简介:采用反应合成方法制备孔隙度为54.3%的高纯Ti3SiC2多孔材料,并研究其在400~1000°C下空气中的氧化行为。采用热重-差热分析法、扫描电镜、X射线衍射技术、能谱仪、拉曼光谱、BET比表面分析法和孔结构测试等研究Ti3SiC2多孔材料在氧化前后的氧化动力学、物相组成、微观形貌以及孔结构参数演变。结果表明:形成不同晶型TiO2氧化产物是影响Ti3SiC2多孔材料抗氧化性及孔结构稳定性的主要因素。由于氧化产物体积应力以及热应力的存在,因此,在400~1000°C试验过程中试样表面均出现开裂现象。其中,在400~600°C下形成的锐钛矿型TiO2会导致Ti3SiC2晶粒出现严重开裂,并引发快速氧化以及孔径和透气度的异常减小。600°C以上在氧化过程中主要形成金红石型TiO2,开裂现象得以缓解,但是氧化膜的外延生长大幅降低了Ti3SiC2多孔材料孔隙的连通性。
简介:通过磁化学熔体反应法在7055(Al-3%B)?Ti反应体系中成功制备TiB2/7055复合材料。利用XRD、OM和SEM等分析检测技术研究复合材料的相组成和微观组织。结果表明,脉冲磁场作用下生成的TiB2颗粒呈多边状或近球形,尺寸小于1μm,均匀分布于基体中。与未施加脉冲磁场的复合材料相比,施加磁场后α(Al)晶粒平均尺寸从20μm减小到约10μm,第二相从连续的网格状分布变为非连续性分布。在磁场作用下,复合材料的抗拉强度从310MPa提高到333MPa,伸长率从7.5%提高到8.0%。此外,与基体相比,在载荷为100N,磨损时间为120min时,复合材料的磨损量从111mg降低到78mg。
简介:Inthiswork,transformationbehaviorsandmechanicalpropertiesofcold-rolledshapememoryalloyTi50Ni49Fe1bysevereplasticdeformation(SPD)wereintensivelyinvestigated.Thephasetransformationbehaviors,phaseanalysis,andmicrostructureswerecharacterizedbydifferentialscanningcalorimetry(DSC),X-raydiffraction(XRD),andtransmissionelectronmicroscopy(TEM),respectively.TensiletestingwasperformedtoanalyzetheeffectofSPDonthemechanicalpropertiesandshapememoryofTi50Ni49Fe1alloy.Whenthethicknessreductionisbeyond30%,themartensitictransformationissuppressed.Aftercold-rolling,thealloyismainlycomposedofB2parentphaseswithsomestress-inducedmartensiticB190phases,andhighdensityofdislocationsaregeneratedandthegrainsareobviouslyrefined.Theyieldstressrbsignificantlyraisesfrom618MPaof0%coldrollingto1,338MPaof50%SPD.Shape-memoryeffectincreasesfrom6.5%withoutcoldrollingto8.5%after30%SPD,ascribedtotheinduceddefectsincoldrolling.ThoseresultsindicatethatTi50Ni49Fe1alloyhasimprovedmechanicalpropertiesandpotentialcommercialapplicationsafterSPD.
简介:在高能超声场下利用熔体原位反应制备TiB2/Al-30Si复合材料;利用XRD、SEM及干磨损试验研究此复合材料的显微组织和磨损性能。结果表明:在高能超声场作用下,原位TiB2颗粒在铝基体中分布均匀,形貌为圆形或四边形,尺寸在0.1-1.5μm之间。初生硅的形貌为四边形,平均尺寸为10μm。随着高能超声功率的增加,Al-30Si基体合金及TiB2/Al-30Si复合材料的硬度明显提高;特别是当超声功率为1.2kW时,复合材料的硬度达到412MPa,是基体合金的1.3倍。复合材料的磨损性能得到明显提高,载荷的变化对复合材料的磨损量影响不大。
简介:TiO2nanoparticleswithdifferentphasesarepreparedbyhydrolysisoftitaniumtetrabutoxideinthepresenceofHCl.ThecompositionandmicrostructureoftheresultingsamplesarestudiedbyXRDandTEM.TheseresultsshowthattherangeofparticlesizeofTiO2isfrom20to30nm.ThemechanismofTiO2photocatalysisreactionhasbeendiscussedextensively.PhotocatalyticactivitiesofnanometerTiO2arealsoevaluatedbydegradationofthecrystalvioletsolution.ExperimentalresultsindicatethatthesynergisticactionofH2O2andultrasonicwavegreatlyenhancesphoto-catalyticreactionofTiO2.
