简介:Single-eventmicrokinetic(SEMK)modelofthecatalyticcrackingofmethylcyclohexaneadmixedwith1-octeneoverREUSYzeolitesat693K—753Kintheabsenceofcokeformationisenhanced.Tokeepconsistencywiththewellknowncarbeniumionchemistry,hydridetransferformingandconsumingallyliccarbeniumionsinthearomatizationofcycloparaffinsarefurtherinvestigatedanddifferentiated.Thereversibilityofendocyclicβ-scissionandcyclizationreactionsisrefinedbyaccountingexplicitlyforthereactingolefinsandresultingcycloparaffinsinthecorrespondingthermodynamics.24activationenergiesforthereactionsinvolvedinthecrackingofcycloparaffinsareobtainedbytheregressionof15setsofexperimentaldataupontakingtheresulting37maincrackingproducts,i.e.,responsesintoaccount.TheenhancedSEMKmodelcanadequatelydescribethecatalyticbehaviorof37mainproductswithconversionandtemperature.
简介:Inthispaper,2-isopropylnaphthalenehasbeensynthesizedbythereactionofnaphthaleneandisopropylbromide,usingtriethylaminehydrochloride-aluminumchlorideionicliquidasthecatalyst.Theeffectofthecatalystcomposition,thereactiontime,thereactiontemperature,theionicliquiddosage,aswellasthemolarratioofthereagentsonthe2-isopropylnaphthaleneyieldwassystematicallyinvestigated.Theoptimalreactionconditionscover:anAlCl3toEt3NHClratioof2.0,areactiontimeof3h,areactiontemperatureof15.0℃,avolumefractionofionicliquidtothemixture(isopropylbromide,n-dodecaneandn-hexane)of9%,andanaphthalene/isopropylbromidemolarratioof4.0.Undertheoptimalreactionconditions,theconversionofisopropylbromidereached98%andtheselectivityof2-isopropylnaphthalenewasequalto80%.ThetestresultsverifiedgoodcatalyticactivityuponusingEt3NHCl-AlCl3ionicliquidasthecatalystforalkylationofnaphthalenewithisopropylbromide.Theactivityoftheionicliquidremainsunchangedafterithasbeenrecycledfor4times.
简介:南海西部涠12-1油田为近海复杂断块型油田,具有目的层段断层复杂、储层纵横向分布规律和连通性复杂、储层非均质性强等特点,另外因地震成像不清,给前期勘探和后期油藏开发带来极大困难。针对以上难点,从地震资料成像处理技术、解释性成像处理技术和油藏地质建模技术等方面展开研究,提出了叠前成像处理及目标成像处理的研究思路,利用叠前各向异性深度偏移、优势道叠加与叠后分频成像及扩散滤波等技术和方法,取得了较好的成像效果,形成了复杂断块油田地震成像关键技术系列。该研究成果不仅对涠12—1油田下一步的开发部署与调整具有指导意义.而且对其他复杂断块型油气田的勘探开发也具有一定的推广价值.
简介:Chromiumacetylacetonateandbis(diphenylphosphino)isopropylaminewerecoordinatedinsituandsupportedonmethylaluminoxane-modifiedsilica.Thecatalyststructureandeffectsofreactiontemperature,reactionpressureandAl/Crmolarratioonethylenetetramerizationwereinvestigatedindetail.Chromiumwasuniformlyandfirmlyimmobilizedonthesupportandcouldnotbeleachedoffbymethylaluminoxane.Thesupportedcatalyst,uponbeingactivatedwithmethylaluminoxane,exhibitedcatalyticactivityof1.70×107g/(molCr·h)forethylenetetramerizationtoform1-octeneatareactiontemperaturesof80℃,apressureof2.0MPaandanAl/Crmolarratioof300.Thesupportedcatalystpresentedagoodtolerancetohightemperature.
简介:培训评估经历了柯式四级评估、柯式评估模型、柯式新评估模型和柯式/菲利普斯模型等发展过程。柯氏新评估模型丰富了各个层级的内涵,强化了各层级之间的联系,强调以终为始。柯式/菲利普斯模型增加了5级评估概念,以定量评估为主、定性评估为辅,为解决高层级评估困局提供了新的策略。
简介:Throughimprovingtheagingprocessduringsynthesisofthesupport,γ-Al2O3withlargeporevolumeandhighsurfaceareawassynthesizedbyafacilesecondaryreformingmethod.Thesynthesisparameters,suchasthereactiontemperature,thefirstagingtemperatureandthesecondagingtemperature,wereinvestigated.Thetexturalpropertiesofγ-Al2O3werecharacterizedbymeansofN2adsorption-desorptionisotherms,X-raypowderdiffractometry(XRD),scanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM),Fouriertransforminfrared(FTIR)spectroscopyandthermogravimetry(TG).TheexperimentalresultsindicatedthatAACHandamorphousAlOOHweretheprecursorsofalumina,whichwereformedviaprecipitationfromsolutionsafterreactionofaluminumsulphatewithammoniumhydrogencarbonate.Theprecursornanocrystallitesgrewandre-assembledduringthesecondaryreformingprocess,whichresultedinanincreasedporesizeandporevolumeandadecreasedbulkdensity.Theas-synthesizedγ-Al2O3materialsfeaturedmeso/macroporosity,largeporevolume(2.175cm3/g),highsurfacearea(237.8m2/g),andlowbulkdensity(0.284g/mL).
简介:针对港西开发区西5X-3断块规模小,断层多且较为发育,井距较大,注采井网欠完善,层间非均质性较强,开发效果欠佳的状况,通过储集层沉积微相研究、低电阻率油层评价、合理井距研究及油藏剩余油分布类型评价,量化了剩余油分布的潜力,在此基础上采取优化开发层系,合理调整井网、井距等技术对策,改善了开发效果.该断块油藏的开发实践表明,结合沉积微相开展储集层研究是进行剩余油挖潜的有效途径,根据剩余油分布特点,重建注采井网结构,能保持断块油藏平稳高效开发.同时,低电阻率油层潜力较大,是油藏开发后期挖潜的主要对象,而高含水期的厚油层,特别是点坝砂层的中上部仍有一定的开采潜力.
简介:针对企业知识管理建设与E-Learning教育系统整合遇到的难点、知识的分析与信息加工处理、知识渠道的建立等问题,对相关系统间的关联关系和系统架构进行探究,为企业整合知识管理与E-Learning教育系统提供参考。