简介：TwofieldexperimentswereperformedinordertodissipatethefogatWuqingDistrictofTianjininNovemberandDecemberof2009.Hygroscopicparticleswereseededtodissipatefogdropletson6-7November,2009.Liquidnitrogen(LN)wasseededintothenaturalsupercooledfogintheexperimentsof30November–1December,2009.Significantresponsewasfoundafterseeding.Significantchangeswereobservedinthemicrostructureoffoginthefieldexperiments.Theoffogdropletchangeddramatically;itincreasedfirstandthendecreasedafterseeding.RemarkablevariationalsowasfoundintheLiquidWaterContent(LWC)andinthesizeoffogdroplet.TheDropletSizeDistribution(DSD)offogbroadenedduringtheseedingexperiments.TheDSDbecamenarrowaftertheseedingended.Afterseeding,thedropletswerefoundtobeatdifferentstagesofgrowth,resultinginatransformofDSDbetweenunimodaldistributionandbimodaldistribution.TheDSDwasunimodalbeforeseedingandthenbimodalduringtheseedingexperiment.Finally,theDSDbecameunimodallydistributedonceagain.

简介：Inthispaper,twosnowfallcasesunderdifferentweatherconditionsinnorthernChinaaresimulatedbyusingthemesoscalemodelMM5.Two-waynestingstructureofdomainsisdesignedforeachcase.AmongtheexplicitschemesofMM5,theReisnergraupelschemeisselectedtodescribethemicrophysicalprocess.Thesimulatedsnow-bandsoftwocasesarebasicallyconsistentwithobservations.Thesimulatedresultsofmicrophysicalprocessesaremainlydiscussed.Thehydrometeorsandtheirsourcesandsinksunderdifferentweatherbackgroundsaredescribed.Thefeedbackeffectsofmicrophysicalprocessesonthethermalanddynamicprocessesarealsodiscussed.Methodthatoutputstheaccumulativesourcesandsinksperhourisusedtoanalyzethedistributioncharacteristicsofhydrometeorsduringthestrongestsnowfallperiod.Twosensitivitytests(calledheattestanddragtest)areconductedtoexaminetheeffectsofmicrophysicalpro-cessesoncloudproducedbythelatentheatanddragforce.Resultshaveshownthatthedistributionofparticleshasacloserelationwithtemperature.Thetem-peratureofBeijingsnowfallisunder0℃andthereexistvaporandsolidphaseparticles,whileLiaoningsnowfallhasvapor,liquid,andsolidphaseparticlesduetothewarmtemperature.Thedistributionoftheseparticlesisnotthesameatdifferentdevelopmentstages.Fromtheanalysesofthecharacteristicsofsourcesandsinks,itisfoundthatsnowismainlyproducedbythedepositionandaccretionwithice.Cloudwateriscrucialtograupel.Themeltingofice-phaseparticlesenhancestherainproduction.Theresultsofheattestsanddragtestsrevealthatthemicrophysicalprocesseshaveinteractedwiththedynamicandthermalprocesses.Latentheatreleaseofhydrometeorsfeedsbackpositivelyonsnowfallwhilethedragforcenot.Atlast,comparisonsofsimulatedresultshavebeendonebetweenthetwodifferentkindsofsnowfallcases.ThemicrophysicalprocessesofLiaoningsnowfallcaseismorecomplicatedthanthoseofBe

简介：Accordingtotheconceptofthefaultmotioncoordinationratio(FCR),thispaperdiscussestheeffectofthestartingpointontheresultofFCRcalculationandputsforwardthecalculationmethodforFCRusingtheslidingwindowandtheindexforevaluatingthedispersion.EarthquakecasesanalysisshowsthatattheLijiangsiteacrossthefault:theFCRvaluevariedgreatlyanditsdistributionwasdispersivebeforetheMS7.0Lijiangearthquake,whilethevaluewasstableandlessdispersiveaftertheearthquake,whichreflectsthestrainaccumulationofthefaultduringtheseismogenicprocessandthepoormovementcoordinationbetweenthemotionofthethreecomponents.Aftertheearthquake,thefaultwasinafreeactivitystate,theaccumulatedstrainenergyreleased,andthemovementofthethreecomponentswascoordinatedmutually.Atpresent,FCRdispersionofLijiangisatalowvalue,andfaultstrainaccumulationisatalowlevel.