简介:在80%Al-20%CuO(质量分数)体系中,通过原位反应法制备Al2O3p-Al复合材料。采用不同方法研究CuO颗粒粒度对复合材料合成温度和显微组织的影响。结果表明,CuO颗粒粒度对Al-CuO体系的完全反应温度有显著影响:含有粒度小于6μmCuO颗粒样品的完全反应温度比含有粒度小于100μmCuO颗粒样品的完全反应温度低200°C。当反应温度低于某一临界值时,原位Al2O3颗粒和Al基体之间不能完全结合;当温度高于某一临界值时,原位Al2O3颗粒的形貌从棒状转变成近球形。这两个临界温度受CuO颗粒粒度的影响:含有粒度小于6μmCuO颗粒样品的临界温度比含有小于100μmCuO颗粒样品的临界温度低100℃。
简介:Iron(Ⅲ)-dopednanostructureTiO2-coatedSiO2(TiO2/SiO2)particleswerepreparedusingthelayer-by-layeras-semblytechniqueandtheirphotocatalyticpropertywasstudied.TiO2colloidsweresynthesizedemployingthesol-gelmethodwithTiCl4asaprecursor.ThesampleswerecharacterizedbyFouriertransforminfraredspectroscopy(FTIR),SEM,EDS,XPS,andXRD.TheexperimentalresultsshowthatTiO2nanopowdersonthesurfaceofSiO2particlesarewelldistributed,theamountofTiO2isincreasedwiththeaddingofcoatinglayers,thepureanatase-TiO2coatinglayersaresynthesizedat500°C,andthephotocatalyticactivityofFe3+-dopedTiO2/SiO2ishigherthanthatofundopedTiO2/SiO2.
简介:Nb-24Ti-18Si-2Al-2Hf-4CrandNb-24Ti-18Si-2Al-2Hf-8Cralloyswerepreparedbyarcmeltinginawater-cooledcrucibleunderargonatmosphere.Microstructuralcharacteristicsandoxidationresistanceofthealloysat1250℃wereinvestigated.Theresultsshowthat,whentheCrcontentis4at%,themicrostructuresconsistof(Nb,Ti)_(ss)andNb_5Si_3;asCrcontentincreasesto8at%,C14LavesphaseCr_2Nbisformed.Theisothermaloxidationtestsshowthattheoxidationkineticsofthetwoalloysfollowsimilarfeatures.Theweightgainsofthetwoalloysafteroxidationat1250℃for100hare235.61and198.50mg·cm~(-2),respectively.Duringoxidation,SiO_2,TiO_2,Nb_2O_5andCrNbO_4areformedatfirst.Then,Ti_2Nb_(10)O_(29)isformedafteroxidationfor20minandbeginstochangeintoTiNb_2O_7astheoxidationproceeds.SiO_2isformedassolidstateatfirstbutlaterevolvesintoglassystatetoimprovethecohesionofthescale.Afteroxidationfor100h,oxidationproductsconsistofSiO_2,TiNb_2O_7,Nb_2O_5andCrNbO_4.
简介:ElectrocrystallizationMechanismofTungsteninMoltenKF-B_2O_3-K_2WO_4WenZhenhuanandLiGuoxun文振环,李国勋(GeneralResearchInstiiuteforNo...
简介:介绍一种金属/合金的生产方法,用于恒电流和恒电位条件下由混合硫化物(Cu2S,NiS)生产Cu-Ni合金,称为直接电化学还原(DER)。研究槽电压和槽电流等工艺参数对还原得到的化合物组成的影响,以生产工业所需的CuNi10,CuNi20和CuNi30等合金。在1200°C下采用循环伏安法(CV)考察Cu2S和NiS在CaCl2熔体中的电化学行为。根据CV研究结果,Cu2S的阴极还原是一步完成的,即Cu2S?Cu;NiS的阴极还原则分两步进行,即NiS?Ni3S2?Ni。恒电流研究表明,在10A电流下电解15min,可制备出最高硫含量为320×10-6的高纯CuNi10合金。扫描电子显微镜以及能量色散X射线能谱和光学发射光谱(OES)测试结果表明,在2.5V电压下直接电化学还原15min,可制备出杂质含量低(即硫含量小于60×10-6)的所选成分的Cu-Ni合金。
简介:本文采用磁粉、X射线、CT和超声等无损检测和金相分析等方法对40CrNi2Si2,MoVA钢制零件的磁痕显示进行了系统分析。研究认为,40CrNi2Si2MoVA钢制零件的磁痕显示为显微成分沿变形方向偏析导致的马氏体转变点Ms差异所致。显微成分偏析是钢锭结晶过程中不可避免的,但可通过优化熔炼工艺参数降低显微偏析的程度。本文还分析了四种磁痕显示的类型及其判别方法。
