffortsonR&Danddevelopmentoftechnology.Intherecentdecade,duplexstainlesssteelshavebeenacceptedbymoreandmorecustomersandincreasinglyused.ThefirstduplexgradeproducedinSwedenwas453E(26Cr-5Ni)inthe1930s,andthendevelopedinto329.Thesetwogradeswerecharacterizedbyhighcarboncontentandcalledthefirstgenerationofduplexstainlesssteels.Atthattime,itwasverydifficulttoaddnitrogenintothesteelsandmaintainthephaseequilibrium,thusinfluencingtheapplicationproperties,forexample,intergranularcorrosionpostwelding.Onemethodtosolvethisproblemistoalterthechemicalcomposition,likeaddingnitrogen,etc.AndthatcametorealitywiththedevelopmentofAODandmetallurgicaltheoryofstainlesssteels.Newseriesofduplexgrades,calledthesecondandthirdgenerationsduplex,havesuccessivelyemergedsincethe1980s.Thesegradesarecharacterizedbyhighamountsofalloyingelements,likechromium,molybdenumandnitrogen.Furthermore,superduplexstainlessgrades,likeS32750,S32760andS32707,weredevelopedforvariousharshserviceenvironmentswiththeiroutstandingcorrosionresistanceandworkability.Thesegradespossesscorrosionresistancecorrespondingtosuperausteniticgrades,orclosetonickel-basealloys,andareusedinocean-engineering,seawaterdesalinationandoilindustries,etc.Andtheapplicationofduplexstainlesssteelisexpendingintootherindustries.Forinstance,453Eisusedinthepulp&paperindustry.2205(S32205),amedium-alloyedgrade,hasbecomethemosttypicaloneintheduplexstainlesssteelfamilyandwidelyusedinmanyindustrieslikepulp&paper,chemicalandoil.Newapplicationsareemergingwithbetterunderstandingoftheduplexgrades.Modernduplexstainlesssteelsfeaturesmostthecorrosionresistanceandstrength,makingthemmostcost-efficientinmoreandmoreprojects.Int
简介:CeO2andCuOx-CeO2supportedpotassiumcatalystsweresynthesizedbywetnessimpregnationmethod.ThecatalystswerecharacterizedbyBET,NO-TPO,NOx-TPDandsoot-TPOmeasurements.Bythedecorationofpotassiumandcopper,themaximumsootcombustiontemperatureoftheceria-basedcatalystdecreasedto338and379°CinthepresenceandabsenceofNOunderaloosecontactmode,re-spectively.ThepronouncedlyenhancedNOoxidationabilitybycopperintroductionandNOxstoragecapacitybypotassiummodif...
简介:ThermalsimulationtestswereconductedatdifferentdeformationtemperaturesanddegreesbyaGleeblesimulator.Theresultsshowthatthealloyhashigherresistancetodeformation;withanincreaseofthedeformationtemperature,thealloy'sflowstressandmaximumvaluedecrease;withanincreaseofthedeformationdegree,boththeinitialrecrystallizationtemperatureandthecompleterecrystallizationtemperaturedecreasesharply.Whenthedeformationdegreereaches30%,60%and80%,theinitialrecrystalliza...
简介:High-strengthpipelinesteelandlargediameterlinepipesareoftenusedtoincreasethecapacityoftransportationandreducethecostassociatedwiththeconstructionandoperationoflong-distancegaspipelineprojects.China’sinitiativestoconstructlong-distancenaturalgaspipelineshasbroughtinnewopportunitiesforthedevelopmentofX80linepipes.BaosteelhasdesignedtheoptimumchemicalcompositionofX80withhighniobiumandlowmolybdenumcontent.Inaddition,aweldingexperimentalplatformandafiniteelementmodel(FEM)havesupportedthedevelopmentofX80UOEpipesinanefficientandeconomicalway.TheapplicationandrecentdevelopmentofX80UOEpipeswereintroducedinthispaper.TocomplywiththerequirementsoftheSecondWest-EastGasPipelineProject(2ndWEPP),X80pipelinesteelwithlowcarbonbainitemicrostructurewasdevelopedbyutilizingtheoptimizedcompositionandTMCPprocess.Thematchingweldingmaterial,weldingprocedureandUOEformingprocessesfor1219mmoutsidediameterX80UOEpipeswerealsodeveloped.Morethan340000tofX80UOEpipeswereproducedandappliedinthe2ndWEPP.Furthermore,tomeettheprospectivedemandforlong-distancegaspipelineswithanannualtransportationcapacityofover40billionm3,largersizeX80UOEpipeswith1422mmOD×30.8mmWTweretrialproducedrecently.DWTTperformance,themaintechnicalchallengeforheavierwallpipes,wasimprovedbyusingoptimizedmicrostructuraldesign.ThenewlydevelopedX80pipescanbepotentiallyusedforlargertransportationcapacitypipelinesinChina.