简介：物理地理和人的地理是地理科学的主要分支。在地理的物理过程模拟和人的过程模拟两个都是过去常基于精确坚定的参数经过事件并且甚至到预报事件恢复的量的方法。在地理物理进程模拟和人的进程模拟之间有四差别，我们与哪个在中国正在考虑三工业结构的进化的二个特定的盒子，其一个关于台风开发和它的降水，和其它总结它。差别集中于四个方面：研究框架的主要因素；系统的分析框架的知识背景；模拟数据来源和量的方法；并且学习目标和预报申请的方法的核心。因为人陆地的关系是人陆地系统的关键思想方式，在物理、人的因素之间的关系目前正在变得逐渐地靠近。在地理的物理过程模拟和人的过程模拟将展出交叉并且掺未来更好反映各种各样的地理现象。

简介：Basedontheprincipleformulaforthefour-componentstrainmeters,wecandirectlyobtainthespecificplanestrain,shearstrainandazimuthalangleoftheprincipalstrain,andthemaximumandminimumprincipalstrainscalculatedafterwardsaretheindirectresult.TheproblemsofpracticalityofthesensitivitycoefficientsAandBofplanestrainandshearstrainarethendiscussed.Basedonthisidea,weanalyzedtheobservationdataofseveralfourcomponentboreholestrainmetersneartheepicenteroftheYiliangMS5.7earthquakein2012andtheLudianMS6.5earthquakein2014intheZhaotongarea,YunnanProvince.Theresultsshowthattheanalysisbasedontheperspectiveofplanestrainandshearstrainhasanobviouslybettereffectthanthatbasedonthecomponentreadings,andcandirectlypeelofftherespectiveabnormalityoftheplanestrainandshearstrain.Inaddition,thecorrelationcoefficientcurvesbetweenmeasureddataoftwoplanestrainsshowsignificantanomalieswhichoftenoccurseveraldaysbeforeandduringtheearthquake.

简介：根据Anderson亲爱原则，为极其重的降雨(缩短的同样极端的降雨/降水)的预报的一个方法基于中国气象学的管理(CMA)的T213全球整体预言系统(EPS)的整体预报数据被开发。在20072010期间使用T213预报降水数据并且在20012010的JuneAugust的观察降雨数据，累积分发功能(CDF)的特征观察，T213EPS预报降水被分析。因此，根据在模型之间的CDF的连续差别，气候和EPS预报，极端降水预报索引(EPFI)的一个数学模型被建立并且适用在17312011年7月期间在中国预报几个极端降雨事件的实验。结果证明EPFI利用了模型的尾巴信息气候的CDF和极端降雨的提供的令人喜悦的的预报。EPFI为预先发给极端降雨的早警告37天基于T213EPS是有用的。与预报铅时间的扩展，EPFI变得不太熟练。结果也证明模型气候CDF的合理性具有到EPFI的技巧的重要重要性。

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简介：基于线虫生活策略，成熟索引(MI)在1990被建议了估计可能的变化陆上并且淡水线虫集合由人为的活动导致了。它随后也被用于海洋的生态系统并且比较地还没很流行，在与大量人为的司机的关系估计生态的质量提供一个好方法。然而，很少数据在它对物理应力的反应上是可得到的，特别在沿海的区域的一个关键因素。在这研究，从在马尔代夫执行的二学习格的海洋的线虫类被用来测试MI和生活策略特点(即，c-p班)为检测物理骚乱的效果。结果证实线虫很好被使适应显示出恢复的一般的高率的物理应力。可伸缩的C-p和MI不似乎为因为几个类，和对各种各样的骚乱类型的可能的微分回答的生活策略上没有实验证据，可能揭示这种骚乱类型适当可以被假设。