简介:Themetal-organicchemicalvapordeposition(MOCVD)techniqueisapromisingprocessforhigh-temperaturesuperconductorYBa2Cu3O7-δ(YBCO)preparation.Inthistechnique,itisachallengetoobtainbariumprecursorswithhighvolatility.Inaddition,thepurity,evaporationcharacteristics,andthermostabilityofadoptedprecursorsinwholeprocesswilldecidethequalityandreproducibleresultsofYBCOfilm.Inthepresentreport,bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)barium(Ⅱ)(Ba(TMHD)2)wassynthesized,anditsstructurewasidentifiedbyFTIR,1HNMR,13CNMR,andESI-MSspectroscopy.Subsequently,thethermalpropertiesandthekineticsofdecompositionweresystematicallyinvestigatedbynonisothermalthermogravimetricanalysismethods.BasedontheaverageapparentactivationenergyevaluatedbytheOzawa,Kissinger,andFriedmanmethods,thevolatilizationprocesswasdiscussed,andallresultsshowthatBa(TMHD)2isunstableandhighlysensitivetothechangeoftemperatureduringthewholeevaporationprocess.Therefore,itisveryimportanttochoosesuitablevolatilizationtechnologyandconditionsforavoidingBa(TMHD)2break-down(orthermalaging)duringMOCVDprocess.Subsequently,thepossibleconversionfunctionisestimatedthroughtheCoats-Redfernmethodtocharacterizetheevaporationpatternsandfollowsaphaseboundaryreactionmechanismbythecontractingsurfaceequationwithaverageactivationenergyof118.7kJ.mol-1.
简介:起落架40CrNi2Si2MoVA钢螺桩在安装一段时间后发生了断裂。为确定螺桩断裂的原因,对断裂螺桩断口宏微观形貌、断裂螺桩及对比件的氢含量、材料的性能以及表面损伤等因素进行了检查,并对电镀工艺进行了评定。结果表明,裂纹主要起源于第一螺纹根部的机械损伤部位,源区以沿晶断裂特征为主,断裂件含氢量较高。综合分析认为。螺桩断裂性质为氢致延迟断裂,表面机械损伤对氢吸收和扩散的促进作用和40CrNi2Si2MoVA钢材料高强度所致的高氢脆敏感性是导致断裂的主要原因。
简介:TheeffectsofheattreatmentsonthephasetransformationbehaviorofTi49Ni49.5Fe1V0.5andTi48Ni48.5Fe1V2.5alloyswereinvestigated.TheresultsindicatethatthealloyssubjectedtodifferentheattreatmentshaveB2structureatroomtemperature.AllthespecimensexhibitatwostageB2→R→B190martensitictransformationoncooling,butaB190→B2one-stagereversemartensitictransformationonheatingexceptagedA1alloy,whichundergoesanabnormaltwo-stagetransformationuponheating.ThephasetransformationtemperaturesareaffectedbyheattreatmentsandVcontent,whichcanbeattributedtothevariationofthesecond-phaseparticlescontentinthematrix.
简介:通过基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算方法,对MgCu2,Mg2Ca和MgZn2的力学性能和电子结构进行计算,计算所得晶格参数与实验值和文献值相吻合。合金形成热和结合能的计算结果表明,MgCu2具有最强的合金形成能力和结构稳定性。计算了MgCu2,Mg2Ca和MgZn2的弹性常数,推导了体模量、剪切模量、弹性模量和泊松比。结果表明,MgCu2、Mg2Ca和MgZn2均为延性相,MgCu2的刚度最大,MgZn2的塑性最好。通过对结合能和弹性常数的计算,预测了MgCu2、Mg2Ca和MgZn2的熔点。通过对态密度(DOS)、Mulliken布居数、电子占据数和差分电荷密度的计算,分析了MgCu2、Mg2Ca和MgZn2的结构稳定性和力学性能机制。最后,计算和讨论了3种金属间化合物的Debye温度。
简介:ItiswellknownthatthephotocatalyticactivityofTiO2thinfilmsstronglydependsonthepreparingmethodsandpost-treatmentconditions,sincetheyhaveadecisiveinfluenceonthechemicalandphysicalpropertiesofTiO2thinfilms.Therefore,itisnecessarytoelucidatetheinfluenceofthepreparationprocessandpost-treatmentconditionsonthephotocatalyticactivityandsurfacemicrostructuresofthefilms.ThisreviewdealswiththepreparationofTiO2thinfilmphotocatalystsbywet-chemicalmethods(suchassol-gel,reversemicellarandliquidphasedeposition)andthecomparisonofvariouspreparationmethodsaswellastheiradvantageanddisadvantage.Furthermore,itisdiscussedthattheadvancementofphotocatalyticactivity,super-hydrophilicityandbactericidalactivityofTiO2thinfilmphotocatalystinrecentyears.